ASTM E609-2016 red 5998 Standard Terminology Relating to Pesticides《农药相关标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: E609 15aE609 16Standard Terminology Relating toPesticides1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind

2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.absorptionabsorption, na process in which one material (the absorbent) takes in and retains another (the absorbate).acclimation periodperiod, nthe time necessary for an ani

3、mal to adjust to the laboratory and specific test environments.amphoteric surfactantsurfactant, na surface-active agent capable of forming, in aqueous solution, either surface-activeanions or surface-active cations depending on the pH.anionic surfactantsurfactant, nsurface-active agent in which the

4、hydrophilic portion of the molecule forms exclusively anegative ion (anion) when placed in aqueous solution.antifreezeantifreeze, na material that lowers the freezing point of a liquid formulation.attractantattractant, nan agent that increases the attentive frequency of an organism.avicideavicide, n

5、a chemical used to kill, control, or cause other adverse effects on birds.band applicationapplication, nan application of a pesticide to a continuous restricted area such as in or along a crop rowrather than over the entire field area.binderbinder, na substance used in dry formulations to produce or

6、 enhance cohesion of solid particles.broadcast applicationapplication, nthe distribution of a material uniformly over the entire area to be treated and not just toportions of the area.carcinogencarcinogen, nan agent producing or inciting cancerous growth.carriercarrier, n(1) a gas, liquid, or solid

7、used to propel or transport a pesticide; (2) an organism that bears an infectiousagent, but that shows no marked symptoms of the disease caused by that agent.cidaphobiacidaphobia, nsensitivity of target animals that increases their aversion to the high mortality within the population.chemical repell

8、entrepellent, nany substance whose odor, taste, appearance, tactile sensation, or combination thereofproduces an aversion response in the target animal.colorantcolorant, na material used to alter the color of a formulation.contact herbicideherbicide, na chemical that kills those plant parts with whi

9、ch it comes into contact.corrosion inhibitorinhibitor, na material added to a product to reduce its tendency to degrade metals.defoliantdefoliant, na chemical that causes the foliage to drop from plants.depositdeposit, nthe amount of pesticide on a unit area of surface.dermal toxicitytoxicity, nthe

10、toxic effect to an organism resulting from contact of the pesticide with the skin.diluentdiluent, na gas, liquid, or solid used to reduce the concentration of an active ingredient in the formulation orapplication of a pesticide.directed applicationapplication, nan application to a restricted area su

11、ch as a row, bed, or at the base of plants.1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems.Current edition approved M

12、ay 1, 2015Sept. 15, 2016. Published June 2015September 2016. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asE60915.15a. DOI: 10.1520/E0609-15A.10.1520/E0609-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of w

13、hat changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered t

14、he official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1disinfestantdisinfestant, nan agent that kills, inactivates, or repels organisms in or on plants, animals, or inanimate objects.dispersantdispersant, na material tha

15、t inhibits the agglomeration of suspended particles by electrostatic or steric stabilization.dose, dosagedosage, nthe quantity of substance applied per unit treated or applied to or entering an organism.driftdrift, nThe physical movement of an agrochemical through the air at the time of application

16、or soon thereafter to anynon or off target site. Drift shall not include movement to non or off-target sites caused by erosion, migration, volatility or windblown soil particles that occur after application unless specifically advertised on the label.emulsifiable concentrateconcentrate, na single-ph

17、ase liquid system having the property of forming an emulsion when mixedwith water.emulsifieremulsifier, nsee emulsifying agentemulsifying agentagent, na surfactant that promotes the suspensiondispersion of one immiscible liquid in another.emulsionemulsion, na suspension of fine particles or globules

18、 of one or more liquids in another liquid.eradicationeradication, nthe complete elimination of a pest from an area.fragrancefragrance, nan odorant used to mask another odor to impart a specific small to a formulation.freeze protection agentagent, na material that lowers the freezing point or helps t

19、o restore the formulation to its original stateafter freezing and thawing.freeze recovery agentagent, na material, which aids in the restoring viscosity, homogeneity and other physical properties ofa liquid formulation to the original properties before freezing and thawing.fumigantfumigant, na chemi

20、cal used in gaseous form to kill or inhibit pests.fungistatfungistat, nan agent that inhibits the germination of fungus spores or the development of mycelium.invert emulsionemulsion, na water in oil emulsion also known as closed phase emulsion, total emulsion and invert.invert emulsion suspensionsus

21、pension, na water in oil emulsion also known as a multiple emulsion.large particle emulsionemulsion, nsee quick breaking emulsion.microemulsionmicroemulsion, na thermodynamically stable and optically transparent dispersion of one liquid in anotherimmiscible liquid, usually stabilized by surfactants.

22、miniemulsionminiemulsion, na kinetically stable and optically translucent dispersion of one liquid in another immiscibleliquid, usually stabilized by surfactants.nonionic surfactantsurfactant, na surface-active agent that has no ionizable functional groups.parasiteparasite, nan organism living in or

23、 on another living organism, obtaining from it part or all of its nutriment.pestpest, nan organism existing under circumstances that makes it undesirable.piscicidepiscicide, na chemical used to kill, control, or cause other adverse effects on fish.postemergence herbicideherbicide, na chemical applie

24、d after emergence of the specified weed or crop.preemergence herbicideherbicide, na chemical applied before emergence of a specified weed or planted crop.preservativepreservative, na material that prolongs the useful life of an agrichemical by inhibiting decomposition bymicroorganisms.propellantprop

25、ellant, nan inert ingredient in pressurized products that provides the force necessary to dispense theformulation from its container.quick breaking emulsionemulsion, nan emulsion which separates into water and oil within 3 to 10 min after agitation isremoved.raterate, nthe quantity of pesticide appl

26、ied per unit treated.rainfastnessrainfastness, nThe maintenance of biological effectiveness of an agrichemical formulation following a rain oroverhead irrigation event.solventsolvent, na liquid that can dissolve another substance.E609 162soil applicationapplication, napplication of chemical made pri

27、marily to the soil rather than to vegetation.soil injectioninjection, nthe mechanical placement of a pesticide beneath the soil surface with a minimum disturbance of thesoil.spray driftdrift, nthe movement of airborne spray particles from the intended application (target) area.surfactantsurfactant,

28、na material that improves the emulsifying, dispersing, spreading, wetting, or other surface-modifyingproperties of liquids.suspensionsuspension, na two-phase system consisting of a finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas.suspension stabilizerstabilizer, na material that reduces the

29、 tendency of particles to settle.systemic diseasedisease, na disease in which the pathogen or its products spread throughout the organism.teratogenteratogen, na chemical agent that causes congenital malformations in a developing embryo or fetusthickenerthickener, na material whose primary function i

30、s to increase the viscosity of a fluid.U.V. protectantprotectant, na material that prevents or reduces degradation due to ultraviolet radiation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reap

31、proved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you

32、feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual r

33、eprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163