ASTM E2057-2000 Standard Specifications for Preparation of Laboratory Analysis Requests in Sexual Assault Investigations 《性侵犯调查中实验室分析准备的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2057 00Standard Specifications forPreparation of Laboratory Analysis Requests in SexualAssault Investigations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe meaningful analysis of physical evidence recovered in sexual assault investigations requires notonl

3、y careful attention to the preservation of easily damaged or degraded biological materials but alsothe transmittal of a clear description and explanation of that evidence for the examining scientists/analysts/criminalists. This description should include the source of, and relationships between,diff

4、erent evidence items and is sometimes referred to as a “case synopsis.” The more information theanalysts have at their disposal concerning the circumstances of the assault and the relationship(s) ofthe victim(s) and suspect(s), the more successful their efforts will be in resolving questions in thei

5、nvestigation. Failure to adequately document and report this information in the request for scientificanalysis could lead to the application of useless tests of the evidence that may destroy materials betterused in other more meaningful examinations.1. Scope1.1 These specifications describe the basi

6、c elements of arequest for the scientific examination of physical evidencecollected in the investigation of a sexual assault. Thesespecifications are designed to be used in conjunction with otherspecifications, guides, and practices associated with sexualassault examinations that are listed in Secti

7、on 2.1.2 These specifications outline considerations that willfacilitate the analysis of sexual assault evidence by a poten-tially large group of forensic experts. These experts caninclude, but are not limited to, serologists, odontologists, latentprint examiners, firearm and toolmark examiners, and

8、 tracematerials analysts. The success of their combined work gener-ally requires a clear understanding of the issues and relation-ships involved in the case.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and RelatedDocumentation2E 1492 Practice for Receiving, D

9、ocumenting, Storing, andRetrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory2E 1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science2E 1843 Guide for Sexual Assault Investigation, Examina-tion, and Evidence23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thesespecifications, see the Compilatio

10、n of ASTM Standard Defini-tions (1990).4. Summary of Practice4.1 Requests for laboratory analysis should be supported bysufficient documentation to allow the laboratory scientist(s) tounderstand the conditions surrounding the assault and therelationship(s) between different items of evidence.4.2 The

11、se specifications are to be used in conjunction withGuide E 1843.5. Significance and Use5.1 These specifications are designed to ensure that evi-dence associated with a sexual assault investigation is handledand analyzed in the most useful manner and without wastingevidentiary materials and analytic

12、al time or resources, or both.6. Procedure6.1 The request for scientific examination of sexual assaultevidence should include a completed sexual assault medical/nurse sexual assault examiner/medical examiner evaluationform in accordance with Guide E 1843. It should also includea complete investigati

13、ve review as described as follows. All ofthe information described may not be available in a specificcase or at the time of an initial request for analysis, but itshould be forwarded to the examining forensic laboratory inwriting as soon as the information is developed.6.2 The analytical request and

14、 investigative review should1These specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-30 onForensic Sciences and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 onCriminalistics.Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2000. Published April 2000.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Co

15、pyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.include the following information to the extent that it isavailable in a specific case:6.2.1 Time line, beginning with the victims initial contactwith the assailant(s) and concluding with the victims clinicalor post

16、 mortem examination and collection of physical evi-dence from the victim or suspect(s), or both.6.2.2 Relationship of the victim and suspect(s).6.2.3 Description of any legitimate contact between thevictim and suspect(s).6.2.4 Synopsis of the victims consensual sexual activity inthe 72 h prior to th

17、e assault.6.2.5 Location(s) of assault and description(s) of the envi-ronment of each location.6.2.6 Description of all individuals with legitimate access tothe assault scene(s) and their relationships.6.2.7 Detailed description of the assault.6.2.8 Description of any facilities, residential locatio

18、ns, ortransportation venues used by the victim and the suspect(s)between the time of the assault and the initial assault exami-nation and collection of physical evidence.6.2.9 Description of all the individuals with day-to-dayaccess to the locations listed in 6.2.6 and these individualsrelationships

19、.6.2.10 Listing of any weapons associated with the assaultand the origin of these weapons, whether victim, assailant, orthird-party property.6.2.11 Listing of any individual(s) with legitimate assess toeach weapon.6.2.12 Itemized list of the searches, analyses, and compari-sons needed from the foren

20、sic laboratory. This list should bekeyed to the foregoing items in Section 6.6.2.13 A list of telephone, facsimile, and e-mail numbersand addresses, where the forensic examiners may have timelyaccess to the investigator(s) and attorney(s) handling the case.7. Keywords7.1 investigation; investigative

21、 report; request for scientificanalysis; sexual assaultThe American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the

22、validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your

23、comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv

24、ed a fair hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).E 20572