ASTM E2166-2012 Standard Practice for Organizing and Managing Building Data《建筑数据组织和管理的标准实施规范》.pdf

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1、Designation:E216607 Designation: E2166 12Standard Practice forOrganizing and Managing Building Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio

2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the organization of building information to support informed decision making. The kinds of dataconsidered in

3、this practice includes text, numeric, and graphic data. The system of organization is applicable to a wide range ofdata collection and organization tasks from routine in-depth analysis of a single building, to situations where many buildings mustbe evaluated and prioritized in a short time frame.1.2

4、The organizational structure is based on UNIFORMAT II (ASTM1.2 The organizational structure is based on Classification for Building Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT II(Classification E1557), a system which groups building elements according to the way buildings are constructed and function.1.3

5、 The use of UNIFORMAT II provides a set of recognized summary levels that are relevant throughout the industries thatdesign, construct, and manage buildings.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Me

6、asuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building SystemsE1334 Practice for Rating the Serviceability of a Building or Building-Related FacilityE1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE1699 Practice for Performing Value Analysis (VA) of Buildings and Building Syst

7、ems and Other Constructed ProjectsE1765 Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Relatedto Buildings and Building SystemsE1836 Practice for Building Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor defi

8、nitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminologies For definitions of general terms relatedto building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminology E631and ; and for general terms related to building economics,refer to Terminology E833.4. Significance and Use4.1 Use this prac

9、tice to organize information that describes new or existing buildings of any size. The concepts presented herecan also be applied to other categories of construction where a standard corresponding to UNIFORMAT II does not yet exist.4.2 The hierarchical structure of UNIFORMAT II enables the user to f

10、ocus on building elements in functionally consistentgroups. It can be applied by an administrator initiating a data system as a facility standard, as well as a consultant reporting onbuilding conditions.4.2.1 A consistent method of arrangement for subject matter expedites the preparation and use of

11、source documents, andsimplifies the process of comparing information from several sources.4.3 This practice is suitable for arranging the content of individual reports, managing physical files, as well as automated dataapplications. Personal computers operating commercially available software are ab

12、le to meet the functional requirements of thispractice.4.4 This practice provides a consistent and comprehensive outline suitable to track the evolution of specific building conditions1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct respons

13、ibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on BuildingEconomics.Current edition approved April 1, 2007.2012. Published April 2007.2012. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as E2166 017. DOI:10.1520/E2166-07.10.1520/E2166-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi

14、te, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicati

15、on of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consi

16、dered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.in one or many buildings. It can be applied to historical building data as well as new information.4.5 Administration of this practice will reveal categories

17、of building data that have been overlooked in prior data gatheringefforts that did not rely on a systems approach. The comprehensive hierarchy of Systems and Elements, readily displays the amountand depth of information distributed among the categories and levels. The pattern of available informatio

18、n highlights voids amongthe categories. It is also possible to quickly focus on the quality and sufficiency of cataloged data to determine whether anappropriate level of detail exists to address the needs of decision-makers.5. Procedure5.1 Organize existing physical information to correspond to the

19、categories of UNIFORMAT II. Initial data-gathering efforts fornew or existing buildings can easily make information conform to the hierarchical structure of UNIFORMAT II.5.2 Legacy data and pre-existing text are likely to be found in the prevailing style of the preparer. In order to preserve the cla

20、rityand continuity of concept presented in text which was arranged in a non-UNIFORMAT II outline, it will be necessary in manyinstances, to associate the same block of text to several hierarchical levels in order to adequately communicate conditions or intent.5.3 Where a large body of existing data

21、is available, the initial organizing effort will involve some degree of judgment basedon the quality of existing historical data, the present condition of the subject building, and some expectation of the range ofpotential uses for the building. Make objective decisions on the acquisition, retention

22、, and application of data. Avoid stacking datato force outcomes that are situationally perceived to be “obvious” or “inevitable.”5.3.1 Many buildings lack significant existing data for certain Systems. In order to reliably establish baseline conditions, consultwith relevant building specialists. Dir

23、ect consultants to provide copies of new studies in formats compatible with the facilitysresident system.5.4 Inventory a complete list of rooms or named spaces. Each room or space is delimited by a finite set of constructed entitiessuch as floors, walls, and ceilings that correspond directly to a UN

24、IFORMAT II element. Make on-site observations of existingbuilding conditions, or compile available data from the drawings of a proposed building to develop a suitable inventory. ReferenceUNIFORMAT II elements to the constructed entities of the room inventory.5.5 Develop a list of elements within the

25、 third level of UNIFORMAT II. Make distinctions among the functional attributes ofsimilar elements. These distinctions form subsets of elements or types. A type refers to a kind of assembly that possesses a uniquecombination of function and components consistent with, and subordinate to, elements wi

26、thin the third level of the UNIFORMATII outline. Elements which superficially appear to be similar are constructed with purposeful physical variations in order toaccommodate a variety of functional or situational requirements. For example, the exterior envelope of certain buildings is uniformon all

27、sides and on all levels while the exterior of other buildings vary by facade, as well as by groupings of floor levels. Partitionswhich separate rooms from each other possess different functional requirements, such as fire rating, than the partition that separatesthe rooms from the corridor, or a roo

