ASTM E3121 E3121M-2017 Standard Test Methods for Field Testing of Anchors in Concrete or Masonry《混凝土或砖石中锚栓现场试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: E3121/E3121M 17Standard Test Methods forField Testing of Anchors in Concrete or Masonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3121/E3121M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for static tensileand shear testing of post-installed and cast-in-place anchoragesyste

3、ms in members made of concrete or members made ofsolid, hollow, or grout-filled masonry and related materials.Tests may be made to determine the ultimate load or to applya proof load to verify proper installation. Proof load testsperformed in the confined condition to verify proper installa-tion sha

4、ll not be used to develop design values. Only those testsrequired by the specifying authority need to be performed.1.2 These test methods are intended for use with suchanchorage devices designed to be installed perpendicular to aplane surface of the member.1.3 Seismic, fatigue, shock, combined tensi

5、on, and shearand torsion testing are not covered in the methods describedherein. If these tests are required, refer to Test MethodsE488/E488M for equipment and procedures.1.4 Both inch-pound and SI units are provided in thisstandard. The testing may be performed in either system andreported in the s

6、ystem used and converted to the other.However, anchor diameters, threads, and related test equipmentshall be in accordance with either inch-pound or SI provisions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the

7、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established

8、in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE488/E488M Test

9、 Methods for Strength of Anchors inConcrete ElementsE575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE2265 Terminology for Anchors and Fasteners in Concreteand Masonry3. Terminology3.1 For

10、 definitions of general terms used in these testmethods related to building construction, refer to TerminologyE631, and for definitions of terms related to anchoring, refer toTerminology E2265.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cast-in-place anchor, nan anchor that is installed

11、prior to the placement of base material and that derives itsholding power from plates, lugs, or other protrusions.3.2.1.1 DiscussionExamples include, headed anchorbolts, specialty inserts, anchor channels, metal straps, andsimilar embedded items.3.2.2 confined test condition, ntest configuration in

12、whichthe reaction forces from the test equipment are transferred tothe member surface in close proximity to the anchor element.3.2.3 Manufacturers Printed Installation Instructions(MPII), ninstructions for correct anchor installation under allcovered installation conditions as approved and supplied

13、inproduct packaging by the manufacturer of the anchor system.3.2.4 member, nthe base material in which the anchor isinstalled and which resists forces from the anchor.3.2.5 post-installed anchor, nan anchor that is installedafter the placement and hardening of base material.1These test methods are u

14、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. DOI:10.1520/E3121_E3121M-17.2For referenced

15、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh

16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Org

17、anization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.5.1 DiscussionExamples include, expansion,undercut, screw, grouted, and adhesive anchors.3.2.6 proof load, na test load applied to an anchor for aspecified duration, if applicable, to verify proper installation.3.2.7 unconfined test conditio

18、n, ntest configuration inwhich the reactions from the test equipment are spaced asuitable distance from the anchor to allow unrestricted devel-opment of a conical fracture surface.3.3 Symbols:3.3.1 cedge distance, measured from centerline of anchorto edge of member or test frame support, in. mm.3.3.

19、2 dnominal anchor diameter, in. mm.3.3.3 dholediameter of drilled borehole in member, in.mm.3.3.4 dopeningdiameter of hole in confining plate for con-fined tension tests, in. mm.3.3.5 Fmaximum test load, lbf kN.3.3.6 hthickness of the member, in. mm.3.3.7 hefeffective depth of embedment of an anchor

20、, in.mm.3.3.8 nnumber of test specimens.3.3.9 sanchor spacing measured centerline to centerline,in. mm.3.3.10 tplthickness of confining plate for tension tests, d,in. mm.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are intended to provide data fromwhich applicable performance and design data can be

21、 deter-mined for a given anchorage device used in a member ofconcrete, solid, hollow, or grout-filled masonry, and relatedmaterials and for qualifying anchors or anchorage systems.Tests performed in the confined condition shall not be used todevelop design values. Proof load tests shall not result i

