ASTM E2771-2011e1 Standard Terminology for Homeland Security Applications《国土安全应用相关标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2771 111Standard Terminology forHomeland Security Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2771; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially transferred terms in January 2014.1. Scope1.1 This terminology provides definitions and abbreviationsof terms used in ASTM International standards p

3、ertaining tohomeland security applications.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-tics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Pla

4、stics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE2411 Specification for Chemical Warfare Vapor Detector(CWVD)E2639 Test Method for Blast Resistance of Trash Recep-taclesE2740 Specification for Trash Recepta

5、cles Subjected toBlast Resistance TestingE2831 Guide for Deployment of Blast Resistant Trash Re-ceptacles in Crowded Places2.2 Government Standards:DOD 4145.26 M Department of Defense: DOD ContractorsSafety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives33. Significance and Use3.1 In this terminology, definiti

6、ons used in other ASTMInternational standards are indicated by following the defini-tion with the designation of the subcommittee responsible forthat standard.4. Terminology4.1 Definitions:add-on, nin sensors and detectors for homeland securityapplications, any additional parts that provide tailorin

7、g of apersonal detectors functionality for specific applications.E2411alias, na false low-frequency component that appears whenreconstructing analog data that are sampled at an insufficientrate. E2639bare charge, nexplosive charge that is either not encased oris encased by a material, such as a card

8、board tube, that willnot produce primary fragments. E2740blast resistance, nfor purposes of this standard specification,the non-numerical attribute of a trash receptacle that isestablished when the results of explosive testing of thesubmitted specimens meet all performance requirementsgiven in this

9、specification. E2740, E2831blast resistant trash receptacle, na trash receptacle thatconforms to the requirements given in Specification E2411.E2831crowded places, npublic areas where groups of people mayconcentrate for a continuous or limited period of time.DISCUSSIONExamples of public areas that m

10、ay be crowded include:(1) buildings and related structures such as parkinggarages, including their access and egress points,(2) entertainment and event venues,(3) transportation terminals such as airports, train stations,and other public transportation stations,1This terminology is under the jurisdi

11、ction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E2771-11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact

12、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J.Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Ft. Belvoir, VA 23060-6128.Copyright ASTM Int

13、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(4) ticket counters, concession stands, retail stores, anddining establishments, and(5) pedestrian walkways, sidewalks, streets, alleys, parks,plazas, playgrounds, schoolyards or other similar areas. E283

14、1detonation, n(1) a violent chemical reaction within a chemi-cal compound or mechanical mixture resulting in heat andpressure; (2) a reaction that proceeds through the reactedmaterial toward the unreacted material at a supersonicvelocity.DISCUSSIONThe result of the chemical reaction is exertion ofex

15、tremely high pressure on the surrounding medium forming a propa-gating shock wave that is originally of supersonic velocity. DOD4145.26 Mexplosion, na chemical reaction of any chemical compound(or mechanical mixture) that, when initiated, undergoes avery rapid combustion or decomposition releasing l

16、argevolumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on thesurrounding medium. DOD 4145.26 Mexplosive, nany chemical compound (or mechanical mix-ture) that, when subjected to heat, impact, friction,detonation, or other suitable initiation, undergoes a veryrapid chemical change with the evolution o

17、f large volumesof highly heated gases that exert pressures in the surroundingmedium. DOD 4145.26 Mfireball, na highly luminous, intensely hot cloud of dust, gas,and or vapor generated by an explosion. E2639, E2831force protection, nnumerical level of blast resistance of atrash receptacle expressed i

18、n the mass of trinitrotoluene(TNT) explosive. E2740, E2831fragment, nsolid material propelled from an explosion as aresult of fragmentation. E2639, E2740, E2831primary fragment, na fragment produced from the explo-sive device itself. E2639, E2740, E2831secondary fragment, na fragment produced from t

19、hecontainer or environment where the container is placed; a pieceof receptacle broken off as a result of the charge beingdetonated inside of it. E2639, E2740, E2831fragmentation, nbreaking up of the confining material of achemical compound (or mechanical mixture) when an ex-plosion takes place. DOD

20、4145.26 Moverpressure, nthe pressure, exceeding the ambientpressure, manifested in the shock wave of an explosion.DOD 4145.26 Mpublic area, na space or place that is open and accessible toall people, regardless of whether it is publicly or privatelyowned. E2831rigid plastic, nfor purposes of general

21、 classification, aplastic that has a modulus of elasticity, either in flexure or intension, greater than 700 MPa (100 000 lbf/in2) at 23C(73F) and 50 % relative humidity when tested in accor-dance with Test Method D747, Test Methods D790, TestMethod D638, or Test Method D882. D883silhouette, na witn

22、ess panel that is constructed in theapproximate shape of a human. E2639, E2740trash receptacle, na public- or commercial-use refuse binthat holds discarded items until collected.DISCUSSIONThe capacity of a trash receptacle specimen subjectedto the test procedure described in this standard is typical

23、ly less than 200L (50 gal). E2639, E2740, E2831trash receptacle lid, na removable or hinged cover that fitsover the open hollow of the receptacle.DISCUSSIONA lid component is normally fitted to the configurationof the top opening of the trash receptacle and is manufactured by meansof a molding proce

24、ss using a rigid plastic having a relatively low tensileor flexural modulus, 1000 MPa (150 000 lbf/in.2) maximum. Thethickness of a section (for example, top) of a typical lid generally doesnot exceed 5 mm (316 in.). E2639, E2740trash receptacle liner, na removable lining that is providedwithin a tr

25、ash receptacle to retain liquids and fluid-likematerials that seep from trash.DISCUSSIONThis component is normally fitted to the configurationof the interior of the trash receptacle and is manufactured by means ofa molding process using a rigid plastic having a relatively low tensileor flexural modu

26、lus, 1000 MPa (150 000 lbf/in.2) maximum. The wallthickness of a typical liner generally does not exceed 5 mm (316 in.).E2639, E2740trash receptacle rubbish bag, na removable, replaceablecontainer that is provided within a trash receptacle to allowcollected trash (that is, rubbish) to be removed fro

27、m thereceptacle and moved to a disposal location.DISCUSSIONThis bag is normally of a volume capacity to fit theconfiguration of the interior of the trash receptacle. It is manufacturedfrom a plastic film generally having a thickness of less than 0.16 mm(0.006 in.). E2639, E2740witness panel, na flat

28、, rectangular sheet-constructionmounted upright within the explosion test arena for purposesof determining whether fragments are produced during thedetonation of the specimen. E2639, E27404.2 Abbreviations:GAnerve agentcommon name: tabun, IUPAC name:O-Ethyl N,N-dimethyl phosphoramidocyanidateGBnerve

29、 agentcommon name: sarin, IUPAC name:Propan-2-yl methylphosphonofluoridateGDnerve agentcommon name: soman, IUPAC name:3,3-Dimethylbutan-2-yl methylphosphonofluoridateGFnerve agentcommon name: cyclosarin, IUPAC name:Cyclohexyl methylphoshonofluoridateHDblister agentcommon name: distilled mustard, IUP

30、ACname: Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfideLblister agentcommon name: lewisite, IUPAC name:2-Chloroethenylarsonous dichloride5. Keywords5.1 decontamination; detection; homeland security; pre-parednessE2771 1112ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conne

31、ction with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsi

32、ble technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful co

33、nsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100

34、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E2771 1113