ASTM E550-1987(2002) Standard Guide for Preparing Granular Pesticide Ground Applicator Calibration Procedures《颗粒撒播器校准程序的编制》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 550 87 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Guide forPreparing Granular Pesticide Ground Applicator CalibrationProcedures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is for those who prepare granular pesticideground applicator calibration procedures. The pur

3、pose is toencourage methods that will improve uniformity and accuracyof application with granular applicators.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet

4、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements see Section 4.1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to beregarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Significance and Use2.1

5、 This guide covers the calibration of row, band, andbroadcast applicators. Attainment of accurate and more uni-form application can reduce the quantity of active ingredientrequired for a given degree of control, thus improving envi-ronmental quality and safety at a more economical cost. Asingle-cali

6、bration procedure applicable in all situations is notfeasible because of the nature of the variables involved inchemical applications.3. Apparatus3.1 Apparatus needed will depend on the method of cali-bration. Common equipment items include the following:3.1.1 Measuring DeviceTape of at least 25 m (

7、50 ft) inlength, or other suitable measuring device.3.1.2 Marking DevicesStakes or flags for marking ameasured course.3.1.3 ContainersPaper, cloth, or plastic bags to collectgranules.3.1.4 Weighing DeviceA scale for weighing granules ingrams (or ounces) or kilograms (or pounds).4. Hazards4.1 A cauti

8、onary statement for the safe handling of agricul-tural chemicals shall be included with applicator calibrationprocedures.5. Recommendations5.1 The amount of granular material applied to a given areais dependent on six factors. It is recommended that each of thefollowing variables be given considerat

9、ion when developingspecific calibration procedures:5.1.1 Orifice AreaThe area of the metering orifice must beadjusted to regulate the flow rate. The orifice area is determinedby the orifice setting. Adjustments in the orifice setting shouldalways be made in one direction only such as from closed too

10、pen to reduce variability in output for a particular setting.5.1.2 Ground SpeedA constant speed of the applicatormust be maintained for uniform application.NOTE 1The flow of granules through the orifice is not necessarilyproportional to ground speed, even on applicators that use a rotor whosespeed v

11、aries with ground speed.5.1.3 ProductEach agricultural chemical applied requiresa separate calibration since there is a wide variation in size,density, and shape of the granules. In addition, the nature of theinert materials varies.5.1.4 Width of TreatmentCalibration procedures should beused to dete

12、rmine the amount in kilograms (or pounds) appliedper unit area of surface in hectares (or acres) actually coveredwith the agricultural chemical. For band application, the areaactually treated is the area in the band and not the area ofcropland covered. Some row crop recommendations are basedon treat

13、ing “in-the-row” rather than the area actually covered.In these cases, recommendations are generally based on theamount of granules per row length (grams per 100 m or ouncesper 1000 ft of row).5.1.5 Rotor SpeedConsult the manufacturers literaturefor recommended rotor speeds that will give maximum ef

14、fi-ciency.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides andAlternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E35.22on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originallyapproved in

15、1975. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 550 87(1998).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.6 Climatic ConditionsCalibration adjustments mustbe made for changes in flow due to temperature and humidityvariations

16、.6. Calibration Procedures6.1 Perform the following basic steps for the calibration ofgranular applicators:6.1.1 Lay out a measured course in the field where theapplication will take place or in an area having similar soil andterrain conditions. To minimize the error in collecting granules,the accel

17、eration and deceleration distances should be as shortas possible and the total distance driven should be as long aspractical.6.1.2 Determine the ground speed that will be used. Exceptfor the orifice setting, ground speed is the most significantfactor affecting the application rate. Therefore, it is

18、importantto maintain a uniform speed during calibration and application.6.1.3 Determine and set the initial orifice setting. Bothchemical and equipment manufacturers furnish application ratecharts that are intended to be a starting point for determiningthe correct orifice setting.6.1.4 Fill the hopp

19、er(s) at least12 full and operate theapplicator until the granules are feeding from all units.6.1.5 Attach a collection container under the opening(s).6.1.6 Operate the applicator over the measured course at thespeed determined in 6.1.2.6.1.7 Weigh the granules collected from each unit of theapplica

20、tor. A sufficient quantity of material must be collectedduring the test to allow for accurate weighing on the scales.6.1.8 Calculate the application rate in accordance with 7.1.6.1.9 Compare the amount collected in 6.1.6 or calculated in6.1.8 with the recommended rate. If necessary, reset theapplica

21、tors and recalibrate until the delivered application rate iswithin 5 % of the recommended rate.6.1.10 Recalibrate frequently to compensate for anychanges due to the variables listed in Section 5.7. Calculations7.1 The granular application rate may be determined by oneof the following methods:7.1.1 G

22、ranular application rate as calculated is the amountof granules per unit area. The quantity used is the total quantityof granules used by the applicator on a measured course. Thearea covered is the area actually treated on a measured course.Granular application rate 5quantity used kg or lb!area cove

23、red hectares or acres!(1)7.1.2 In-the-RowIn-the-row applications are calculateddirectly by measuring the quantity in grams per 100 m (ouncesper 1000 ft of row).NOTE 2If a chemical manufacturer lists the application rate for“in-the-row” applications as pounds per 40-in. row acre, it should beconverte

24、d to ounces per 1000 ft of row by multiplying times 1.22.7.1.3 MiscellaneousTables, charts, and special slide rulescan be used where applicable. Special factors can be used if thelength of the measured course is selected so that a knowndecimal or fractional part of an acre or hectare is covered with

25、the application width used.8. Keywords8.1 agricultural; calibration; equipment; granular; groundapplicator; pesticideASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly

26、advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eit

27、her reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend

28、. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 550 87 (2002)2