ASTM E2166-2016 Standard Practice for Organizing and Managing Building Data《组织和管理建筑数据用标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2166 16Standard Practice forOrganizing and Managing Building Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren

2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the organization of building infor-mation to support informed decision making. The kinds of dataconsidered in this practice inclu

3、des text, numeric, and graphicdata. The system of organization is applicable to a wide rangeof data collection and organization tasks from routine in-depthanalysis of a single building, to situations where many build-ings must be evaluated and prioritized in a short time frame.1.2 The organizational

4、 structure is based on Classificationfor Building Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMATII (Classification E1557), a system which groups buildingelements according to the way buildings are constructed andfunction.1.3 The use of UNIFORMAT II provides a set of recognizedsummary levels that are relevan

5、t throughout the industries thatdesign, construct, and manage buildings.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE1334 Practice for Rating th

6、e Serviceability of a Building orBuilding-Related Facility (Withdrawn 2013)3E1557 Classification for Building Elements and RelatedSiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE1699 Practice for Performing Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) of Projects, Products and ProcessesE1765 Practice for Applying Analytical Hie

7、rarchy Process(AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of InvestmentsRelated to Projects, Products, and ProcessesE1836/E1836M Practice for Building Floor Area Measure-ments for Facility ManagementE2083 Classification for Building Construction FieldRequirements, and Office Overhead and for general t

8、erms related to building economics,refer to Terminology E833.4. Significance and Use4.1 Use this practice to organize information that describesnew or existing buildings of any size. The concepts presentedhere can also be applied to other categories of constructionwhere a standard corresponding to U

9、NIFORMAT II does notyet exist.4.2 The hierarchical structure of UNIFORMAT II enablesthe user to focus on building elements in functionally consis-tent groups. It can be applied by an administrator initiating adata system as a facility standard, as well as a consultantreporting on building conditions

10、.4.2.1 Aconsistent method of arrangement for subject matterexpedites the preparation and use of source documents, andsimplifies the process of comparing information from severalsources.4.3 This practice is suitable for arranging the content ofindividual reports, managing physical files, as well as a

11、uto-mated data applications. Personal computers operating com-mercially available software are able to meet the functionalrequirements of this practice.4.4 This practice provides a consistent and comprehensiveoutline suitable to track the evolution of specific buildingconditions in one or many build

12、ings. It can be applied tohistorical building data as well as new information.4.5 Administration of this practice will reveal categories ofbuilding data that have been overlooked in prior data gatheringefforts that did not rely on a systems approach. The compre-hensive hierarchy of Systems and Eleme

13、nts, readily displaysthe amount and depth of information distributed among thecategories and levels. The pattern of available informationhighlights voids among the categories. It is also possible toquickly focus on the quality and sufficiency of cataloged data1This practice is under the jurisdiction

14、 of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 onBuilding Economics.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E216612. DOI:10.1520/E2166-16.2For ref

15、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced

16、onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1to determine whether an appropriate level of detail exists toaddress the needs of decision-makers.5. Procedure5.1 Organize existing physical information to correspond toth

17、e categories of UNIFORMAT II. Initial data-gathering effortsfor new or existing buildings can easily make informationconform to the hierarchical structure of UNIFORMAT II.5.2 Legacy data and pre-existing text are likely to be foundin the prevailing style of the preparer. In order to preserve theclar

18、ity and continuity of concept presented in text which wasarranged in a non-UNIFORMAT II outline, it will be necessaryin many instances, to associate the same block of text to severalhierarchical levels in order to adequately communicate condi-tions or intent.5.3 Where a large body of existing data i

19、s available, theinitial organizing effort will involve some degree of judgmentbased on the quality of existing historical data, the presentcondition of the subject building, and some expectation of therange of potential uses for the building. Make objectivedecisions on the acquisition, retention, an

20、d application of data.Avoid stacking data to force outcomes that are situationallyperceived to be “obvious” or “inevitable.”5.3.1 Many buildings lack significant existing data forcertain Systems. In order to reliably establish baselineconditions, consult with relevant building specialists. Directcon

21、sultants to provide copies of new studies in formatscompatible with the facilitys resident system.5.4 Inventory a complete list of rooms or named spaces.Each room or space is delimited by a finite set of constructedentities such as floors, walls, and ceilings that corresponddirectly to a UNIFORMAT I

22、I element. Make on-site observa-tions of existing building conditions, or compile available datafrom the drawings of a proposed building to develop a suitableinventory. Reference UNIFORMAT II elements to the con-structed entities of the room inventory.5.5 Develop a list of elements within the third

23、level ofUNIFORMAT II. Make distinctions among the functionalattributes of similar elements. These distinctions form subsetsof elements or types. A type refers to a kind of assembly thatpossesses a unique combination of function and componentsconsistent with, and subordinate to, elements within the t

24、hirdlevel of the UNIFORMAT II outline. Elements which superfi-cially appear to be similar are constructed with purposefulphysical variations in order to accommodate a variety offunctional or situational requirements. For example, the exte-rior envelope of certain buildings is uniform on all sides an

25、d onall levels while the exterior of other buildings vary by facade,as well as by groupings of floor levels. Partitions whichseparate rooms from each other possess different functionalrequirements, such as fire rating, than the partition thatseparates the rooms from the corridor, or a room from asta

26、irwell. Limits of connections, distinctions of substrate con-ditions and basic functional definitions must also be discernedin order to definitively name a type. For example, within thefamily of partition types, wood stud-framing covered on eachside with a single layer of gypsum wall board (GWB) is

