ASTM E2574 E2574M-2012a Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of School Bus Seat Assemblies 《校车座位组件防火测试的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation:E2574/E2574M12 Designation: E2574/E2574M 12aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Testing of School Bus Seat Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2574/E2574M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ado

2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method assesses the

3、 burning behavior of upholstered seating used in school buses by measuring specific fire-testresponses when a school bus seat specimen is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under normally ventilated conditions.1.3 The ignition source is a gas burner.1.4 This fire test is primarily usef

4、ul to distinguish products that, when exposed to an ignition source, will become fully involvedin fire from other products that will not.1.5 Data are obtained describing the burning behavior of the seat assemblies from a specific ignition source until all burninghas ceased.1.6 This test method does

5、not provide information on the fire performance of upholstered seating in fire conditions other thanthose conditions specified.1.7 The burning behavior is visually documented by photographic or video recordings, whenever possible.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be

6、 regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the

7、response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous.

8、 Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conductingthese tests.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health pract

9、ices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5132 Test Method for Horizontal Burning Rate of Polymeric Materials Used in Occupant Compartments of Motor VehiclesE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE1537 Test Method for Fire Testi

10、ng of Upholstered FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesE2061 Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of Rail Transportation VehiclesE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and AssembliesF15

11、50 Test Method for Determination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Components or Composites of Mattresses orFurniture for Use in Correctional Facilities after Exposure to Vandalism, by Employing a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric P

12、ractice2.2 National Safety Council Standard:3School bus seat upholstery fire block test, approved by the National Conference on School Transportation as part of theNational Standards for School Buses and National Standards for School Bus Operations1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM

13、Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.17 on Transportation.Current edition approved April 15,July 1, 2012. Published AprilAugust 2012. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112012asE2574/E2574M112. DOI: 10.1520/E2574_E2574M-12

14、A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from National Safety Council (NSC), 1121 Sprin

15、g Lake Dr., Itasca, IL 60143-3201, http:/www.nsc.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes ac

16、curately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United S

17、tates.2.3 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards:4FMVSS 222 School Bus Passenger Seating and Crash Protection, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Transportation,Subtitle B, Chapter V, Part 571, Subpart B.FMVSS 302 Flammability of Interior Material, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49

18、, Transportation, Subtitle B, ChapterV, Part 571, Subpart B2.4 NFPA Standard:5NFPA 286 Standard Method of Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method associated with fire issues, refer to

19、 the terminology contained inTerminology E176.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 screening test, nas related to fire, a fire-response test performed to determine whether a material, product, or assembly(a) exhibits any unusual fire-related characteristics, (b) has certain expected fire-related characteristics, o

20、r (c) is capable of beingpreliminarily categorized according to the fire characteristic in question.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 newspaper, nas related to this test method, standard size double sheets of newsprint, with black print and no coloredink or surface treatment.3

21、.3.2 paper bag, nas related to this test method, a bag constructed of unbleached (brown, #30) kraft paper having four sidesand a bottom, with an open top, and held together with adhesive.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A mock-up of a school bus is constructed with three rows of actual seats.4.2 A gas b

22、urner ignition source is used.4.3 Each test consists of two trials. In each trial a gas burner ignition source is placed at a specified location to ignite the middlerow of seats and is ignited.4.4 A different gas burner is used for the top of the seat and for the bottom of the seat.4.5 Once flame ex

23、tinction has occurred, the time to flame extinction, the extent of fire spread (within the seat and to the otherseats if applicable) and the mass loss of the seat are assessed.5. Significance and Use5.1 In this test method fire test response characteristics of a school bus seat assembly are assessed

24、 following ignition by a squaregas burner.5.2 This test method is similar in concept to a fire test currently used, and which has been in such use for many years, as theindustry standard for flammability testing of school bus seats (see Appendix X1). However, in this test method the paper bag hasbee

25、n replaced by a gas burner as the ignition source.5.3 The US federal government has issued a flammability test applicable to interior materials in road vehicles, FMVSS 302.FMVSS 302 remains the only regulatory test for assessing fire-test-response characteristics of school bus seats.5.4 ASTM has iss

26、ued Test Method D5132 in order to provide a more standardized way of conducting FMVSS 302.5.5 The test method described in this document provides a significantly higher challenge to school bus seats than the FMVSS302 federal regulatory test. Therefore, any seat assembly that performs acceptably in t

27、his test is likely to meet the requirementsof FMVSS 302.5.6 It is clear that those seat assemblies that exhibit little or no flame spread, short times to flame extinction and little mass lossin this test are likely to exhibit improved performance in an actual fire situation compared to seat assembli

28、es that burn vigorouslyand have high mass loss.5.7 This test is primarily useful to distinguish products that, when exposed to these fire conditions, will become fully involvedin fire from other products that will not.6. Apparatus: Test Chamber6.1 GeneralThe test chamber shall be either an actual se

29、ction of a school bus or it shall comply with the cross sectionrequirements of 6.2.2. Fig. 1 describes the test chamber.6.2 Cross Section:6.2.1 Use a test chamber that has the same cross section as the body of an actual school bus, in which the seats are intendedto be used, with a rear section on ea

30、ch end.6.2.2 The test chamber cross section shall be 2300 6 30 mm 91 6 1 in. in width by 1900 6 80 mm 75 6 3 in. in height.4Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Pa

31、rk, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.E2574/E2574M 12a26.3 The test chamber shall have a door, which is not intended for use to provide ventilation, in the center of each end of thetest chamber. The door shall be 970 6 80 mm 38 6 3 in. in width by 1270 6 80 mm 53 6 3 in. in height and it sha