22、ndamage to properly installed anchors.4.2 The test methods shall be followed to ensure reproduc-ibility of the test data.5. Apparatus5.1 EquipmentCalibrated electronic load cells or hydrau-lic ram and pressure gauge systems calibrated together as asystem shall be used. This equipment shall be capabl

23、e ofmeasuring the forces to an accuracy within 62 % of thecalibrated capacity, when calibrated in accordance with Prac-tices E4. For tests which require displacement measurements,use either manually read dial gauges or electronic displacementmeasuring devices with accuracy of 60.001 in. 0.025 mm.The

24、 instrument(s) shall be positioned to measure movement ofthe anchor in the direction of the applied load in such a waythat the instrument is not influenced during the test bymovement or failure of the anchor or member. If load andcorresponding displacement measurements are required, thenumber of dat

25、a points recorded shall be selected based on theexpected ultimate capacity of the anchor and shall be sufficientto accurately show the load-displacement behavior. The testfixture(s) shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yielding ofits various components and shall ensure that the applied tension

26、loads remain parallel to and centered on the anchors and thatthe applied shear loads remain parallel to the surface of themember during testing.5.1.1 Tension TestAn example of a typical system forapplying tension pull-out forces to a single anchor is shown inFig. 1A, Fig. 1B, and Fig. 1C. The test s

27、ystem support(s) shallbe of sufficient size to prevent local crushing or failure of thesurrounding member. Tests may be performed as confined orunconfined (see 6.3 and definitions) as specified. The loadingrod shall be of sufficient size and strength to develop theultimate strength of the anchor at

28、a stress level less than itsyield strength.Aloading shoe may be used as shown in Fig. 1Aor the loading rod may be directly coupled to the anchor asshown in Fig. 1B. If a loading shoe is used, it should be ofsufficient thickness to prevent yielding during loading. Thethickness should be at least equa

29、l to the nominal size of theanchor. Appropriate linkages or fixtures, such as ball andsocket spherical device, shall be included in the load path tominimize the direct transfer of bending stress to the anchor dueto misalignment of the loading system. For confined tests, asheet of tetrafluoroethylene

30、 (TFE), polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), or perfluoro-alkoxy (PFA) of 0.020 6 0.004 in. 0.5 6 0.1 mm thicknessshall be placed between the loading plate and the surface of themember.5.1.2 Shear TestAn example of a typical system forapplying shear force to a single

31、anchor is shown in Fig. 2. Thethickness of the shear loading plate in the immediate vicinity ofthe test anchor shall be equal to the nominal bolt diameter to betested unless another diameter is specified, with a tolerance of116 in., +18 in. 1.5 mm, + 3.0 mm. The edges of the shearloading plate shall

32、 be chamfered or have a radius to preventdigging into the surface of the member. The hole in the shearloading plate shall have a diameter 0.06 in. 6 0.03 in. 1.5 mm6 0.75 mm greater than the test anchor. The initial shape ofthe hole in the shear loading plate shall correspond to that ofthe anchor cr

33、oss section and shall be maintained throughout alltests. Worn or deformed holes shall be repaired. Hardenedinsert sleeves of the required diameter may be periodicallyinstalled in the shear loading plate to meet these requirements.A sheet of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), f

34、luorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), or perfluoro-alkoxy (PFA) of 0.020 6 0.004 in. 0.5 6 0.1 mm thicknessand corresponding to the area required according to Table 1shall be placed between the shear loading plate and the surfaceof the member.5.1.3 Anchor Displacement MeasurementFor anchor teststhat

35、require displacement measurements, the displacementmeasurements shall be made using LVDT device(s), dialgauges, or equivalent.E3121/E3121M 1725.1.3.1 Tension Test:(1) Single AnchorThe displacement measuring device(s)shall be positioned to measure the vertical movement of theanchors with respect to p

