ASTM E2484-2008(2015) Standard Specification for Multi-Story Building External Evacuation Controlled Descent Devices《多层建筑外部疏散可控制下降装置的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2484 08 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forMulti-Story Building External Evacuation Controlled DescentDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements,performance, design, marking instructions, test methods

3、 andancillary components of Multi-Story Building External Evacu-ation Controlled Descent Device (CDD) systems for emer-gency escape of persons who cannot use the standard exitfacilities in multi-story buildings, defines requirements fortheir installation, periodic maintenance when installed andinstr

4、uctions for their use.1.2 This specification does not apply to personal escapeparachutes, rope, chain ladders or rappelling devices.1.3 This specification does not apply to ancillary compo-nents used with and included in CDD systems, harnesses,connecting hardware, signage, special evacuation opening

5、s,personal protection equipment or devices and other compo-nents used on CDD systems which may be installed, purchasedor used in accordance with the requirements specified herein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstanda

6、rd.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Reference

7、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusE488/E488M Test Methods for Strength of Anchors inConcrete ElementsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE894 Test Method for Anchorage of Permanent Metal Rail-ing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE1512 Test Metho

8、ds for Testing Bond Performance ofBonded AnchorsE2265 Terminology for Anchors and Fasteners in Concreteand Masonry2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z359.1 Fall Arrest System ComponentsANSI/AWS D, 14.4 Specification for Welded Joints in ma-chinery and Equipment2.3 ASCE Standard:4ASCE 1-05 Minimum Design Loads

9、 for Buildings and OtherStructures2.4 ASME Standard:5ASME A120 Safety Requirements for Powered Platformsfor Building Maintenance2.5 International Standards:CSA-Z259.10 Full Body Harness, M906CSA-Z259.2.3-99 Descent Control Devices6EN 292-1:1991 Basic Design Concepts and general Prin-ciples of Design

10、 for Safety Machinery7EN 362 Connectors and Attachment Hardware7EN 1497 Rescue Equipment-Rescue Harness7EN 1498 Rescue Equipment Class B-Rescue Harness7EN 1891 Personal Protective Equipment7PrEN 341:2002 Personal Protective Equipment for Protec-tion Against Falls from Height72.6 ISO Standards:8ISO 9

11、002 Quality Management and Manufacturing QualityAssurance1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.77on High Rise Building External Evacuation Devices.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Publi

12、shed June 2015. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2484 - 08. DOI:10.1520/E2484-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref

13、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.

14、asce.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.7Available fr

15、om European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.8Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr

16、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ISO 10333-5 Connectors and Attachment Hardware2.7 NEMA Standard:9NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment2.8 NFPA Standard:10NFPA 130 Appendix B 2.1.1 and B 2.1.22.9 OSHA Document:11OSHA Safety and Health Bulletin, SHIB

17、02-24-2004 Sus-pension Trauma/Orthostatic Intolerance2.10 UL Standard:12UL 1523 Controlled Descent Devices for Marine Use, 9, 15,16, 17 and 183. Terminology3.1 See Terminology E631 for definitions of general con-cepts related to building construction.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standar

18、d:3.2.1 anchoragethe physical weight bearing attachmentof a CDD, rescue line or any part of a CDD system, to abuilding including the attachment of rails or tracks.3.2.2 controlled descent device, (CDD) systema systemthat lowers one or two people per descent, at a controlled rateof descent, with each

19、 person wearing a rescue harness, on theoutside of a building, from an upper level to the ground orother safe location.3.2.2.1 automatic controlled descent devicea CDD thatprovides automatic control of the rate of descent without anyaction required of the user.3.2.2.2 automatic controlled descent de

20、vice, with manualoverridea CDD that provides automatic control of the rate ofdescent with a manual override capability which gives the userthe ability to slow or stop the descent.3.2.2.3 controlled descent device (CDD)a device that is anintegral part of all CDD systems, which controls the rate ofdes

