ASTM E2238-2002 Standard Guide for Evacuation Route Diagrams 《排气路径图解标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2238 02Standard Guide forEvacuation Route Diagrams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica

2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard is intended to provide minimum guide-lines for the design and placement of evacuation route dia-grams (ERDs) used in buildings. It covers the evacua

3、tion ofbuilding occupants when directed by emergency responseauthorities in emergencies such as fire, windstorm, earthquake,hazardous materials release, and other events anticipated in thegeographic area of the facility.NOTE 1Evacuation from the facility is not appropriate in all emer-gencies. For e

4、xample, a tornado may require sheltering within thebuilding. This diagram standard is intended to be used in conjunction witha facility emergency plan and instructions on appropriate actions frombuilding management, or emergency response authorities, or both.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards

5、:2E 2072 Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphores-cent) Safety Markings2.2 Other Standards:NFPA 101 Life Safety Codet (Safety to Life from Fire inBuildings and Structures)3UL 924 Standard for Emergency Lighting and PowerEquipment4ICC/ANSI A117.1 Standard for Accessible and UsableBuildings and

6、Facilities53. Significance and Use3.1 Evacuation route diagrams are informational signs usedto advise building occupants, be they employees, residents,patients, or visitors, of the best route(s) to egress the building,or to temporary shelter from their location. It is a pictorialrepresentation of th

7、e building/floor layout showing the closestsuch route from a given point in the building. This standardwill provide guidelines that can be used to provide uniformityin the development and use of these signs. Consistency indesign and placement of these signs can serve to increasefamiliarity and compr

8、ehension as well as reduce confusion,thus improving the ability of occupants to egress from thefacility more easily and quickly in an emergency.3.2 Occupancies where standardization of ERDs would bemost beneficial include those which frequently have occupantsunfamiliar with the facility, such as hot

9、els, places of assembly,offices, healthcare facilities, and multiple occupancy buildings.4. Terminology4.1 Definitions:4.1.1 area of refugeAn area that is either (1) a story in abuilding where the building is protected throughout by anapproved, supervised automatic sprinkler system and has notless t

10、han two accessible rooms or spaces separated from eachother by smoke-resisting partitions; or (2) a space located in apath of travel leading to a public way that is protected from theeffects of fire, either by means of separation from other spacesin the same building or by virtue of location, thereb

11、y permit-ting a delay in egress travel from any level.NOTE 2An area of refuge is intended for use by impaired personsawaiting rescue by trained emergency personnel in the event of fire. It isnot necessarily designed for use in emergencies requiring the use ofsubstantial construction, such as windsto

12、rm.4.1.2 assembly pointsArea(s) outside of the building thathas been predetermined as a meeting point for buildingoccupants to gather and be accounted.4.1.3 path of egressThe way(s) out of a building, consist-ing of the exit access, exit, and exit discharge.4.1.4 dead endA path that leads to no exit

13、.5. Format and Content5.1 Format. The overall format of ERDs should be simple.To be quickly read and understood by those unfamiliar with thebuilding layout, ERDs should contain only the information1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on OccupationalHealth and Safety and is the

14、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.40 onHazard Communications.Current edition approved November 10, 2002. Published January 2003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i

15、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.5Available fro

16、m American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.necessary for the occupant to become oriented to and locate theegress path(s) from their loc

17、ation. The diagram should showthe closest (primary) egress path and an alternate (secondary)egress path.5.1.1 Area Covered. To minimize confusion, ERDs shouldonly cover the area/floor of the facility that contains theprimary and secondary exits and an area of refuge (if present).The top of the ERD s

18、hould display a title indicating the floornumber (see Fig. 1).5.1.2 Color. Optimally, signs should be provided in color tomore easily distinguish primary and secondary routes.5.1.3 Current Location. The current location should beindicated by a solid red circle at least14 in. in diameter, andlabeled

