ASTM E2166-2007 Standard Practice for Organizing and Managing Building Data《组织和管理建筑数据用标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2166 07Standard Practice forOrganizing and Managing Building Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par

2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the organization of building infor-mation to support informed decision making. The kinds of dataconsidered in this practice in

3、cludes text, numeric, and graphicdata. The system of organization is applicable to a wide rangeof data collection and organization tasks from routine in-depthanalysis of a single building, to situations where many build-ings must be evaluated and prioritized in a short time frame.1.2 The organizatio

4、nal structure is based on UNIFORMATII (ASTM E 1557), a system which groups building elementsaccording to the way buildings are constructed and function.1.3 The use of UNIFORMAT II provides a set of recognizedsummary levels that are relevant throughout the industries thatdesign, construct, and manage

5、 buildings.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE 917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 1334 Practice for Rating the Serviceability of a Buildingor Building-Related Facilit

6、yE 1557 Classification for Building Elements and RelatedSiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE 1699 Practice for Performing Value Analysis (VA) ofBuildings and Building SystemsE 1765 Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of InvestmentsRelated to Buildings and Bui

7、lding SystemsE 1836 Classification for Building Floor Area Measure-ments for Facility Management3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminologies E 631 and E 833.4. Significance and Use4.1 Use this practice to organize information that describesnew

8、or existing buildings of any size. The concepts presentedhere can also be applied to other categories of constructionwhere a standard corresponding to UNIFORMAT II does notyet exist.4.2 The hierarchical structure of UNIFORMAT II enablesthe user to focus on building elements in functionally consis-te

9、nt groups. It can be applied by an administrator initiating adata system as a facility standard, as well as a consultantreporting on building conditions.4.2.1 Aconsistent method of arrangement for subject matterexpedites the preparation and use of source documents, andsimplifies the process of compa

10、ring information from severalsources.4.3 This practice is suitable for arranging the content ofindividual reports, managing physical files, as well as auto-mated data applications. Personal computers operating com-mercially available software are able to meet the functionalrequirements of this pract

11、ice.4.4 This practice provides a consistent and comprehensiveoutline suitable to track the evolution of specific buildingconditions in one or many buildings. It can be applied tohistorical building data as well as new information.4.5 Administration of this practice will reveal categories ofbuilding

12、data that have been overlooked in prior data gatheringefforts that did not rely on a systems approach. The compre-hensive hierarchy of Systems and Elements, readily displaysthe amount and depth of information distributed among thecategories and levels. The pattern of available informationhighlights

13、voids among the categories. It is also possible toquickly focus on the quality and sufficiency of cataloged datato determine whether an appropriate level of detail exists toaddress the needs of decision-makers.5. Procedure5.1 Organize existing physical information to correspond tothe categories of U

14、NIFORMAT II. Initial data-gathering effortsfor new or existing buildings can easily make informationconform to the hierarchical structure of UNIFORMAT II.5.2 Legacy data and pre-existing text are likely to be foundin the prevailing style of the preparer. In order to preserve theclarity and continuit

15、y of concept presented in text which wasarranged in a non-UNIFORMAT II outline, it will be necessary1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 onBuilding Economics.Current edition approved April

16、1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 2166 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

17、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.in many instances, to associate the same block of text to severalhierarchical levels in order to adequately communicate condi-tions or

18、intent.5.3 Where a large body of existing data is available, theinitial organizing effort will involve some degree of judgmentbased on the quality of existing historical data, the presentcondition of the subject building, and some expectation of therange of potential uses for the building. Make obje

19、ctivedecisions on the acquisition, retention, and application of data.Avoid stacking data to force outcomes that are situationallyperceived to be “obvious” or “inevitable.”5.3.1 Many buildings lack significant existing data forcertain Systems. In order to reliably establish baseline condi-tions, con

20、sult with relevant building specialists. Direct consult-ants to provide copies of new studies in formats compatiblewith the facilitys resident system.5.4 Inventory a complete list of rooms or named spaces.Each room or space is delimited by a finite set of constructedentities such as floors, walls, a

21、nd ceilings that corresponddirectly to a UNIFORMAT II element. Make on-site observa-tions of existing building conditions, or compile available datafrom the drawings of a proposed building to develop a suitableinventory. Reference UNIFORMAT II elements to the con-structed entities of the room invent

22、ory.5.5 Develop a list of elements within the third level ofUNIFORMAT II. Make distinctions among the functionalattributes of similar elements. These distinctions form subsetsof elements or types. A type refers to a kind of assembly thatpossesses a unique combination of function and componentsconsis

23、tent with, and subordinate to, elements within the thirdlevel of the UNIFORMAT II outline. Elements which superfi-cially appear to be similar are constructed with purposefulphysical variations in order to accommodate a variety offunctional or situational requirements. For example, the exte-rior enve

24、lope of certain buildings is uniform on all sides and onall levels while the exterior of other buildings vary by facade,as well as by groupings of floor levels. Partitions whichseparate rooms from each other possess different functionalrequirements, such as fire rating, than the partition thatsepara

25、tes the rooms from the corridor, or a room from astairwell. Limits of connections, distinctions of substrate con-ditions and basic functional definitions must also be discernedin order to definitively name a type. For example, within thefamily of partition types, wood stud-framing covered on eachsid

26、e with a single layer of gypsum wall board (GWB) is a walltype, as is a concrete masonry unit block (CMU) wall. Ifthese walls are painted with the same kind of paint system, thatpaint system is the finish type common to both wall types. Ifthe CMU wall is to be covered with GWB and painted, theGWB, f

