ASTM E2335-2008 Standard Guide for Laboratory Monitors《实验室监测的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2335 08An American National StandardStandard Guide forLaboratory Monitors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2335; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide is for use by laboratory monitors who observe interlaboratory testing performed byparticipating organizations that validate the l

3、egitimacy of test methods and also establish a base of datafrom which precision and bias statements are to be written. Interlaboratory testing is done to determinethe validity of a test standard. Such testing requires diligence by adhering to the protocol establishedfor performing the test in order

4、to minimize variability which often exists between laboratories.Because laboratories differ in size, organization, management, personnel, facilities and environmentthere is always a potential for introducing variability in test results.Laboratory monitors confirm that the participating facilities ad

5、here to the test protocol as closely aspossible, thereby improving the chances of a successful interlaboratory study. The laboratory monitorobserves and assesses but does not perform the functions of an auditor or trainer; the laboratorymonitor does not provide accreditation of a laboratory. Laborat

6、ory monitors should demonstrateexpertise in both the content and the intent of the test method. The laboratory monitor is responsibleto render a report to the appointing subcommittee. It is incumbent upon the laboratory monitor tomaintain objectivity when working with participating laboratories.Full

7、-scale product fire tests are expensive, especially full-scale tests of bedding and homefurnishings. The development of this standard is intended to ensure that the precision and biasdeveloped for E05 standards demonstrates a high level of statistical validity.This guide does not contain procedures

8、for analysis of the test data obtained from an interlaboratorystudy. The user is directed to Practice E 691, if the laboratory study includes six laboratories or more,and to Practice E 2653 if the number of laboratories in the interlaboratory study is at least three, butless than six.Using a laborat

9、ory monitor as part of an interlaboratory test program is optional. However, if amonitor is used, all of the laboratories in the project are to be included.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides a general outline, for use by alaboratory monitor, to assess the qualifications of a laboratorywhich has request

10、ed to participate in a specific ASTM inter-laboratory test.1.2 The preliminary assessment is based on observationsmade before initiation of any interlaboratory tests.1.3 The subcommittee, which appoints the laboratory moni-tor, specifies the minimum requirements which an organizationshould meet to q

11、ualify as a participant for the interlaboratorytest. If a pretest is to be included, see details in Section 13.1.4 This fire standard can not be used to provide quantitativemeasures.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres

12、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study

13、 toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE 1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standardsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishi

14、ngs andContents.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 2335-04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of

15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 2653 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a

16、 Fire Test Method with FewerThan Six Participating Laboratories2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 13943 Fire Safety-Vocabulary3ISO/IEC 17025:1999(E) General Requirements for theCompetence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories32.3 Other Standard:American Association for Laboratory Accreditation GeneralRequireme

17、nts for Accreditation of Laboratories, January199743. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide and associatedwith fire issues refer to the terminology contained in Termi-nology E 176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitiongiven in Terminology E 176 shall prevail.3.2 Defi

18、nitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 laboratory monitor, na representative of a subcom-mittee who is appointed to determine if the qualifications,equipment, personnel, and level of skill at a test facility meetthe criteria necessary to participate in an interlaboratory testprotocol.4. Si

19、gnificance and Use4.1 These guidelines are intended to enable a laboratorymonitor to perform onsite assessments of laboratory facilities.Accepted facilities will then participate in an interlaboratorytest protocol to establish precision and bias for a particularASTM standard.4.2 This assessment is i

20、ntended to determine that all of theparticipants have the necessary equipment, an understanding ofthe test method, and the minimum level of skill necessary togather data which are to be used to establish precision and biasfor the particular standard.4.3 This guide is not intended to be used as a too

21、l to qualifyor accredit laboratories to perform any tests. Refer to theReferenced Documents for further guidance on accreditationrequirements.5. Qualifications of a Laboratory Monitor5.1 The laboratory monitor should demonstrate a level ofexpertise about the test method for which the interlaboratory

