ASTM E1843-2016 Standard Guide for Sexual Assault Investigation Examination and Evidence Collection《性侵犯的调查 检查和取证的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: E1843 16Standard Guide forSexual Assault Investigation, Examination, and EvidenceCollection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1843; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the basic components for the devel-opment of a sexual assault investigation protocol, with specificattentio

3、n to the examination of assault scenes, victims andsuspects of sexual assault, the recovery of testimonial,physical, and behavioral evidence, and the preservation andcustody of physical evidence.1.2 This guide outlines procedures requiring the experienceof experts in a diversity of fields. A multidi

4、sciplinary teamapproach to sexual assault investigation is necessary and is thecurrent standard of care. This team should include membersskilled in the following disciplines: law enforcement,criminalistics, victim advocacy, and clinical, forensic practice.1.3 This guide offers a set of instructions

5、for performing oneor more specific operations. This standard cannot replaceknowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriateeducation, training, and experience and should be used inconjunction with sound professional judgment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con

6、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E620 Practice for Reporting Opinions o

7、f Scientific or Tech-nical ExpertsE1020 Practice for Reporting Incidents that May InvolveCriminal or Civil LitigationE1188 Practice for Collection and Preservation of Informa-tion and Physical Items by a Technical InvestigatorE1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and RelatedDocumentationE1492 P

8、ractice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, andRetrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory3. General Protocol3.1 General InformationSexual assault is an underre-ported crime. The most serious misunderstandings displayedon the part of investigators are common misunderstandings ofparticular

9、categories of victims (enumerated below) and a lackof willingness to work with professionals in allied disciplineswho also provide valuable services in this area:3.1.1 Sensitivity to victim needs,3.1.2 The elderly victim,3.1.3 The disabled victim,3.1.4 The male victim,3.1.5 The child victim (see Sec

10、tion 4),3.1.6 The cultural heritage of the victim,3.1.7 The homosexual victim, and3.1.8 The deceased victim.3.2 Initial Law Enforcement ResponseSexual assaultsmost often come to the attention of law enforcement personnelas initial responders. It is essential for initial responders to havein place me

11、chanisms for the immediate notification of alliedprofessionals that must also respond in a timely manner toeffect the proper investigation of these incidents. The followingtopical areas should be addressed in written procedures by lawenforcement agencies responding to sexual assaults:3.2.1 Victim sa

12、fety and security;3.2.2 Activate multidisciplinary team;3.2.3 Initial victim interview and transport to examiningfacility;3.2.4 Scene security;3.2.5 Scene search;3.2.6 Evidence identification, recovery, and security; nd3.2.7 Suspect detection, apprehension, and interview.3.3 Treatment PlanEach treat

13、ment facility that deals withindividuals involved in sexual assaults as victims or suspects,or both, should promulgate written procedures that detail thefollowing areas of attention:3.3.1 Facility,3.3.2 Transfer,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is t

14、he direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1843 96 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/E1843-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm

15、.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standardss Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.3.3 Inta

16、ke,3.3.4 Reporting,3.3.5 Attending personnel,3.3.6 Medico-legal consent, and3.3.7 Evidentiary and medical examinations.3.4 Documentation and Evidence CollectionWrittenstanding operating procedures concerning evidence collectionand documentation should be published by any organization(law enforcement

17、, health care, laboratory, private contractor, orvolunteer organizations, or both) involved in the investigationof sexual assaults. These procedures should address the fol-lowing areas:3.4.1 General Information:3.4.1.1 Documentation and terminology,3.4.1.2 Preserving the integrity of evidence,3.4.1.

18、3 Body diagrams/illustrations (genital and non-genitaltrauma), and3.4.1.4 Photography.3.4.2 Spermatozoa/Semen,3.4.3 Clothing,3.4.4 Swabs and Smears,3.4.5 Bitemarks or other patterned injuries,3.4.6 Hair,3.4.7 Fingernails,3.4.8 Blood specimens,3.4.9 Saliva specimens, and3.4.10 Other physical evidence

19、.3.5 Laboratory RequestsLaboratory requests should fol-low a standard format and include pertinent details of theincident and the individuals involved so as to maximizelaboratory capabilities:3.5.1 Medical history,3.5.2 Incident particulars, and3.5.3 Examination procedures and findings.3.6 Transmitt