27、urring or other sub framing, as well as the paint isconsidered to be a finish type since the GWB is incidental tothe function of the CMU. If the CMU wall needs to achieve acertain fire-rating which is only possible with the application ofplaster or stucco, the CMU plus the applied coating isconsider

28、ed together as a type, because the coating is essentialto its basic function. Frequently, these types correspond to anexisting standard assembly which has been tested and pub-lished by recognized testing laboratories or industry interestgroups. Develop a list of types peculiar to the study building

29、atthe earliest opportunity.5.6 Identify the connections between the different elementaltypes and segments of the same type. These connections orjoints are designed to maintain the functionality of the systemby mitigating certain conditions within designed limits. De-velop a list of joint types rathe

30、r than attempting to account forthe joint as a component of an adjacent element type. Thefunction of the joint is necessarily more complex than the typesbeing joined. An awareness of the joint as an entity helps tofocus attention on its functional criteria. For instance, a basicfunction of an exteri

31、or wall type is to keep weather out of thebuilding. The joints must additionally accommodate move-ment, possibly provide galvanic isolation, and present anappearance consistent with an overall architectural vocabulary.The materials used to make joints are frequently unique to thejoint and different

32、than the materials comprising the basic typesbeing joined. The useful life and maintenance cycles of manykinds of joints vary sufficiently from the adjacent assemblies tomerit scheduled attention.5.6.1 Organize the list of joint types to respond to relevantneeds such as maintenance. The function and

33、 composition ofthe joint determines the nature and frequency of attention.Elastomeric sealant in an exterior wall for example, willfatigue or deteriorate at a reasonably predictable rate based onthe material and exposure. Joints which respond to specificevents such as fire or earthquake need to be o

34、ccasionallychecked to confirm that the joint continues to have the capacityto perform as intended. After an event, those joints need to beinspected for repair or replacement. Fixed joints such asstructural connections are of great interest during the designand construction phases, but generally requ

35、ire no furtherattention until the next renovation.5.7 Naming conventions for types depend upon the needs ofthe study in the context of the overall building documentationeffort and are not standardized in this practice.5.8 Existing buildings frequently lack sufficient availabledocumentation to confid

36、ently identify types without perform-ing invasive exploration. Where such activity is not warrantedat the time of the data gathering effort, identify only directlyobservable materials and note observable functions at theappropriate UNIFORMAT II level. Include more detailedinformation as it becomes k

37、nown.5.9 Associate relevant combinations of types. Within asingle room, a structural element such as a column and anenvelope element such as an exterior wall and two differentinterior wall types present the same finished appearance to theoccupant. Associate all of these elements with the same finish

38、type.5.10 Use standard MASTERFORMAT3designations toidentify the individual components and materials which areassembled to make up a type. The use of MASTERFORMATat this level is consistent with industry accepted constructionspecifications and cost estimating practice.3MASTERFORMAT is the system deve

39、loped by the Construction SpecificationsInstitute (CSI) commonly used to organize material and product data (TheConstruction Specifications Institute. MasterFormat 2004 Edition (Alexandria, VA:CSI, 2004).E21660725.11 Identify the relevant Mechanical Systems and distin-guish the services and groups o

40、f components within eachsystem that comprise a functionally and physically discreteentity. Each service distribution system begins at a piece ofequipment that “originates” or “modulates” that service, isdistributed through some form of duct, pipe, or wire, andterminates at a utilization device. In d

41、istrict heating andcooling systems, as well as public utility grids, such as water,gas, and electricity, a “shut-off” device and metering equip-ment are located where the service enters the building and forthe purposes of the system, considered an “originator.” Gaspressure regulators, booster pumps,

42、 and sewage ejectors simi-larly are considered in the category of “originators” because oftheir relationship to a grid external to the building. Some typesof equipment contain components that terminate one serviceand originate another. For example, a boiler is a terminaldevice for a gas supply and a

43、 primary generator of hot water.If that hot water is supplied to the coils of anAir Handling Unit(AHU), the coil of the AHU is the utilization device for the hotwater system. Most likely, the AHU will also contain coolingcoils fed by a chilled water distribution system which begins atthe chiller, a

44、device which generates very cold water. Theblower component of the AHU is the primary generator ofconditioned air, which is distributed through ducts to diffusersor registers in a space.5.12 Categorize Systems information to support both opera-tions and management needs. Information organized at the

45、level of a system presents a comprehensive overview of theeffectiveness of that system. Based on the size of the buildingand the complexity of the respective systems, services can befurther classified by functional zones that correspond to: (1)building specific areas, such as floor levels or horizon

46、talfire-areas, (2) system specific limits such as zones served bydedicated equipment, (3) areas defined by metering, monitor-ing, or control points, and (4) component specific relationshipssuch as trunks and branches, or sets of mains, submains, andcircuits. Associations made according to this arran

47、gement willallow parallel references that are useful to describe physicalrelationships, adjacencies, dependencies, and interconnectionsin large or complex facilities.5.13 Make all reference to the systems, sub-systems, andcomponents with a consistent nomenclature. Design docu-ments frequently employ

48、 naming conventions that are coordi-nated with existing equipment identification tags. Coordinatedocuments with actual field conditions to resolve conflictingnomenclature where systems modifications have been madeover time.5.14 Associate beginning and end points of services systembranches with a roo

49、m identification. Inventory primary equip-ment and associate the equipment with the room in which it islocated and the system branch it feeds. Associate capacities,relevant sizes, and other useful engineering data with theinventory.5.15 Identify and list “in line” devices. Large systems havedevices to adjust or “balance” the system through-put toachieve design conditions and other controls to isolate portionsof the system for service or emergency considerations. Refer-ring to the example air-handler, the hot water supply, and returnlines as well as the chilled water supply and r