ASTM E2381-2004 Standard Guide for Dosimetry In Radiation Processing of Fluidized Beds and Fluid Streams《液化床和液体流的辐射处理的剂量测定法的标准指南》.pdf
《ASTM E2381-2004 Standard Guide for Dosimetry In Radiation Processing of Fluidized Beds and Fluid Streams《液化床和液体流的辐射处理的剂量测定法的标准指南》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E2381-2004 Standard Guide for Dosimetry In Radiation Processing of Fluidized Beds and Fluid Streams《液化床和液体流的辐射处理的剂量测定法的标准指南》.pdf(9页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 2381 04An American National StandardStandard Guide forDosimetry In Radiation Processing of Fluidized Beds andFluid Streams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes several dosimetry systems andmethods suitable for the documentation o
3、f the irradiation ofproduct transported as fluid or in a fluidized bed.1.2 The sources of penetrating ionizing radiation included inthis guide are electron beams, x-rays (bremsstrahlung) andgamma rays.1.3 Absorbed doses from 10 to 100,000 gray are considered,including applications such as disinfesta
4、tion, disinfection,bioburden reduction, sterilization, crosslinking and graft modi-fication of products, particularly powders and aggregates.1.4 This guide does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with the use of fluidized beds andstreams incorporating sources of ionizing r
5、adiation. It is theresponsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and to determine compliance withregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurementsand DosimetryE 666 Practi
6、ce for CalculatingAbsorbed Dose from Gammaor X-RadiationE 1026 Practice for Using the Fricke Reference StandardDosimetry SystemE 2232 Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Math-ematical Methods for Calculating Absorbed Dose in Ra-diation Processing ApplicationsF 1355 Standard Guide for Irradiation
7、 of Fresh Fruits forInsect Disinfestation and as a Quarantine TreatmentF 1885 Guide for the Irradiation of Dried Spices, Herbs andVegetable Seasonings to Control Pathogens and OtherMicroorganisms2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:51204 Standard Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irradia-tion Facilities for Food Pr
8、ocessing51261 Guide for Selection and Calibration of DosimetrySystems for Radiation Processing51275 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film DosimetrySystem51310 Practice for the Use of a Radiochromic OpticalWaveguide Dosimetry Systems51400 Practice for Characterization and Performance of aHigh-Dose
9、Radiation Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory51431 Practice for Dosimetry in Electron and X-Ray(Bremsstrahlung) Irradiation Facilities for Food Process-ing51538 Practice for Use of the Ethanol-Chlorobenzene Do-simetry System51540 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Liquid Dosim-etry System51607 Practice
10、 for Use of the Alanine-EPR DosimetrySystem51608 Practice for Dosimetry in an X-Ray (Bremsstrahl-ung) Facility for Radiation Processing51649 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facilityfor Radiation Processing at Energies between 300 keV and25 MeV51702 Practice for Dosimetry in a Gamma Irradi
11、ation Fa-cility for Radiation Processing51707 Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry forRadiation Processing51818 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facilityfor Radiation Processing at Energies Between 80 and 300keV51956 Practice forApplication of Thermoluminescence Do-simetry (TLD)
12、 Systems for Radiation Processing2.3 International Commission on Radiation Units andMeasurements Reports3ICRU Report 14 Radiation Dosimetry: X-Rays and GammaRays with Maximum Photon Energies Between 0.6 and 50MeVICRU Report 17 Radiation Dosimetry: X-Rays Generatedat Potentials of 5 to 150 kV1This gu
13、ide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on NuclearTechnology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE10.01 on Dosimetry for Radiation Processing.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
14、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measure-ments, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 800, Bet
15、hesda, MD, 20814,USA1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ICRU Report 30 International Comparison of RadiologicalUnits and Measurements: Quantitative Concepts and Do-simetry in RadiobiologyICRU Report 34 The Dosimetry of Pu
16、lsed RadiationICRU Report 35 Radiation Dosimetry: Electron Beamswith Energies Between 1 and 50 MeVICRU Report 37 Stopping Powers for Electrons andPositronsICRU Report 60 Fundamental Quantities and Units forIonizing Radiation2.4 National Committee for Radiation ProtectionNCRP Report 69 Dosimetry of X
17、-Ray and Gamma-RayBeams for Radiation Therapy in the Energy Range 10 keVto 50 MeV3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Absorbed dose Dquantity of ionizing radiation en-ergy imparted per unit mass of a specified material. The SI unitof absorbed dose is the gray (Gy), where 1 gray is equivalentto the ab
18、sorption of 1 joule per kilogram of the specifiedmaterial (1 Gy=1Jkg-1). The mathematical relationship fordose is the quotient of de by dm, where de is the meanincremental energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter ofincremental mass dm (see ICRU 60).3.1.1.1 Discussiondiscontinued unit for abso
19、rbed dose isthe rad (1 rad = 0.01 Gy).Absorbed dose is sometimes referredto simply as dose.3.1.2 Absorbed dose mappingmeasurement of absorbeddose within a process stream using dosimeters transported atspecified locations to produce a one or two-dimensionaldistribution of absorbed dose, thus renderin
20、g a map ofabsorbed-dose values.3.1.3 Absorbed dose rateabsorbed dose in a material perincremental time interval, i.e. the quotient of dD by dt (seeICRU 60) Unit: Gy s-13.1.3.1 Discussionabsorbed dose rate can be specified interms of the average value of dD by dt over long-time intervals,for example,
21、 in units of Gy min-1or Gy h-13.1.4 Areal densitythickness of an object normalized bydensity. The SI unit is kg m-2.3.1.4.1 Discussionthe abbreviation gsm is also used inreferring to areal density in grams per square meter in sometechnical literature.3.1.5 Bed controltechnique used for determining t
22、he flu-idized bed thickness and maintaining it between the limitsrequired for controlled application of the process.3.1.6 Bed thicknesstotal thickness of the fluidized bed,which includes the product being processed and the carriermedium, both normalized by density. The SI unit is kg. m-2.3.1.6.1 Dis
23、cussionthickness is typically quoted in g. m-2due to its numerical equivalence to thickness in micrometersfor unit density matter.3.1.7 Bremsstrahlungbroad-spectrum electromagnetic ra-diation (X-rays) emitted when an energetic electron is influ-enced by strong electric field or magnetic field such a
24、s that inthe vicinity of an atomic nucleus.3.1.7.1 Discussionbremsstrahlung is produced when anelectron beam strikes any material (converter). Thebremsstrahlung spectrum depends on the electron energy, theconverter material and its thickness, and contains energies upto the maximum kinetic energy of
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