ASTM E2484-2006 Standard Specification for High-Rise Building External Evacuation Controlled Descent Devices《超高层建筑物外部疏散缓降器的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2484 06Standard Specification forHigh-Rise Building External Evacuation Controlled DescentDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements, perfor-mance, design, marking instructions, test methods and ancil-lary

3、 components of High-Rise Building External EvacuationControlled Descent Device (CDD) systems for emergencyescape of persons who cannot use the standard exit facilities inhigh-rise buildings, defines requirements for their installation,periodic maintenance when installed and instructions for theiruse

4、.1.2 This specification does not apply to personal escapeparachutes, rope, chain ladders or rappelling devices.1.3 This specification does not apply to ancillary compo-nents used with and included in CDD systems, harnesses,connecting hardware, signage, special evacuation openings,personal protection

5、 equipment or devices and other compo-nents used on CDD systems which may be installed, purchasedor used in accordance with the requirements specified herein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, i

6、f any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) A

7、pparatusE 488 Test Methods for Strength of Anchors in Concreteand Masonry ElementsE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 894 Test Method for Anchorage of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE 1512 Test Methods for Testing Bond Performance ofBonded AnchorsE 2265 Terminology fo

8、r Anchors and Fasteners in Concreteand Masonry2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI Z359.1 Fall Arrest System Components3ANSI/AWS D, 14.4 Specification for Welded Joints inmachinery and Equipment32.3 ASCE Standard:ASCE 1-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures42.4 ASME Standard:ASME A120 Safety

9、Requirements for Powered Platformsfor Building Maintenance52.5 International Standards:CSA-Z259.10 Full Body Harness, M906CSA-Z259.2.3-99 Descent Control Devices6EN 292-1:1991 Basic Design Concepts and general Prin-ciples of Design for Safety Machinery7EN 362 Connectors and Attachment Hardware7EN 14

10、97 Rescue Equipment-Rescue Harness7EN 1498 Rescue Equipment Class B-Rescue Harness7EN 1891 Personal Protective Equipment7PrEN 341:2002 Personal Protective Equipment for Protec-tion Against Falls from Height72.6 ISO Standards:ISO 9002 Quality Management and Manufacturing QualityAssurance8ISO 10333-5

11、Connectors and Attachment Hardware82.7 NEMA Standard:NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment91This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.77on High Rise Building External Evacuation Devices.Cu

12、rrent edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.

13、3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engin

14、eers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.7Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue deS

15、tassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.8Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.9Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suit

16、e 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.8 NFPA Standard:NFPA 130 Appendix B 2.1.1 and B 2.1.2102.9 OSHA Document:OSHA Safety and Health Bulletin, SHIB 02-24-2004 Suspension Trau

17、ma/Orthostatic Intolerance112.10 UL Standard:UL 1523 Controlled Descent Devices for Marine Use, 9, 15,16, 17 and 18123. Terminology3.1 See Terminology E 631 for definitions of general con-cepts related to building construction.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 high-rise buildi

18、ngsany building that is 35 m, ormore in height.NOTE 1CDD systems specified by this standard may be used fromany floor or the roof of a high-rise building.3.2.2 controlled descent device, (CDD) systema systemthat lowers one or two people per descent, at a controlled rateof descent, with each person w

19、earing a rescue harness, on theoutside of a building, from an upper level to the ground orother safe location.3.2.2.1 controlled descent device (CDD)a device that isan integral part of all CDD systems, which controls the rate ofdescent.3.2.2.2 automatic controlled descent devicea CDD thatprovides au

20、tomatic control of the rate of descent without anyaction required of the user.3.2.2.3 automatic controlled descent device, with manualoverridea CDD that provides automatic control of the rate ofdescent with a manual override capability which gives the userthe ability to slow or stop the descent.3.2.

