ASTM E1729-2005 Standard Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination 《测定后成铅用干涂料样品的现场采集标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1729 05Standard Practice forField Collection of Dried Paint Samples for SubsequentLead Determination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1729; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the collection of samples of driedpaint and other coatings from buildings.1.2 This practice

3、 is used to collect samples for subsequentdetermination of lead on an area basis (milligrams of lead perarea sampled) or concentration basis (milligrams of lead pergram of dried paint collected or mass percent).1.3 This practice does not address the sampling designcriteria (that is, sampling plan th

4、at includes the number andlocation of samples) that are used for risk assessment and otherlead hazard activities.1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and arenot part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.

5、6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Doc

6、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE 1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) Techniq

7、uesE 2051 Practice for the Determination of Lead in Paint,Settled Dust, Soil, and Air Particulate by Field-PortableElectroanalysisE 2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preserva-tion for Lead Hazard Activities3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms not appearinghere, see Termino

8、logy E 1605.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 paint collection trayany clean, dry, lead-free con-tainer for use in catching paint scrapings.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThis practice describes the use ofletter-size white paper for making a funnel type collection tray.However, other types

9、 of collection trays can be utilized.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Dried paint samples are collected from areas of knowndimensions using heat gun, cold-scraping, or coring methods.5. Significance and Use5.1 Although this practice is intended for the collection ofdried paint samples in and around buildin

10、gs for the subsequentdetermination of lead content, this practice may also be used tocollect paint samples from other structures for lead analysis.35.2 The variability associated with the sampling of driedpaint is generally considered to be far higher than the variabil-ity associated with the analys

11、es of the paint specimens.Therefore, it is essential that sample collection be properlycontrolled to produce representative and meaningful samples.5.3 These samples are collected in a manner that will permitsubsequent digestion and determination of lead using labora-tory analysis techniques such as

12、Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E 1613),or using field analysis techniques such as anodic strippingvoltammetry (see Test Method E 2051).6. Materials and Equipment6.1 Resealable Rigid Walled Containers, f

13、or use as paintcollection containers.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapprov

14、ed in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2004 E 1729 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.

15、3Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Hazards in Housing,U.S. Department of HUD, Washington, DC, June 1995.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.1 Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of

16、asuitable, resealable, rigid-walled container.6.1.2 Resealable plastic bags are not suitable for holdingand transporting dried paint samples due to potential losses ofpaint chips during laboratory handling for test specimenpreparation.6.2 Steel or Plastic Measuring RulerUse metric-onlyrulers with mi

17、llimetre and centimetre divisions (see Note 1).NOTE 1Since the unit used to report the amount of lead in dried paintsamples is generally milligram per square centimetre, use of non-metricmeasuring tools at the sampling site where paint collection is beingperformed should be avoided.6.3 Sampling Temp

18、lates (Optional)Minimum inside di-mensions of 2.5 by 2.5 cm (1 in.2), reusable aluminum or steeltemplate of accurately known dimensions (see Notes 1 and 2).NOTE 2Templates should be thin (less than 3 mm), and be capable oflying flat on a flat surface.6.4 Cloths, for use in cleaning sampling equipmen

19、t.6.5 White Paper (Letter-Size) for Making Paper Funnels,for use in making paint collection trays to capture dried paintscrapings.6.6 Masking and Duct Tape.6.7 Indelible (Permanent) Marking Pen.6.8 Personal Safety GearItems such as safety glasses orgoggles, half-mask respirators fitted with organic

20、vapor/HEPAfilters, and a fire extinguisher (see Note 3).NOTE 3Use of respirators and fire extinguisher are recommended forcollection of dried paint using the heat-gun method.6.9 Cutting and Scraping Tools:6.9.1 Sharp-edged razor knife,6.9.2 Single-edged safety razor blades,6.9.3 Pocket knife with lo

21、cking blade,6.9.4 Rigid blade paint scrapper with extra blades,6.9.5 Flexible putty knife,6.9.6 Chisels, a variety of wood and cold chisels,6.9.7 Hammer, and6.9.8 Sharp-edged coring tool, minimum diameter of 2.5cm, with a bottle brush for cleaning.6.10 Electrical Heat Gun With Extension Cords and Po