32、ll includea latch to keep the door closed during the test. See Fig. 1.6.4 LengthThe length of the test chamber shall be such as to allow three rows of seats at the minimum spacing recommendedby the installer or as required by FMVSS 222. See Fig. 1, Detail A.6.4.1 In order for different types of seat

33、s to be able to be tested in the same chamber, a length tolerance of plus 1140 mm 45in. shall be allowed.6.5 VentilationThere shall be two ventilation openings in the test chamber, one at each end. Each opening shall have anopening area of 0.210 6 0.016 m2325 6 25 in.2. The bottom of the opening sha

34、ll be 760 6 80 mm 30 6 3 in. above thechamber floor.6.5.1 There shall be no ventilation openings along the length of the test chamber.6.5.2 There shall be no forced air ventilation system. Baffles shall be used to prevent wind from blowing directly into theventilation openings.6.6 Camera View AreaA

35、viewing area (such as an opening covered with a glazing material) shall be provided at the midpointof the chamber length for camera viewing. The opening shall allow the camera to view the seat parallel to the seat width. See Fig.1.7. Ignition Sources7.1 Top of the Seat:7.1.1 For the top of the seat

36、use the square gas burner described in Figs. 2-7.NOTE 1This is essentially the same burner used in Test Method E1537, except for the arm.7.1.2 Construct the 250 6 10 by 250 6 10 mm approximately 10 by 10 in. square burner of 13 6 1 mm 0.5 in. outsidediameter stainless steel tubing, with 0.89 6 0.05

37、mm 0.035 in. wall thickness (see Fig. 2). The front side shall have 14 holespointing straight out and spaced 13 6 1 mm 0.5 in. apart and nine holes pointing straight down and spaced 13 6 1 mm 0.5 in.apart. The right and left sides shall have six holes pointing straight out and spaced 13 6 1 mm 0.5 i

38、n. apart and four holes pointingFIG. 1 Test ChamberE2574/E2574M 12a3inward at a 45 angle and spaced 50 6 2 mm 2 in. apart. All holes shall be of 1 6 0.05 mm 0.039 in. diameter (see Fig. 2,Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). The burner shall have an arm 288 6 10 mm 11.3 6 0.4 in. long and welded on to the rear of th

39、e front side(see Fig. 3) at a 30 angle. The arm shall then include a vertical length before extending horizontally for a length appropriate forthe stand being used (see Figs. 5-7). Mount the burner on an adjustable height pole at a height of 460 6 13 mm 18 6 0.5 in.and balance it by a counterweight

40、or other appropriate mechanism (see Fig. 4).NOTE 2WarningIt is common for the burner holes to become clogged up following a test. Inspect burner holes after each test, and cleanthoroughly, if required. Take care not to enlarge the holes when cleaning them.7.2 Under the Seat:7.2.1 For use underneath

41、the seat the ignition source shall be a gas burner with a nominal 305 by 305 mm nominal 12 by 12in. porous top surface as shown in Fig. 8. This material, through which the gas is supplied, shall be a minimum 102 mm 4 in.layer of white Ottawa sand used to provide the horizontal surface through which

42、the gas is supplied.NOTE 3This is the same burner used in Test Method E2257 and in NFPA 286.7.2.2 The top surface of the burner through which the gas is applied shall be located horizontally 300 6 50 mm 12 6 2 in.above the floor.7.3 For both ignition sources use propane gas, with a known net heat of

43、 combustion of 2050 6 50 kJ/mol, as a fuel for thisignition source. Meter the flow rate of propane and keep it constant throughout the test.7.4 For both ignition sources, use the gas burner at a flow rate of 19.5 6 0.25 L/min for a total of 120 s. Measure the gas flowrate at a pressure of 101 6 5 kP

44、a (standard atmospheric pressure, measured at the flow gage) and a temperature of 20 6 5C.8. Mass Measurements8.1 Use a balance that is capable of assessing the mass of the test specimen and of the individual test specimen components witha precision of 6150 g.NOTE 1All tubing 13 mm outside diameter,

45、 stainless steel, 0.89 mmwall thickness.NOTE 2All holes 1 mm in diameter.NOTE 3All units are mm unless otherwise noted.NOTE 4See text for tolerances.FIG. 2 Plan View of Square Gas BurnerE2574/E2574M 12a48.2 Calibrate the balance regularly to ensure its accuracy.9. Test Specimens9.1 The test specimen

46、 shall be a fully-assembled seat.9.2 Measure the weight of all padding and upholstery prior to assembly.FIG. 3 Side View of Square Gas BurnerFIG. 4 Cross-sectional View of Each Side of Square Gas BurnerFIG. 5 Top Burner Placement Side ViewE2574/E2574M 12a59.3 Measure the weight of the non-combustibl

47、e components of the seat (steel frame, etc.). Record this weight.9.4 Record the weight of the fully-assembled seat. This shall be done in one of two ways: (a) weighing the complete seatassembly or (b) weighing each component separately and calculating the total weight by summing the weight of each o

48、f theFIG. 6 Top Burner Placement Rear ViewFIG. 7 Top Burner Placement Front ViewFIG. 8 Ignition Burner for Use Under SeatE2574/E2574M 12a6combustible and non-combustible components.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Prior to running each trial, ensure that the test chamber is clean and free of debris.

49、11. Conditioning11.1 Condition specimens to equilibrium (constant weight) at an ambient temperature of 23 6 3C 73 6 5F and a relativehumidity of 50 6 5 % for a period of 24 h prior to the test.12. Procedure12.1 Install three rows of seats in the test chamber. The spacing between seat rows shall be the minimum spacing recommendedby the installer or the spacing required by FMVSS 222. The exact spacing between rows shall be reported.12.2 Seats shall be perpendicular to the dimension indicated as “length” in F