21、3 force limitera mechanism that limits the force on theuser, rescue line, rail or track and all in line, load bearing CDDsystem components and parts to a specific value duringdeceleration.3.2.4 one time rescue CDDa CDD system or CDD that iscapable of only one rescue descent.3.2.5 repetitive rescue C

22、DDa CDD system or CDD that iscapable of being returned to the site of descent initiation andused repetitively.3.2.6 multiple rescue CDD systema CDD system capableof multiple rescues using multiple, one time rescue CDDs anda descent rail or track.3.2.7 rescue harnessan adjustable human body holdingde

23、vice or harness assembly, which supports the pelvis and thetorso.3.2.7.1 separate rescue harnessa rescue harness is aseparate component of the CDD system that connects to arescue line or the CDD.3.2.7.2 integral rescue harnessa rescue harness is anintegral part of a descending CDD system.3.2.8 rescu

24、e linea flexible cable or rope that is used tosupport individuals during descent.3.2.8.1 anchored rescue linea rescue line that is anchoredat the descent initiation location and is dispensed from orpasses through a descending CDD.3.2.8.2 descending rescue linea rescue line that is dis-pensed from or

25、 passes through a CDD that is anchored at thedescent initiation location.3.2.9 descent rail or trackload bearing assemblies onwhich CDDs are mounted, inserted or attached and secured.Descent rails and tracks are components of CDD systems thatare pre-installed on the outside of buildings and joined t

26、ogetherin sections on which specially designed CDDs are supportedduring controlled descent.3.2.10 special evacuation openinga pre-installed specialor modified window or door that can be opened to allow accessto the outside of a building during an emergency.3.2.11 rated loadthe weight of the person o

27、r personsbeing rescued including items worn or carried. The weights ofsystem component parts that descend are not included in therated load.3.2.11.1 minimum rated loadthe lightest weight of aperson, including items worn or carried that must result in acontrolled descent, within the required rate of

28、descent limits.3.2.11.2 maximum rated loadthe heaviest weight of theperson or persons, being rescued, including items worn orcarried that must result in a controlled descent, within therequired rate of descent limits.3.2.12 anchoragethe physical weight bearing attachmentof a CDD, rescue line or any

29、part of a CDD system, to abuilding including the attachment of rails or tracks.3.2.13 maximum rated heightthe highest elevation fromwhich a specific CDD may be used.3.2.14 total descent energyThe total descent energy W,expressed in Joules is the energy that must be dissipated by aCDD during use. It

30、is equal to the product of the descent load(m) multiplied by the acceleration of gravity, (g) times theheight of the descent, (h) times the number of cycles, (n);W 5 m 3 g 3 h 3 n3.2.14.1 DiscussionTotal descent energy manifests asheat energy that must be dissipated by CDD systems during useand is a

31、 critical parameter that must be accounted for in thethermal design of each system according to its Class and itsmaximum rated height.3.2.15 static loadthe specified steady state load, ex-pressed in Kilo Newton that must be supported by the CDD,rescue line, rail, track, connector, connection hardwar

32、e, mountsand anchors.3.2.16 dynamic loadthe dynamic load that results fromfree-fall, expressed in Kilo Newton that must be supported bythe CDD, rescue line, rail, track, connector, connection hard-ware, mounts and anchors.3.2.17 free falluncontrolled descent.3.2.18 suspended trauma syndromea sometim

33、es fatalcondition caused by blood pooling when the legs are keptmotionless in the vertical downward position during the periodof suspension in some types of harnesses.10Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.11Availab

34、le from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.12Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.E24840623.2.19 re-certificationthe process by which the manufac-ture

35、r or their representative repairs or refurbishes CDD sys-tems, and approves them for additional use.3.2.20 hazard and safety assessmentthe process, involv-ing hazard and safety evaluation, to determine that the safetyand health hazards associated with the installation and use of aCDD system are acce

36、ptable.4. Significance and Use4.1 PurposeThis standard defines the design, materials,physical properties, operation and testing requirements forCDD systems, for use as a last resort for the externalevacuation of people from high-rise buildings.4.2 Test RequirementsThe test requirements contained inS