22、werSource.6.11 Flashlight or Other Lighting Equipment.6.12 Plastic Gloves, powderless.6.13 Trash Bags.7. Procedure7.1 General Comments:7.1.1 The ease of collecting dried paint samples is depen-dent on the condition of the paint and the type of substrate.Sample collection is more difficult on some su

23、bstrates thanothers. In general, collection of dried paint from brick, con-crete, and wood is more difficult than sampling from plaster,drywall, and metal.7.1.2 Cutting tools used for collecting dried paint from onesampling location may not be effective at other locations. Thus,on-site access to a v

24、ariety of paint collection tools is requiredto collect samples from a range of different substrates.7.1.3 Paint surfaces on and adjacent to sampling locationsshould be cleaned with a damp cloth if dusty or dirty prior tocollecting a sample.7.1.4 Sample collection requires four major steps: (1) mark-

25、ing the collection area, (2) setting up a paint collection tray, (3)removing the paint, and (4) transferring the collected sample tothe paint collection container. Each of these steps is describedas follows:7.2 Marking the Collection Area (See Note 4):NOTE 4If a coring tool removal procedure is to b

26、e used, go to 7.3.7.2.1 Template-Assisted Marking ProcedureCarefullyplace a clean sampling template on the paint surface at thesampling location. While manually holding the template firmlyin place, mark an outline of the area using an indelible markingpen or score (cut into the paint) an outline of

27、the area to besampled by pulling a razor knife or equivalent cutting toolalong the inside edge of the template. Remove the template andcarefully retrace the scored outline with the cutting tool,cutting down to the substrate. Clean the template with a cloth.7.2.2 Freehand Marking ProcedureUsing a rul

28、er, care-fully draw an outline of a rectangular sampling area on thepainted surface at the sampling location with an indeliblemarking pen. Determine the dimensions of the length andwidth of the outlined area to the nearest millimetre. Score anoutline of the sampling location by pulling a razor knife

29、 orequivalent cutting tool along the marked outline. Make asecond pass along the marked outline with the cutting tool,cutting down to the substrate. Clean the ruler with a cloth7.3 Setting Up a Paint Collection Tray (See 3.2.1):7.3.1 Use a sheet of letter-size white paper for making apaper funnel fo

30、r paint sample collection.7.3.1.1 In cases where the sampling location is too small toaccommodate a funnel made with a sheet of the letter-sizepaper, cut the paper to an appropriate smaller size.7.3.2 For Vertical SurfacesCenter a piece of tape alongone of the long edges of a clean sheet of white pa

31、per. The tapeshould be slightly shorter than the paper and placed so thatsufficient adhesive is available to firmly stick the paper to thepainted surface (see Note 5). Stick the paper directly below thelocation to be sampled with the taped edge closest to the scoredlocation. Pull the two lower corne

32、rs of the paper together andoverlap slightly to form a funnel. Use a piece of tape to securethe lower corners together. Fold the bottom of the newly madefunnel up and use a piece of tape to permanently close off thefunnel bottom. Be sure no sticky tape surfaces are exposed onthe inside of the closed

33、 bottom funnel. Tap the funnel to checkthat it will not come undone or come off the surface if jarredduring paint removal activities.NOTE 5Either masking or duct tape can be successfully used in mostlocations. However, for extremely dirty surfaces, the area where the tapeis to contact the painted su

34、rface may have to be cleaned to achieve goodadhesion. Use of a wet cloth followed by a dry paper towel can generallyproduce a sufficiently clean surface.7.3.3 For Horizontal Surfaces (Painted Surfaces FacingUp)Tape a clean sheet of white paper directly adjacent to thelocation to be sampled and make

35、a closed bottom funnel in thesame manner as described in 7.3.2.E17290527.3.4 For Overhead Horizontal Surfaces (Painted SurfacesFacing Down)Make a closed bottom funnel in the samemanner as described in 7.3.2. Affix the funnel to the paintedsurface so that it is directly under the location to be sampl

