ASTM E1719-2005 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquids by Ebulliometry《用沸点测定法测定液体蒸气压力的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: E 1719 05Standard Test Method forVapor Pressure of Liquids by Ebulliometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes procedures for determinationof the vapor pressure of liquids by ebulliometry (boiling pointmeasurements). It is a
3、pplicable to pure liquids and azeotropesthat have an atmospheric boiling point between 285 and 575 Kand that can be condensed completely and returned to theebulliometer boiler, that is, all materials must be condensableat total reflux. Liquid mixtures may be studied if they do notcontain non-condens
4、able components. Liquid mixtures thatcontain trace amounts of volatile but completely condensablecomponents may also be studied, but they will produce vaporpressure data of greater uncertainty. Boiling point temperaturesare measured at applied pressures of 1.0 to 100 kPa (7.5 to 760torr).1.2 SI unit
5、s are the standard.1.3 There is no ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the ap
6、plica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Rela-tionship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquidsby Isoten
7、iscopeE1 Specification for ASTM ThermometersE 1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical PropertiesE 1194 Test Method for Vapor PressureE 1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalyti-cal Data3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The following terms are applicable to this test methodand ca
8、n be found in Terminology E 1142; boiling temperatureand vapor pressure.3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test methodrefer to Terminology E 1142.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ebulliometera one-stage, total-reflux boiler de-signed to minimize superheating of
9、 the boiling liquid.3.2.2 manostata device for maintaining constant vacuumor pressure.3.2.3 superheatingthe act of heating a liquid above theequilibrium boiling temperature for a particular applied pres-sure.3.3 Symbols:Symbols:A, B, C = Antoine vapor pressure equation constants (log10,kPa, K) for t
10、he Antoine vapor pressure equation: log10P= AB/(T+C).P = vapor pressure, kPa.T = absolute temperature, K.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is charged to the ebulliometer boiler. Theebulliometer is connected to a manostat, and coolant iscirculated through the ebulliometer condenser. The manosta
11、t isset at a low pressure, and the specimen is heated to the boilingtemperature. The boiling temperature and manostat pressureare recorded upon reaching a steady-state, and the manostatpressure is raised to a higher value.Asuitable number (usuallyfive or more) of boiling temperature points are recor
12、ded atsuccessively higher controlled pressures. The pressure-temperature data are fitted to the Antoine vapor pressureequation. Vapor pressure values required for specific reportsare then computed from the derived equation.4.2 The capability of the entire apparatus (ebulliometer,thermometer, manosta
13、t, etc.) is checked periodically by theprocedure described in Annex A1. This procedure consists ofmeasuring the boiling temperature data for a pure reference1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on ThermalMeasurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01
14、 on TestMethods and Recommended Practices.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1719 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
15、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.substance such as water and comparing the derived vaporpressur
16、e data to the known reference values.5. Significance and Use5.1 Vapor pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic prop-erty of a liquid. Vapor pressure and boiling temperature dataare required for material safety data sheets (MSDS), theestimation of volatile organic compounds (VOC), and otherneeds relat
17、ed to product safety. Vapor pressures are importantfor prediction of the transport of a chemical in the environ-ment; see Test Method E 1194.6. Interferences6.1 This test method is limited to materials that are ther-mally stable over the measurement temperature range. Boilingtemperatures that drift
18、monotonically (not cyclically) up ordown and specimen discoloration and smoking are indicationsof thermal instability due to decomposition or polymerization.See Test Method D 2879 (9.3 and Note 16 therein). Vaporpressure data may be measured at temperatures below theinitial decomposition or polymeri
19、zation temperature; see 9.7and 10.2.6.2 The test method is limited to materials that boilsmoothly under the operation conditions of the ebulliometer.Materials that“ bump” continually, boil erratically, or ejectmaterial through the condenser are not suitable for study bythis test method.7. Apparatus7
20、.1 EbulliometerA vapor-lift-pump, stirred-flask, orequivalent type of ebulliometer.7.1.1 For Example, a Vapor-Lift-Pump Ebulliometer3Fig.1 shows the dimensions for an example twin-arm ebulliometer,which is a one-stage, total-reflux boiler equipped with avapor-lift pump to spray slugs of equilibrated
21、 liquid and vaporon a thermometer well. The boiler (e), which is constructedfrom concentric pieces of 200-mm glass tubing (5 and 10-mmoutside diameter), has powdered glass fused to the heatedsurface to promote smooth boiling. The boiler is wrapped withan electrical heater. Twin vapor-lift pumps (d-c
22、onstructed of270-mm lengths of 5-mm outside diameter glass tubing) sprayliquid and vapor slugs on a 100-mm thermometer well (c) thatis wrapped with a glass spiral to promote thermal equilibration.The vapor-lift pumps dissipate the effects of superheating. Theebulliometer is connected to the manostat
23、 through a 200-mmreflux condenser (b); see 7.3. The side view in Fig. 1 shows aseptum port and stopcock (f and i) where materials may becharged to the apparatus. Except for the condenser, septumport, and stopcock, the entire ebulliometer is insulated with asuitable case or wrapping. A window should
24、be left to observethe smoothness of boiling and the return rate (drop rate) ofcondensed vapor into the 125-mL boiler return reservoir.7.1.1.1 For example, a Swietoslawski-type ebulliometer4may be used instead.7.1.2 For example, a Stirred-Flask Ebulliometer, Fig. 2shows an example of a stirred-flask
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