20、al of Evidence (see Guide E1459 and PracticeE1492):3.6.1 Specimen integrity,3.6.2 Transport of evidence, and3.6.3 Chain of custody.3.7 Post-Examination ProceduresIn the sexual assault,post-examination procedures are important due to the emo-tional trauma generally involved in incidents of this type,

21、 forreasons of personal hygiene and continued care, and for thepotential for the development of evidence that may not yet beapparent to investigators. The following areas concerning postexamination procedures are important as a part of examiningand investigating agency protocol:3.7.1 Patient informa

22、tion;3.7.2 Follow-up contacts;3.7.3 Informational brochures;3.7.4 Clean-up, change of clothing, and transportation;3.7.5 Law enforcement investigative interview;3.7.6 Case evaluation; and3.7.7 Follow-up medical examination.4. Child Protocol4.1 General InformationSo many special considerationsexist w

23、hen the investigation of a child sexual assault isundertaken that special considerations and protocols are re-quired. The general categorical rules concerning adult sexualassault investigations, as enumerated in Section 3 is alsoapplicable to the child sexual assault investigation, exceptwhere super

24、ceded below. Also, agencies undertaking childsexual assault investigation should develop protocols address-ing the issues enumerated below:4.1.1 Major categories of child sexual assault and abuse,and4.1.2 Communication.4.2 Initial Law Enforcement Response:4.2.1 General procedures,4.2.2 Special consi

25、derations in cases involving childvictims, and4.2.3 Interagency coordination.4.3 Treatment Plan:4.3.1 Facility;4.3.2 Intake or transfer, or both;4.3.3 Reporting;4.3.4 Attending personnel;4.3.5 Consent; and4.3.6 Child interviews.4.4 Documentation and Evidence Collection:4.4.1 General information.4.4.

26、2 Physical examination:4.4.2.1 Anal, perianal, and perineal areas; and4.4.2.2 Genitalia.4.4.3 Evidence collection (differences between adult andchild).4.5 Post-Examination Procedures:4.5.1 Patient information, and4.5.2 Law enforcement investigative interview.5. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)5.1

27、 General InformationOrganizations undertakingsexual assault investigations must be cognizant of varioussexually transmitted diseases and be prepared to identify, treator refer for treatment infected persons, or both, as well asprotect others from disease transmission. Protocols should bedeveloped fo

28、r the recognition, treatment, and prevention of thetransmission of the following sexually transmitted diseases:5.1.1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),5.1.2 Chlamydia,5.1.3 Gonococcal infections,5.1.4 Syphilis,5.1.5 Genital herpes simplex virus infection (HSV),5.1.6 Trichomonas vaginalis,5.1.7 Geni

29、tal and anal warts (condyloma acuminatum),5.1.8 Vaginosis, and5.1.9 Hepatitis.6. Keywords6.1 criminal investigation; criminalistics; forensic sciences;sexual assaultE1843 162APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EVIDENCE COLLECTION KIT SPECIFICATIONSX1.1 Container SpecificationsX1.1.1 Size, andX1.

30、1.2 Construction.X1.2 Kit ComponentsX1.2.1 Paper Envelopes:X1.2.1.1 Miscellaneous envelopes,X1.2.1.2 Hair combings,X1.2.1.3 Known hair,X1.2.1.4 Body fluid stain recovery, andX1.2.1.5 Known body fluid.X1.2.2 Blood tubes,X1.2.3 Combs,X1.2.4 Prepackaged swabs,X1.2.5 Frosted-end slides,X1.2.6 Evidence s

31、ealing tape,X1.2.7 Large and small paper bags,X1.2.8 Large white paper or sheet,X1.2.9 Nail evidence retrieval devices, andX1.2.10 Saliva retrieval devices.X1.3 Kit Printed MaterialsX1.3.1 Outside cover label,X1.3.2 Inside cover inventory label,X1.3.3 Instructions to examining team,X1.3.4 Physical e

32、xaminers report,X1.3.5 Examinee interview report,X1.3.6 Authorization for release of information form,X1.3.7 Chain of custody form, andX1.3.8 Forensic Science Laboratory Request/Report.X2. ADDITIONAL EXAMINATION MATERIALSX2.1 InstrumentsX2.1.1 Speculum.ASTM International takes no position respecting

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