ASTM E1995-2004a Standard Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber With the Test Specimen Oriented Horizontally《在单.pdf
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1、Designation: E 1995 04aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a ConicalRadiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber, With the TestSpecimen Oriented Horizontally1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1995; the number immediately follow
2、ing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-te
3、st-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring smokeobscuration resulting from subjecting essentially flat materials,products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), not ex-ceeding 25 mm 1 in. in thickness, in a horizontal orientation,exposed to specified levels of ther
4、mal irradiance, from aconical heater, in the presence of a pilot flame, in a singleclosed chamber. Optional testing modes exclude the pilotflame.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristic obtainedfrom this test method is the specific optical density of smokefrom the specimens tested, which
5、is obtained as a function oftime, for a period of 10 min.1.4 An optional fire-test-response characteristic measurablewith this test method is the mass optical density (see AnnexA1), which is the specific optical density of smoke divided bythe mass lost by the specimens during the test.1.5 The fire-t
6、est-response characteristics obtained from thistest are specific to the specimen tested, in the form andthickness tested, and are not an inherent property of thematerial, product, or assembly.1.6 This test method does not provide information on thefire performance of the test specimens under fire co
7、nditionsother than those conditions specified in this test method. Forlimitations of this test method, see 5.5.1.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10. The inch-pound units given in brackets arefor information only.1.8 This test method is used to measure and describe
8、theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing of products and materia
9、ls is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. This test methodmay involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.See also 6.2.1.2, Section 7, and 11.7.2.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
10、 concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2843 Test Method for Density of
11、Smoke from the Burn-ing or Decomposition of PlasticsD 4100 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination ofSmoke Particulates from Combustion of Plastic MaterialsD 5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cabl
12、e Tray ConfigurationE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of SmokeGenerated by Solid MaterialsE 906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseR
13、ates for Materials and ProductsE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE 1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or1This test method is under the juris
14、diction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke andCombustion Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1995 - 04.2For referenced ASTM
15、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
16、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE 1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-ture ItemsE 1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Practice for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modernized M
17、etric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO Guide 52Glossary of Fire Terms and DefinitionsISO 3261 Fire TestsVocabularyISO 5659-2 Determination of Specific Optical Density by aSingle-Chamber TestISO 5725 Precision of Test MethodsDetermination ofRepeatability and Reproducibility for Standard TestMethod by Int
18、erlaboratory Tests2.3 British Standards:BS 6809 Method of Calibration of Radiometers for Use inFire Testing43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E 176 and ISO 3261. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E 176 shallprev
19、ail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assembly, na unit or structure composed of a com-bination of materials or products, or both.3.2.2 composite, na combination of materials, whichgenerally are recognized as distinct entities, for example coatedor laminated materials.3.2.3 co
20、ntinuous (as related to data acquisition), adjconducted at data collection intervals of 5s or less.3.2.4 essentially flat surface, nsurface where the irregu-larity from a plane does not exceed 61 mm.3.2.5 exposed surface, nthat surface of the specimensubjected to the incident heat.3.2.6 flaming mode
21、, nthe mode of testing that uses a pilotflame.3.2.7 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe combustion may be evidenced byglow, flame, detonation, or explosion. The combustion may besustained or transient.3.2.8 mass optical density, nthe ratio of the opticaldensity of smoke and
22、 the mass loss of the test specimen,multiplied by the volume of the test chamber and divided bythe length of the light path.3.2.8.1 DiscussionThe mass optical density as determinedin this test method is not an intrinsic material property; it is afunction of the test procedure and conditions used.3.2
23、.9 Nonflaming mode, nthe mode of testing that doesnot use a pilot flame.3.2.10 sample, nan amount of the material, product, orassembly, to be tested, which is representative of the item as awhole.3.2.11 smoke obscuration, nthe reduction in visibility dueto smoke (ISO Guide 52).3.2.12 specimen, nthe
24、actual section of material, product,or assembly, to be placed in the test apparatus.3.2.13 time to ignition, ntime between the start of the testand the presence of a flame on the specimen surface for aperiod of at least 4s.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method assesses the reduction of light
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