22、test will be done.5.2 Technical understanding of the test method is imperativein order to understand the principles of the measurements to bemade during the test procedure.5.3 The laboratory monitor should demonstrate objectivity.This includes not deriving any profit, commissions, or divi-dends from

23、 any commercial entity which performs the same orsimilar type test evaluations.6. Responsibilities of a Laboratory Monitor6.1 Develop a checklist specific to the subject test method.6.1.1 This checklist is to serve as a guide for the inspectionof the laboratory during the initial qualification phase

24、.6.2 The laboratory monitor performs an inspection of thetest laboratories to determine if the equipment conforms withthat required to perform the test method, and if adequatetraining of the operators has been done.6.3 Verify that the data acquisition system used by thelaboratory is compatible with

25、the data to be acquired; and thatanalysis of the data will provide results which are reliable andcomparable to data obtained from other participants.6.4 Following completion of every laboratory inspection, anassessment report, based on the Checklist described in Section7, shall be completed and forw

26、arded, with recommendations,to the sponsoring ASTM Subcommittee.7. Checklist7.1 The laboratory monitors checklist is to be made avail-able to participating laboratories, in advance of the preliminaryassessment visit so that a self-evaluation is an option for theparticipating laboratory.7.1.1 The che

27、cklist is a one-time, test specific documentused as a guide by the laboratory monitor in assessing thefollowing:7.1.1.1 Management of the laboratory,7.1.1.2 Test operator skill level,7.1.1.3 Condition and calibration of the laboratory facilitiesand equipment,7.1.1.4 Environmental conditions and faci

28、lities for condi-tioning specimens,7.1.1.5 Handling and storage of the test materials and anyreference materials, and7.1.1.6 Appropriate handling of data to ensure that thevalidity of the data is not compromised.7.2 Each test method and associated interlaboratory testrequires development of a specif

29、ic checklist. See Appendix X1for an example of a checklist used in an ASTM E5.15Interlaboratory Study.8. Management, Supervisor, and Operators8.1 The environment established by management of thelaboratory is expected to demonstrate support for the objectivesof the interlaboratory test. The following

30、 demonstrate this typeof support:8.1.1 Have managerial staff that understands the purpose ofthe test, are supportive of the testing, and also have theauthority and resources needed to see that the interlaboratorytest is conducted as agreed, and in accordance with theestablished timetable.8.1.2 Speci

31、fy and document the responsibility, authority,and interrelations of all personnel who manage, perform orverify work affecting the quality of tests (chain of manage-ment).8.1.3 Provide supervision by persons who have a functionalknowledge of the test method, the apparatus, the objective ofthe test an

32、d the assessment of the results.8.1.4 Have a quality system describing its commitment togood laboratory practices and quality of testing.8.1.5 Have procedures for control and maintenance ofdocumentation.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postal

33、e 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.4American Association for Laboratory Accreditation, 5301 Buckeytown Pike,Frederick, MD 21704.E23350828.1.6 Have supervisors and personnel involved in testingwho are trained and capable of performing the test.8.1.7 Have sufficient personnel for backups.8.1.8 Prac

34、tice laboratory safety and good housekeeping.9. Laboratory Physical Facilities and Environment9.1 Laboratory facilities shall demonstrate adherence torecognized laboratory protocols and procedures. See docu-ments referenced in Section 2 for guidance.9.2 Laboratory accommodations, test areas, energy

35、sources,lighting, heating and ventilation shall be such as to facilitateproper performance of the test and safety of operators.9.3 The environment in which testing is undertaken shallnot invalidate the results or adversely affect the requiredaccuracy of measurements.9.4 The laboratory is to have fac

36、ilities for the effectivemonitoring, control and recording of environmental conditionsas specified in the test method.9.5 There shall be effective separation between neighboringareas when the activities therein are incompatible.9.6 Access to and use of all areas affecting the quality oftesting shall