21、cent.3.2.3 descent rail or trackload bearing assemblies onwhich CDDs are mounted, inserted or attached and secured.Descent rails and tracks are components of CDD systems thatare pre-installed on the outside of buildings and joined togetherin sections on which specially designed CDDs are supporteddur

22、ing controlled descent.3.2.4 dynamic loadthe dynamic load that results fromfree-fall, expressed in Kilo Newton that must be supported bythe CDD, rescue line, rail, track, connector, connectionhardware, mounts and anchors.3.2.5 force limitera mechanism that limits the force on theuser, rescue line, r

23、ail or track and all in line, load bearing CDDsystem components and parts to a specific value duringdeceleration.3.2.6 free falluncontrolled descent.3.2.7 hazard and safety assessmentthe process, involvinghazard and safety evaluation, to determine that the safety andhealth hazards associated with th

24、e installation and use of aCDD system are acceptable.3.2.8 maximum rated heightthe highest elevation fromwhich a specific CDD may be used.3.2.9 multiple rescue CDD systema CDD system capableof multiple rescues using multiple, one time rescue CDDs anda descent rail or track.3.2.10 one time rescue CDD

25、a CDD system or CDD that iscapable of only one rescue descent.3.2.11 rated loadthe weight of the person or personsbeing rescued including items worn or carried. The weights ofsystem component parts that descend are not included in therated load.3.2.11.1 maximum rated loadthe heaviest weight of thepe

26、rson or persons, being rescued, including items worn orcarried that must result in a controlled descent, within therequired rate of descent limits.3.2.11.2 minimum rated loadthe lightest weight of aperson, including items worn or carried that must result in acontrolled descent, within the required r

27、ate of descent limits.3.2.12 re-certificationthe process by which the manufac-turer or their representative repairs or refurbishes CDDsystems, and approves them for additional use.3.2.13 repetitive rescue CDDa CDD system or CDD thatis capable of being returned to the site of descent initiation andus

28、ed repetitively.3.2.14 rescue harnessan adjustable human body holdingdevice or harness assembly, which supports the pelvis and thetorso.3.2.14.1 integral rescue harnessa rescue harness is anintegral part of a descending CDD system.3.2.14.2 separate rescue harnessa rescue harness is aseparate compone

29、nt of the CDD system that connects to arescue line or the CDD.3.2.15 rescue linea flexible cable or rope that is used tosupport individuals during descent.3.2.15.1 anchored rescue linea rescue line that is an-chored at the descent initiation location and is dispensed fromor passes through a descendi

30、ng CDD.3.2.15.2 descending rescue linea rescue line that is dis-pensed from or passes through a CDD that is anchored at thedescent initiation location.3.2.16 special evacuation openinga pre-installed specialor modified window or door that can be opened to allow accessto the outside of a building dur

31、ing an emergency.3.2.17 static loadthe specified steady state load, expressedin Kilo Newton that must be supported by the CDD, rescueline, rail, track, connector, connection hardware, mounts andanchors.3.2.18 suspended trauma syndromea sometimes fatal con-dition caused by blood pooling when the legs

32、 are kept9Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.10Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.11Available from Occupational

33、Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.12Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.E2484 08 (2015)2motionless in the vertical downward position during the periodof suspension

34、 in some types of harnesses.3.2.19 total descent energyThe total descent energy W,expressed in Joules is the energy that must be dissipated by aCDD during use. It is equal to the product of the descent load(m) multiplied by the acceleration of gravity, (g) times theheight of the descent, (h) times t

35、he number of cycles, (n); W5m3g3h3n3.2.19.1 DiscussionTotal descent energy manifests as heatenergy that must be dissipated by CDD systems during use andis a critical parameter that must be accounted for in the thermaldesign of each system according to its Class and its maximumrated height.4. Signifi

36、cance and Use4.1 PurposeThis standard defines the design, materials,physical properties, operation and testing requirements forCDD systems, for use as a last resort for the externalevacuation of people from multi-story buildings.4.2 Test RequirementsThe test requirements contained inSection 16 are f

