ASTM E964-2006(2010) 8750 Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems《建筑物和建筑物系统的效益与成本和节约与投资比率的测算的标准操作规程》.pdf
《ASTM E964-2006(2010) 8750 Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems《建筑物和建筑物系统的效益与成本和节约与投资比率的测算的标准操作规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E964-2006(2010) 8750 Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems《建筑物和建筑物系统的效益与成本和节约与投资比率的测算的标准操作规程》.pdf(10页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E964 06 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Practice forMeasuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratiosfor Buildings and Building Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is one in a series of practices for applying economic evaluation methods t
3、o building-relateddecisions. Methods covered by this practice are benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) and savings-to-investmentratio (SIR). These are members of a family of economic evaluation methods that can be used tomeasure the economic consequences of a decision over a specified period of time. The BCR
4、 is usedwhen the focus is on benefits (that is, advantages measured in dollars) relative to project costs. TheSIR, a variation of the BCR, is used when the focus is on project savings (that is, cost reductions)relative to project costs. The family of methods includes, in addition to BCR and SIR, net
5、 benefits, netsavings, life-cycle cost, internal rate-of-return, adjusted internal rate-of-return, and payback (seePractices E917, E1057, E1074, and E1121). Guide E1185 directs you to the appropriate method fora particular economic problem.BCR and SIR are numerical ratios that indicate the economic
6、performance of a project by the sizeof the ratio.Aratio less than 1.0 indicates a project that is uneconomic, a ratio of 1.0 indicates a projectwhose benefits or savings just equal its costs, and a ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a project that iseconomic. While it is straightforward to use ratios
7、to determine whether a given project is economicor uneconomic, care must be taken to correctly interpret ratios when using them to choose amongalternative designs and sizes of a project, or to assign priority to projects competing for limited funds.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for ca
8、lculating andinterpreting benefit-to-cost ratios (BCR) and savings-to-investment ratios (SIR) as an aid for making building-relateddecisions.1.2 A basic premise of the BCR and SIR methods is thatfuture as well as present benefits and costs arising from adecision are important to that decision, and,
9、if measurable indollars, should be included in calculating the BCR and SIR.1.3 Dollar amounts used to calculate BCR and SIR are alldiscounted, that is, expressed in time-equivalent dollars, eitherin present value or uniform annual value terms.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminolo
10、gy of Building ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return andAdjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Build-ings and Building SystemsE1074 Practice for
11、 Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savingsfor Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments inBuildings and Building SystemsE1185 Guide for Selecting Economic Methods for Evaluat-ing Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE1369 Guide for Selecti
12、ng Techniques for Treating Uncer-tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildings1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 onBuilding Economics.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Publ
13、ished November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E964 061. DOI:10.1520/E0964-06R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
14、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.and Building SystemsE1765 Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of
15、InvestmentsRelated to Buildings and Building SystemsE1946 Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings andBuilding SystemsE2204 Guide for Summarizing the Economic Impacts ofBuilding-Related Projects2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Discount Factor Tables, Adjunct to Practices E917, E964,E1057, E1074, and E112133.
16、Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminologies E631 and E833.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice identifies related ASTM standards andadjuncts. It outlines the recommended steps for carrying out ananalysis using the BCR or SIR method, explains eac
17、h step, andgives examples. This practice discusses the importance ofspecifying objectives, alternatives, and constraints at the outsetof an evaluation. It identifies data and assumptions needed forcalculating BCRs and SIRs, and shows how to calculate theratios. This practice emphasizes the importanc
18、e of correctlyinterpreting the meaning of the ratios in different applications,and of taking into account uncertainty, unquantified effects, andfunding constraints. It identifies requirements for documenta-tion and recommends appropriate contents for a BCR or SIRreport. This practice also explains a
19、nd illustrates the applica-tion of the BCR and SIR methods to decide whether to acceptor reject a project, how much to invest in a project, and how toallocate limited investment funds among competing uses.5. Significance and Use5.1 The BCR and SIR provide measures of economicperformance in a single
20、number that indicates whether aproposed building or building system is preferred over amutually exclusive alternative that serves as the base forcomputing the ratio. It may be contrasted with the life-cyclecost (LCC) method that requires two LCC measures to evaluatethe economic performance of a buil
21、ding or building systemone for each alternative.5.2 The ratio indicates discounted dollar benefits (or sav-ings) per dollar of discounted costs.5.3 The BCR or SIR can be used to determine if a givenbuilding or building system is economic relative to the alter-native of not having it.5.4 The BCR or S
22、IR computed on increments of benefits (orsavings) and costs can be used to determine if one design orsize of a building or system is more economic than another.5.5 The BCR or SIR can be used as an aid to select theeconomically efficient set of projects among many competingfor limited funding. The ef
23、ficient set of projects will maximizeaggregate net benefits or net savings obtainable for the budget.6. Procedure6.1 The recommended steps for carrying out an economicevaluation using the BCR or SIR method are summarized asfollows:6.1.1 Identify objectives, constraints, and alternatives (seeSection
24、7),6.1.2 Compile data and establish assumptions for the evalu-ation (see Section 8),6.1.3 Compute BCR or SIR (see Section 9),6.1.4 Analyze the BCR or SIR results and make a decision,taking into account uncertainty, unquantified effects, and fund-ing or cash-flow constraints (see Section 10), and6.1.
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