28、m from a stairwell. Limits of connections, distinctions of substrate conditions and basicfunctional definitions must also be discerned in order to definitively name a type. For example, within the family of partition types,wood stud-framing covered on each side with a single layer of gypsum wall boa

29、rd (GWB) is a wall type, as is a concrete masonryunit block (CMU) wall. If these walls are painted with the same kind of paint system, that paint system is the finish type commonto both wall types. If the CMU wall is to be covered with GWB and painted, the GWB, furring or other sub framing, as well

30、asthe paint is considered to be a finish type since the GWB is incidental to the function of the CMU. If the CMU wall needs to achievea certain fire-rating which is only possible with the application of plaster or stucco, the CMU plus the applied coating is consideredtogether as a type, because the

31、coating is essential to its basic function. Frequently, these types correspond to an existing standardassembly which has been tested and published by recognized testing laboratories or industry interest groups. Develop a list of typespeculiar to the study building at the earliest opportunity.5.6 Ide

32、ntify the connections between the different elemental types and segments of the same type. These connections or jointsare designed to maintain the functionality of the system by mitigating certain conditions within designed limits. Develop a list ofjoint types rather than attempting to account for t

33、he joint as a component of an adjacent element type. The function of the jointis necessarily more complex than the types being joined. An awareness of the joint as an entity helps to focus attention on itsfunctional criteria. For instance, a basic function of an exterior wall type is to keep weather

34、 out of the building. The joints mustadditionally accommodate movement, possibly provide galvanic isolation, and present an appearance consistent with an overallarchitectural vocabulary. The materials used to make joints are frequently unique to the joint and different than the materialscomprising t

35、he basic types being joined. The useful life and maintenance cycles of many kinds of joints vary sufficiently from theadjacent assemblies to merit scheduled attention.5.6.1 Organize the list of joint types to respond to relevant needs such as maintenance. The function and composition of the jointdet

36、ermines the nature and frequency of attention. Elastomeric sealant in an exterior wall for example, will fatigue or deteriorateat a reasonably predictable rate based on the material and exposure. Joints which respond to specific events such as fire orearthquake need to be occasionally checked to con

37、firm that the joint continues to have the capacity to perform as intended. Afteran event, those joints need to be inspected for repair or replacement. Fixed joints such as structural connections are of great interestduring the design and construction phases, but generally require no further attentio

38、n until the next renovation.5.7 Naming conventions for types depend upon the needs of the study in the context of the overall building documentation effortand are not standardized in this practice.5.8 Existing buildings frequently lack sufficient available documentation to confidently identify types

39、 without performingE2166 122invasive exploration. Where such activity is not warranted at the time of the data gathering effort, identify only directly observablematerials and note observable functions at the appropriate UNIFORMAT II level. Include more detailed information as it becomesknown.5.9 As

40、sociate relevant combinations of types. Within a single room, a structural element such as a column and an envelopeelement such as an exterior wall and two different interior wall types present the same finished appearance to the occupant.Associate all of these elements with the same finish type.5.1

41、0 Use standard MASTERFORMAT3designations to identify the individual components and materials which are assembledto make up a type. The use of MASTERFORMAT at this level is consistent with industry accepted construction specifications andcost estimating practice.5.11 Identify the relevant Mechanical

42、Systems and distinguish the services and groups of components within each system thatcomprise a functionally and physically discrete entity. Each service distribution system begins at a piece of equipment that“originates” or “modulates” that service, is distributed through some form of duct, pipe, o

43、r wire, and terminates at a utilizationdevice. In district heating and cooling systems, as well as public utility grids, such as water, gas, and electricity, a “shut-off” deviceand metering equipment are located where the service enters the building and for the purposes of the system, considered an“

44、originator.” Gas pressure regulators, booster pumps, and sewage ejectors similarly are considered in the category of “originators”because of their relationship to a grid external to the building. Some types of equipment contain components that terminate oneservice and originate another. For example,

45、 a boiler is a terminal device for a gas supply and a primary generator of hot water. Ifthat hot water is supplied to the coils of anAir Handling Unit (AHU), the coil of theAHU is the utilization device for the hot watersystem. Most likely, the AHU will also contain cooling coils fed by a chilled wa

46、ter distribution system which begins at the chiller,a device which generates very cold water. The blower component of the AHU is the primary generator of conditioned air, whichis distributed through ducts to diffusers or registers in a space.5.12 Categorize Systems information to support both operat

47、ions and management needs. Information organized at the level ofa system presents a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of that system. Based on the size of the building and thecomplexity of the respective systems, services can be further classified by functional zones that correspond to: (1

48、) building specificareas, such as floor levels or horizontal fire-areas, ( 2) system specific limits such as zones served by dedicated equipment, (3) areasdefined by metering, monitoring, or control points, and (4) component specific relationships such as trunks and branches, or setsof mains, submai

49、ns, and circuits. Associations made according to this arrangement will allow parallel references that are usefulto describe physical relationships, adjacencies, dependencies, and interconnections in large or complex facilities.5.13 Make all reference to the systems, sub-systems, and components with a consistent nomenclature. Design documentsfrequently employ naming conventions that are coordinated with existing equipment identification tags. Coordinate documentswith actual field conditions to resolve conflicting nomenclature where systems modifications have been made over tim