27、a walltype, as is a concrete masonry unit block (CMU) wall. Ifthese walls are painted with the same kind of paint system, thatpaint system is the finish type common to both wall types. Ifthe CMU wall is to be covered with GWB and painted, theGWB, furring or other sub framing, as well as the paint is

28、considered to be a finish type since the GWB is incidental tothe function of the CMU. If the CMU wall needs to achieve acertain fire-rating which is only possible with the application ofplaster or stucco, the CMU plus the applied coating isconsidered together as a type, because the coating is essent

29、ialto its basic function. Frequently, these types correspond to anexisting standard assembly which has been tested and pub-lished by recognized testing laboratories or industry interestgroups. Develop a list of types peculiar to the study building atthe earliest opportunity.5.6 Identify the connecti

30、ons between the different elementaltypes and segments of the same type. These connections orjoints are designed to maintain the functionality of the systemby mitigating certain conditions within designed limits. De-velop a list of joint types rather than attempting to account forthe joint as a compo

31、nent of an adjacent element type. Thefunction of the joint is necessarily more complex than the typesbeing joined. An awareness of the joint as an entity helps tofocus attention on its functional criteria. For instance, a basicfunction of an exterior wall type is to keep weather out of thebuilding.

32、The joints must additionally accommodatemovement, possibly provide galvanic isolation, and present anappearance consistent with an overall architectural vocabulary.The materials used to make joints are frequently unique to thejoint and different than the materials comprising the basic typesbeing joi

33、ned. The useful life and maintenance cycles of manykinds of joints vary sufficiently from the adjacent assemblies tomerit scheduled attention.5.6.1 Organize the list of joint types to respond to relevantneeds such as maintenance. The function and composition ofthe joint determines the nature and fre

34、quency of attention.Elastomeric sealant in an exterior wall for example, willfatigue or deteriorate at a reasonably predictable rate based onthe material and exposure. Joints which respond to specificevents such as fire or earthquake need to be occasionallychecked to confirm that the joint continues

35、 to have the capacityto perform as intended. After an event, those joints need to beinspected for repair or replacement. Fixed joints such asstructural connections are of great interest during the designand construction phases, but generally require no furtherattention until the next renovation.5.7

36、Naming conventions for types depend upon the needs ofthe study in the context of the overall building documentationeffort and are not standardized in this practice.5.8 Existing buildings frequently lack sufficient availabledocumentation to confidently identify types without perform-ing invasive expl

37、oration. Where such activity is not warrantedat the time of the data gathering effort, identify only directlyobservable materials and note observable functions at theappropriate UNIFORMAT II level. Include more detailedinformation as it becomes known.E2166 1625.9 Associate relevant combinations of t

38、ypes. Within asingle room, a structural element such as a column and anenvelope element such as an exterior wall and two differentinterior wall types present the same finished appearance to theoccupant. Associate all of these elements with the same finishtype.5.10 Use standard MASTERFORMAT4designati

39、ons toidentify the individual components and materials which areassembled to make up a type. The use of MASTERFORMATat this level is consistent with industry accepted constructionspecifications and cost estimating practice.5.11 Identify the relevant Mechanical Systems and distin-guish the services a

40、nd groups of components within eachsystem that comprise a functionally and physically discreteentity. Each service distribution system begins at a piece ofequipment that “originates” or “modulates” that service, isdistributed through some form of duct, pipe, or wire, andterminates at a utilization d

41、evice. In district heating andcooling systems, as well as public utility grids, such as water,gas, and electricity, a “shut-off” device and metering equip-ment are located where the service enters the building and forthe purposes of the system, considered an “originator.” Gaspressure regulators, boo

42、ster pumps, and sewage ejectors simi-larly are considered in the category of “originators” because oftheir relationship to a grid external to the building. Some typesof equipment contain components that terminate one serviceand originate another. For example, a boiler is a terminaldevice for a gas s

43、upply and a primary generator of hot water.If that hot water is supplied to the coils of anAir Handling Unit(AHU), the coil of the AHU is the utilization device for the hotwater system. Most likely, the AHU will also contain coolingcoils fed by a chilled water distribution system which begins atthe

44、chiller, a device which generates very cold water. Theblower component of the AHU is the primary generator ofconditioned air, which is distributed through ducts to diffusersor registers in a space.5.12 Categorize Systems information to support both opera-tions and management needs. Information organ

45、ized at thelevel of a system presents a comprehensive overview of theeffectiveness of that system. Based on the size of the buildingand the complexity of the respective systems, services can befurther classified by functional zones that correspond to: (1)building specific areas, such as floor levels

46、 or horizontalfire-areas, (2) system specific limits such as zones served bydedicated equipment, (3) areas defined by metering,monitoring, or control points, and (4) component specificrelationships such as trunks and branches, or sets of mains,submains, and circuits. Associations made according to t

47、hisarrangement will allow parallel references that are useful todescribe physical relationships, adjacencies, dependencies, andinterconnections in large or complex facilities.5.13 Make all reference to the systems, sub-systems, andcomponents with a consistent nomenclature. Design docu-ments frequent

48、ly employ naming conventions that are coordi-nated with existing equipment identification tags. Coordinatedocuments with actual field conditions to resolve conflictingnomenclature where systems modifications have been madeover time.5.14 Associate beginning and end points of services systembranches w

49、ith a room identification. Inventory primary equip-ment and associate the equipment with the room in which it islocated and the system branch it feeds. Associate capacities,relevant sizes, and other useful engineering data with theinventory.5.15 Identify and list “in line” devices. Large systems havedevices to adjust or “balance” the system through-put toachieve design conditions and other controls to isolate portionsof the system for service or emergency considerations. Refer-ring to the example air-handler, the hot water supply, and returnlines as well as the chilled water sup