36、oints on the member in such a waythat the device is not influenced during the test by deflection orfailure of the anchor or member as shown in Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B,and Fig. 1C.(2) Group of AnchorsDisplacement measurements shallbe made on all anchors or group of anchors tested simultane-ously except that

37、 only one set of instruments needs to be usedfor a group of anchors tested as a closely spaced cluster.Displacement measurements as described in 5.1.3 includecomponents of deformation not directly associated with dis-placement of the anchor relative to the member. Includecomponents of deformation su

38、ch as elastic elongation of theloading rod anchor stem, deformation of the loading plate,sleeves, shims, attachment hardware, and local member mate-rial. Deduct all of the elongations from these sources from the(NOT TO SCALE)FIG. 1 A Typical Example of Unconfined Tension Test SetupDisplacement Measu

39、rement from Top of Anchor(NOT TO SCALE)FIG. 1 B Typical Example of Unconfined Tension Test SetupDisplacement Measurement with Dual LVDTs (continued)E3121/E3121M 173total displacement measurements by using supplementary mea-suring devices or calibration test data for the installed testset-up with rig

40、id specimen replacing the anchor to be tested.The displacement to be used for the evaluation of the findingsis the average displacement indicated by both instrumentsmounted symmetrically equidistant from the centroid of thecluster as shown in Fig. 3.5.1.3.2 Shear TestThe displacement measuring devic

41、e(s)shall be positioned to measure displacement in the direction ofthe applied load. The device shall be placed on the member toallow the sensing element to bear perpendicularly on theanchor or on a contact plate located on the shear loading plateas shown in Fig. 2 or other method that prevents extr

42、aneousdeflections. For tests on clusters of anchors, the instrumentshall lie on a plane through the axis of the shear loading rod orplate. An extension of the axis of the shear loading rod or plate(NOT TO SCALE)FIG. 1 C Typical Example of Confined Tension Test SetupAdhesive Anchor Shown (continued)F

43、IG. 2 Method of Applying Shear Loads to Anchors Attached to MembersTABLE 1 Shear Loading Plate Bearing Area as Function ofAnchor DiameterAnchor Diameterin. mmShear Loading Plate Contact Area,Ain.2cm22 51 40 260AShear loading plate contact area with PTFE or other friction-limiting material.E3121/E312

44、1M 174shall pass through the geometric centroid of the cluster ofanchors assuming anchors are the same size.6. Test Specimens6.1 Anchorage SystemIf not already installed, the anchor-age system shall be representative of the type to be used inconstruction and shall include all accessory hardware norm

45、allyrequired for its use, that is, all attachment hardware.6.2 Anchor InstallationIf not already installed, the an-chorage device shall be installed in accordance with theManufacturers Printed Installation Instructions (MPII), or,where specific deviation is justified, in accordance with goodfield me

46、thods.6.3 Anchor Test ConditionTest anchors in the confined orunconfined condition as specified in the test program.6.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, anchors to be tested toultimate load shall be tested in the unconfined condition withclearances to test equipment supports equal to or greater thantho

47、se given in Table 2.6.3.2 Anchors to be tested to a proof load shall be tested inthe confined condition unless otherwise specified. This pro-vides flexibility for situations where clearances for test equip-ment are limited by obstructions.6.4 Member:6.4.1 Existing Members in a StructureDocument them

48、ember type, size, dimensions, surface condition, age, andother relevant information about location where tests areperformed.6.4.2 Members Fabricated Specifically for TestingThemember shall be representative of the materials and configu-ration intended for field use. The member is not prohibitedfrom

49、being steel-reinforced. The location and orientation ofany reinforcement embedded in concrete or masonry membersshall be reported. The depth of the member shall be at least1.5 hefin thickness so long as the depth is suitable for normalinstallation of the anchor and does not result in prematurefailure of either the member or anchor, unless the specific testapplication requires a lesser thickness. The member will act asa beam if the spacing between reaction supports is greater thanthe thickness of the membe