36、ed orattach the funnel it to a ladder or similar support structurebeneath the sample location.7.4 Removing the PaintRemove paint using the heat-gunmethod in 7.4.1, the cold scraping method in 7.4.2,orthecoring method in 7.4.3. See Appendix X1 for information onchoosing a method. Don plastic gloves a

37、s appropriate.7.4.1 Heat-Gun Method7.4.1.1 (CautionUse of a heat gun on painted surfacescauses release of organic vapors. Thus, this method shall not beperformed in areas occupied by persons not protected withappropriate respiratory protection).7.4.1.2 ProcedureUsing a heat gun, gently heat the scor

38、edpaint surface until the paint just starts to soften and blister. Donot overheat the paint. If the paint is scorched or discoloredduring heating, then too much heat has been applied and a newlocation must be selected and marked. Using a clean, rigidblade paint scraper or chisel, dig into one edge o

39、f the scoredarea and scrape the paint off (Note 6). Intermittent use of theheat gun during scraping will ease paint removal. Carefullyscrape away all the paint within the marked area down to thesubstrate and ensure that all the scraped paint lands in, or ispushed into, the paint collection tray. Min

40、imize inclusion ofsubstrate material (see Note 6). Dispose of any gloves usedafter completing collection of each sample.NOTE 6Removal of substrate must be minimized during paint collec-tion and complete collection of the paint from the substrate must bemaximized. Under ideal conditions, the collecte

41、d dried sample will haveno substrate and, after collection, the sampling location will be completelyfree of paint. When it is not possible to obtain a dried paint sample free ofsubstrate material, such as brick and concrete, include the minimumamount needed to completely remove the paint from the su

42、bstrate. Onwood substrates, scrape in the direction of the wood grain, not against it,to minimize inclusion of substrate in the collected sample.7.4.2 Cold-Scraping MethodUsing the appropriate cut-ting tool for a particular substrate or condition of the paintedsurface and sample location, begin remo

43、ving the paint from thesubstrate. If possible, peel the paint from the substrate bysliding the blade along the score and underneath the paint. Ifproblems are encountered in removing the paint sample, use ascraping tool, safety razor blade, or other equivalent tool to aidin paint removal (Note 6). Ca

44、refully scrape away all the paintwithin the marked area down to the substrate and ensure that allthe scraped paint lands in, or is pushed into, the paint collectiontray. Dispose of any gloves used after completing collection ofeach sample.7.4.3 Coring MethodPlace a piece of masking tape overthe samp

45、ling location (see Notes 7 and 8). Place the coring toolagainst the taped area and cut down into the paint down to thesubstrate using a circular motion (Note 6). Tip the coring toolslightly to one side to help break the paint sample core from thelocation. Carefully retract the coring tool. If the pa

46、int sample islodged inside the coring tool, push it into the paint collectiontray using an appropriate clean tool such as a stiff plastic rod.If the paint sample remains on the location scored by the coringtool, use an appropriate cutting tool to carefully scrape away allthe paint within the cored a

47、rea down to the substrate and ensurethat all the scraped paint lands in, or is pushed into, the paintcollection tray. Dispose of any gloves used after completing thecollection of each sample.NOTE 7The tape is used to hold the paint surface together duringcoring. It aids in avoiding breakup of the pa

48、int outside of the cored areaand reduces breakup of the collected sample.NOTE 8Use of masking tape on the painted surface to be sampled isinappropriate if it is intended to extract lead by ultrasonic extraction (UE)of the specimen after it has been manually ground.7.4.4 Cleaning Paint Collection Too

49、ls:7.4.4.1 Clean the coring tool with a bottle brush and cloth.7.4.4.2 Clean all other cutting tools used during paintcollection with a cloth.7.5 Transferring the Collected Sample to the Paint Collec-tion Container:7.5.1 Remove the paint collection tray from the samplinglocation, taking care to avoid sample spillage. Carefully tap allthe collected paint into the paint collection container. Seal thepaint collection container.7.5.1.1 Dispose of paint sampling trays made of paper in atrash bag.7.5.1.2 If a reusable paint collection tray is used, clean itthoroughly