19、“YOU ARE HERE” in capital letters.5.1.4 Exits. Exits should be marked by a rectangle marked“EXIT” in red capital letters. The primary path of egress shouldbe in solid red, secondary in dashed blue.5.1.5 Temporary Shelter. Temporary shelters should bemarked by dashed double red lines, shaded in gray,

20、 and labeled“TEMPORARY SHELTER” in capital letters.5.1.6 Paths.5.1.6.1 The primary path of egress should be represented bya continuous, solid red line with a directional arrow from theCurrent Location to the primary exit.5.1.6.2 The secondary path of egress should be representedby a continuous, dash

21、ed blue line with a directional arrow fromthe Current Location to the secondary exit.FIG. 1 Sample Evacuation DiagramE22380225.1.6.3 A key indicating red/solid lines as primary egresspaths and blue/dashed lines as secondary egress paths shouldbe provided in the lower right corner of the ERD.5.1.6.4

22、Paths should not direct building occupants throughareas which are not intended for egress, such as storerooms orother areas as specified by National Fire ProtectionAssociation(NFPA) 101, Life Safety Code.5.1.7 Dead Ends. Dead ends should be depicted using thickblack line with the label “DEAD END” in

23、 capital letters.5.1.8 Elevators. Elevators are often not permitted for use inemergencies (such as fire), and may be recalled to the first floorand become unavailable. For these reasons, elevators should beshown on the diagram, but not indicated as part of the meansof egress.5.1.9 Landmarks and Barr

24、iers. Landmarks and barriersshould be represented by a comparable but simplified geomet-ric shape, shown in outline, gray, or black, and identified by asuitable descriptive label.5.1.10 Major Means of Egress Components. Components,including corridors, doors, stairs, and ramps in the primary orsecond

25、ary paths of egress should be shown in a simplifiedform.5.1.11 Assembly Points. When evacuation to the buildingexterior is specified, the ERD should display point(s) ofassembly for building occupants to gather and to be accounted.5.1.12 Key. Where needed, a key should be provided in thelower right c

26、orner of the diagram to more clearly define thesymbols used.5.2 Language. Depending on the needs of the region andnature of building occupants expected, sign information mayneed to be multi-lingual.6. Visibility and Readability6.1 Sign and Print Size. ERDs should be a minimum of 812in. high by 11 in

27、. wide. It is recommended that text should beat least a 14-point sans-serif font. Where space permits, ERDsshould be larger to improve visibility and readability.6.2 Illumination. ERDs should be continuously illuminatedon its face with a minimum of one (1) footcandle (10 lux).ERDs can be self-lumino

28、us in accordance with ASTM E 2072or UL 924, or both.6.3 Tactile and Visual. ERDs should be tactile and conformto the applicable tactile and visibility requirements of section703 of ICC/ANSI A117.1.7. Durability7.1 ERDs should be durable and not subject to deteriorationsuch as fading and tearing.NOTE

29、 3One cost-effective option is to print ERDs on paper andlaminate.7.2 ERDs should be replaced when, through wear or dam-age, they become difficult to read.8. Orientation8.1 ERDs should represent and be oriented to the actualfloor arrangement as viewed by building occupants. Thismeans that the top of

30、 the diagram should be oriented in thedirection the reader is facing.9. Placement9.1 Locations. The frequency and location of ERD place-ment should be determined by the needs of the facility. Largerfacilities of complex design may require more frequent ERDsthan smaller buildings with simple layouts.

31、 Facilities withsubstantial numbers of occupants unfamiliar with the buildingmay also call for more ERDs than those where visitors areinfrequent. Facilities should consider placing ERDs in everyroom, at each exit (if there are multiple room exits), and inlarge open occupancy areas every 50-75 ft.9.2

32、 Height. ERDs should be mounted 48-60 in. (152 cm)above the finished floor to the center of the sign.10. Keywords10.1 diagram; egress; evacuation; exitASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Use

33、rs of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every

34、 five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technic

35、al committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E2238023