ASTM E609-2015 9463 Standard Terminology Relating to Pesticides《农药相关标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: E609 15Standard Terminology Relating toPesticides1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t

2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.absorptiona process in which one material (the absorbent)takes in and retains another (the absorbate).acclimation periodthe time necessary for an animal toadjust to the laboratory

3、and specific test environments.amphoteric surfactanta surface-active agent capable offorming, in aqueous solution, either surface-active anions orsurface-active cations depending on the pH.anionic surfactanta surface-active agent in which the activeportion of the molecule containing the lipophilic s

4、egmentforms exclusively a negative ion (anion) when placed inaqueous solution.antifreezea material that lowers the freezing point of aliquid formulation.attractantan agent that increases the attentive frequency ofan organism.avicidea chemical used to kill, control, or cause otheradverse effects on b

5、irds.band applicationan application of a pesticide to a continu-ous restricted area such as in or along a crop row rather thanover the entire field area.bindera substance used in dry formulations to produce orenhance cohesion of solid particles.broadcast applicationthe distribution of a material uni

6、-formly over the entire area to be treated and not just toportions of the area.carcinogenan agent producing or inciting cancerous growth.carrier(1) a gas, liquid, or solid used to propel or transporta pesticide; (2) an organism that bears an infectious agent,but that shows no marked symptoms of the

7、disease caused bythat agent.cidaphobiasensitivity of target animals that increases theiraversion to the high mortality within the population.chemical repellentany substance whose odor, taste,appearance, tactile sensation, or combination thereof pro-duces an aversion response in the target animal.col

8、oranta material used to alter the color of a formulation.contact herbicidea chemical that kills those plant parts withwhich it comes into contact.corrosion inhibitora material added to a product to reduceits tendency to degrade metals.defolianta chemical that causes the foliage to drop fromplants.de

9、positthe amount of pesticide on a unit area of surface.dermal toxicitythe toxic effect to an organism resultingfrom contact of the pesticide with the skin.diluenta gas, liquid, or solid used to reduce the concentra-tion of an active ingredient in the formulation or applicationof a pesticide.directed

10、 applicationan application to a restricted area suchas a row, bed, or at the base of plants.disinfestantan agent that kills, inactivates, or repels organ-isms in or on plants, animals, or inanimate objects.dispersanta material that inhibits the agglomeration ofsuspended particles by electrostatic or

11、 steric stabilization.dose, dosagethe quantity of substance applied per unittreated or applied to or entering an organism.driftThe physical movement of an agrochemical through theair at the time of application or soon thereafter to any non oroff target site. Drift shall not include movement to non o

12、roff-target sites caused by erosion, migration, volatility orwind blown soil particles that occur after application unlessspecifically advertised on the label.emulsifiable concentratea single-phase liquid system hav-ing the property of forming an emulsion when mixed withwater.emulsifiersee emulsifyi

13、ng agent1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and DeliverySystems.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published February 2015.

14、Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E60910. DOI:10.1520/E0609-15.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1emulsifying agenta surfactant that promotes the suspensionof one liquid in another.emul

15、siona suspension of fine particles or globules of one ormore liquids in another liquid.eradicationthe complete elimination of a pest from an area.fragrancean odorant used to mask another odor to impart aspecific small to a formulation.freeze protection agenta material that lowers the freezingpoint o

16、r helps to restore the formulation to its original stateafter freezing and thawing.freeze recovery agenta material, which aids in the restoringviscosity, homogeneity and other physical properties of aliquid formulation to the original properties before freezingand thawing.fumiganta chemical used in

17、gaseous form to kill or inhibitpests.fungistatan agent that inhibits the germination of fungusspores or the development of mycelium.invert emulsiona water in oil emulsion also known asclosed phase emulsion, total emulsion and invert.invert emulsion suspensiona water in oil emulsion alsoknown as a mu

18、ltiple emulsion.large particle emulsionsee quick breaking emulsion.microemulsiona thermodynamically stable and opticallytransparent dispersion of one liquid in another immiscibleliquid, usually stabilized by surfactants.miniemulsiona kinetically stable and optically translucentdispersion of one liqu

19、id in another immiscible liquid, usuallystabilized by surfactants.nonionic surfactanta surface-active agent that has no ion-izable functional groups.parasitean organism living in or on another living organism,obtaining from it part or all of its nutriment.pestan organism existing under circumstances

20、 that makes itundesirable.piscicidea chemical used to kill, control, or cause otheradverse effects on fish.postemergence herbicidea chemical applied after emer-gence of the specified weed or crop.preemergence herbicidea chemical applied before emer-gence of a specified weed or planted crop.preservat

21、ivea material that prolongs the useful life of anagrichemical by inhibiting decomposition by microorgan-isms.propellantan inert ingredient in pressurized products thatprovides the force necessary to dispense the formulationfrom its container.quick breaking emulsionan emulsion which separates intowat

22、er and oil within 3 to 10 min after agitation is removed.ratethe quantity of pesticide applied per unit treated.rainfastnessThe maintenance of biological effectiveness ofan agrichemical formulation following a rain or overheadirrigation event.solventa liquid that can dissolve another substance.soil

23、applicationapplication of chemical made primarily tothe soil rather than to vegetation.soil injectionthe mechanical placement of a pesticide be-neath the soil surface with a minimum disturbance of thesoil.spray driftthe movement of airborne spray particles fromthe intended application (target) area.

24、surfactanta material that improves the emulsifying,dispersing, spreading, wetting, or other surface-modifyingproperties of liquids.suspensiona two-phase system consisting of a finely dividedsolid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas.suspension stabilizera material that reduces the tendency ofparticl

25、es to settle.systemic diseasea disease in which the pathogen or itsproducts spread throughout the organism.teratogena chemical agent that causes congenital malforma-tions in a developing embryo or fetusthickenera material whose primary function is to increasethe viscosity of a fluid.U.V. protectanta

26、 material that prevents or reduces degrada-tion due to ultraviolet radiation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision

27、of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shoul

28、dmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtain

29、ed by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 152