37、ection 16 are for the purpose of design verification andcertification, that CDD Systems comply with the requirementsof this standard. Each manufacturer, in concert with the testingauthority shall develop detailed test plans and procedures,based on the requirements of Section 16.4.3 Test and Inspecti

38、on DocumentationAll tests and in-spections shall be fully documented and retained by the testingauthority and the manufacturer.4.4 Installation, Instruction and Periodic MaintenanceThis standard also defines requirements for the installation,instruction of those intending to use the CDDs and periodi

39、cmaintenance of installed CDD systems.4.5 Hazard and Risk AnalysisThe standard also includesrequirements for hazard and risk analysis.5. CDD Classification5.1 Type designates automatic control or automatic controlwith manual override capability and indicates whether or not aforce limiter is employed

40、.5.2 Grade designates storage or permanent mounting of theCDD System or its components on the inside or outside of abuilding.5.3 Class designates CDD Systems with one time rescue,repetitive rescue or multiple rescue capability, with the maxi-mum rated load capability for one person or for two people

41、 perdescent.NOTE 2The maximum rated height of a given CDD is a function ofthe specific Class of the CDD system, its total descent energy dissipationcapability and the length of the rescue line, etc. The manufacturer shalldefine the maximum rated height for each of their specific CDD systemsin compli

42、ance with the requirements of sections 8.7 through 8.7.10.5.4 Classification by TypeEach CDD system and itsCDDs shall be designed for use with rescue lines, with descentrails or with descent tracks. Type designates CDD systems withautomatic descent control, automatic descent control withmanual overr

43、ide capability and whether force limiters are orare not employed.5.4.1 Type IAutomatic descent control CDD system.5.4.2 Type IIAutomatic descent control CDD system,which employ a force limiter.5.4.3 Type IIIAutomatic descent control CDD system,with manual override capability.5.4.4 Type IVAutomatic d

44、escent control CDD system,with manual override capability that employs a force limiter.5.5 Classification by GradeClassification by grade iden-tifies CDD systems, CDDs, and component parts of CDDsystems that are stored or installed inside or outside ofbuildings.5.5.1 Grade 1A CDD system designed for

45、 storage orinstallation outside of a building.5.5.2 Grade 2A CDD system designed for storage orinstallation inside of a building.5.5.3 Grade 3A CDD system designed for the storage orinstallation of some components or parts of the system on theinside and some stored or installed on the outside of a b

46、uilding.5.6 Classification by ClassClassification by class definesCDD systems with anchored CDDs and descending rescuelines, anchored rescue lines with descending CDDs, repetitiveor one-time rescue descent CDDs, one person or two personrescue capability, CDDs that are used on rails or tracks, and th

47、emaximum rated load.NOTE 3Classes I and J CDD systems shall be limited to the ratedheight of 35 m, reference sections 8.7.9 and 8.7.10.6. Ordering Information6.1 CDD systems may be purchased by individual apart-ment or high-rise Condo dwellers and families, high-risebuilding business tenants; for th

48、eir employees and high-risebuilding owners or others requiring a last resort means ofevacuation. These systems may be ordered by Type, Grade andClass, based on the requirements of the purchaser. The selec-tion of CDD systems may be based on any combination ofType, Grade and Class, in order to achiev

49、e the requiredcapability.TABLE 1 CDD Systems by ClassClassAnchoredCDDAnchoredRescue LineRailsor TracksRepetitiveRescuesOne TimeRescueNumberper DescentMaximumRated LoadA X X 1 135 kgB X X 1 or 2 180 kgCX X 1 135 kgDX X 1 or 2 180 kgE X X 1 135 kgF X X 1 or 2 180 kgG X X 1 135 kgH X X 1 or 2 180 kgI X or X X 1 135 kgJ X or X X 1 or 2 180 kgE24840636.2 Height of UseThe height of intended use, based on thepurchasers requirements, must be specified for each CDDsystem and CDD purchased.6.3 AssistanceThe CDD system manufa