37、 be defined and controlled.10. Laboratory Equipment and Reference Materials10.1 Equipment shall meet the specifications of the testmethod.10.2 Equipment shall be properly maintained with docu-mentation, as appropriate.10.3 Each item of equipment shall have calibration records,as appropriate.10.4 Ref

38、erence materials, if available, shall meet standardsspecified for the test.10.5 Reference materials are to be properly stored andconditioned.11. Test Materials11.1 The laboratory system for identifying the items to betested shall ensure that there is no confusion regarding theidentity of such items

39、at any time.11.2 Upon receipt, the condition of the test items, includingany abnormalities or departures from standard conditions asprescribed in the test method, are to be recorded.11.3 The laboratory shall have procedures and appropriatefacilities to avoid deterioration or damage to test items, du

40、ringstorage, prior to test specimen preparation and testing.11.4 Where items have to be stored, or conditioned underspecific environmental conditions, these conditions are to bemaintained, monitored and recorded.11.5 There shall be a procedure for receipt, retention andsafe disposal of test items. C

41、onfidentiality of the sources of testitems is to be maintained.12. Records12.1 The laboratory shall have a system for:12.1.1 Maintaining clear and concise records.12.1.2 If test results are to be transmitted by telephone,facsimile, or other electronic/electromagnetic means (for ex-ample, CD or DVD),

42、 follow a documented procedure thatensures the quality of the transmission.13. Observation of Laboratory Qualification Testing13.1 Verify the test specimen preparation protocol is fol-lowed, that is, randomization of samples and test specimenpreparation.13.2 Verify the test protocol is being followe

43、d in performingthe test.13.3 Document observations and report findings to themanaging Subcommittee or Task Group. Recommend whetherthe laboratory is adequately qualified to proceed with theinterlaboratory test program.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF A CHECKLISTX1.1 An example of a c

44、hecklist that has been used forinterlaboratory testing is shown below. The test method forwhich this list was prepared is Test Method E 1537, a full-scalefire test for upholstered furniture. Test Method E 1822 is a verysimilar test for stacking chairs. This interlaboratory test hasbeen completed and

45、 the results included in a Research Reporton file with ASTM.Interlaboratory Test ProgramE 1537Laboratory Name: Date:Conditioning: Temp. 21 6 3C (70 6 5F) RH Less 55 6 5%Calibrations:Heat Release: Calibration burner: Sand PipeGas: Methane PropaneCalibration points: kW kWGas Flow Rates:E2335083Differe

46、nce in test to calculated HRR not 5 %Time Delay for Sample Line and Instruments:Duct Air Flow: Type of Sensor:Accuracy:Have Gas Analyzers been calibrated? Y/N DailyOxygen Measurement AccuracyCarbon Dioxide MeasurementCarbon Monoxide MeasurementGas Burner: Gas Type: Flow Rate: 13 L/minMass Loss: Was

47、the load platform calibrated? Y/NWhat method:Smoke Obscuration: Type of System: White Light LaserWas the smoke system calibrated? Y/NAt what points?Method used to reduce sooting:Test Configuration: Option A 2.44 m 3 3.66 m, centered 0.76 m doorSpecimen location:Option B 3.05 m 3 3.66 m, corner 0.97

48、m doorSpecimen location:Option C Open CalorimeterSpecimen location:Mass Loss Thermal Barrier:Burner: SquareDoes burner meet specification? Y/N Comments:Have burner holes been checked? Y/NAre burner holes clean? Y/NTest Procedure:Initial Conditions: Temperature: 15C (60F) RH 0.5 m/sPosition of burner

49、: mm (50 mm back) mm (25 mm bottom)Burner exposure time: s (80s) Clock: Y/NData logger scan rate: s 1/6 sDid exhaust hood collect all products of combustion? Y/NGeneral Observations:Provide a chart of the organizational structure of the laboratory. Include management responsibilities and identify individuals responsible for direct su-pervision of the test method.Briefly list the qualifications of the test personnel. What is the experience level of each operator? Is there a current copy of the test procedure availableto the test operators?Indicate the calibration history of the