37、or the purpose of design verification andcertification, that CDD Systems comply with the requirementsof this standard. Each manufacturer, in concert with the testingauthority shall develop detailed test plans and procedures,based on the requirements of Section 16.4.3 Test and Inspection Documentatio

38、nAll tests and in-spections shall be fully documented and retained by the testingauthority and the manufacturer.4.4 Installation, Instruction and Periodic MaintenanceThis standard also defines requirements for the installation,instruction of those intending to use the CDDs and periodicmaintenance of

39、 installed CDD systems.4.5 Hazard and Risk AnalysisThe standard also includesrequirements for hazard and risk analysis.5. CDD Classification5.1 Type designates automatic control or automatic controlwith manual override capability and indicates whether or not aforce limiter is employed.5.2 Grade desi

40、gnates storage or permanent mounting of theCDD System or its components on the inside or outside of abuilding.5.3 Class designates CDD Systems with one time rescue,repetitive rescue or multiple rescue capability, with the maxi-mum rated load capability for one person or for two people perdescent.NOT

41、E 1The maximum rated height of a given CDD is a function ofthe specific Class of the CDD system, its total descent energy dissipationcapability and the length of the rescue line, etc. The manufacturer shalldefine the maximum rated height for each of their specific CDD systemsin compliance with the r

42、equirements of sections 8.7 through 8.7.10.5.4 Classification by TypeEach CDD system and itsCDDs shall be designed for use with rescue lines, with descentrails or with descent tracks.Type designates CDD systems withautomatic descent control, automatic descent control withmanual override capability a

43、nd whether force limiters are orare not employed.5.4.1 Type IAutomatic descent control CDD system.5.4.2 Type IIAutomatic descent control CDD system,which employ a force limiter.5.4.3 Type IIIAutomatic descent control CDD system,with manual override capability.5.4.4 Type IVAutomatic descent control C

44、DD system,with manual override capability that employs a force limiter.5.5 Classification by GradeClassification by grade iden-tifies CDD systems, CDDs, and component parts of CDDsystems that are stored or installed inside or outside ofbuildings.5.5.1 Grade 1A CDD system designed for storage orinsta

45、llation outside of a building.5.5.2 Grade 2A CDD system designed for storage orinstallation inside of a building.5.5.3 Grade 3A CDD system designed for the storage orinstallation of some components or parts of the system on theinside and some stored or installed on the outside of a building.5.6 Clas

46、sification by ClassClassification by class definesCDD systems with anchored CDDs and descending rescuelines, anchored rescue lines with descending CDDs, repetitiveor one-time rescue descent CDDs, one person or two personrescue capability, CDDs that are used on rails or tracks, and themaximum rated l

47、oad.NOTE 2Classes I and J CDD systems shall be limited to the ratedheight of 35 m, reference sections 8.7.9 and 8.7.10.6. Ordering Information6.1 CDD systems may be purchased by individual apart-ment or high-rise Condo dwellers and families, multi-storyTABLE 1 CDD Systems by ClassClassAnchoredCDDAnc

48、horedRescue LineRailsor TracksRepetitiveRescuesOne TimeRescueNumberper DescentMaximumRated LoadA X X 1 135 kgB X X 1 or 2 180 kgCX X 1 135 kgDX X 1 or 2 180 kgE X X 1 135 kgF X X 1 or 2 180 kgG X X 1 135 kgH X X 1 or 2 180 kgI X or X X 1 135 kgJ X or X X 1 or 2 180 kgE2484 08 (2015)3building busines

49、s tenants; for their employees and multi-storybuilding owners or others requiring a last resort means ofevacuation. These systems may be ordered by Type, Grade andClass, based on the requirements of the purchaser. The selec-tion of CDD systems may be based on any combination ofType, Grade and Class, in order to achieve the requiredcapability.6.2 Height of UseThe height of intended use, based on thepurchasers requirements, must be specified for each CDDsystem and CDD purchased.6.3 AssistanceThe CDD system manufactur