ASTM E1610-2018 Standard Guide for Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison《法医油漆分析和比较标准指南》.pdf
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1、Designation: E1610 17E1610 18Standard Guide forForensic Paint Analysis and Comparison1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Forensic paint analyses and comparisons are typically distinguished by sample size that precludes the application of manystandard industrial pai
3、nt analysis procedures or protocols. The forensic paint examiner must address concerns such as the issuesof a case or investigation, sample size, complexity and condition, environmental effects, and collection methods. These factorsrequire that the forensic paint examiner choose test methods, sample
4、 preparation schemes, test sequence, and degree of samplealteration and consumption that are suitable to each specific case.1.2 This guide is intended as an introduction to standard guides for forensic examination of paints and coatings. It is intendedto assist individuals who conduct forensic paint
5、 analyses in their evaluation, selection, and application of tests that maycan be ofvalue to their investigations. This guide describes methods to develop discriminatory information using an efficient and reasonableorder of testing. The need for validated methods and quality assurance guidelines is
6、also addressed. This document is not intendedas a detailed methods description or rigid scheme for the analysis and comparison of paints, but as a guide to the strengths andlimitations of each analytical method. The goal is to provide a consistent approach to forensic paint analysis.1.3 This guide c
7、annot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience andshould be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
8、1.5 Some of the methods discussed in this guide involve the use of dangerous chemicals, temperatures, and radiation sources.This guide does not purport to address the possible safety hazards or precautions associated with its application. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety co
9、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with in
10、ternationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16
11、Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ApplicationsD1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE SystemE1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Labo
12、ratoryE2808 Guide for Microspectrophotometry and Color Measurement in Forensic Paint AnalysisE2809 Guide for Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-Ray Spectrometry in Forensic Paint ExaminationsE2937 Guide for Using Infrared Spectroscopy in Forensic Paint Examinations3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor
13、definitions of terms used in this guide other than those listed in 3.2, see Terminology D16.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.C
14、urrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2017Feb. 15, 2018. Published September 2017February 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20142017as E1610 14.E1610 17. DOI: 10.1520/E1610-17.10.1520/E1610-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or conta
15、ctASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
16、 made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
17、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 additive (modifier)any substance added in a small quantity to improve properties. Additives maycan include substancessuch as driers, corrosion inhibitors, catalysts, ultraviolet ab
18、sorbers, plasticizers, etc.3.2.2 bindera non-volatile portion of a paint which serves to bind or cement the pigment particles together.3.2.3 coatinga generic term for paint, lacquer, enamel, or other liquid or liquifiable material which is converted to a solid,protective, decorative, or combination
19、thereof, film after application.3.2.4 discriminateto distinguish between two samples based on significantmeaningful differences; to differentiate.3.2.5 discriminating powerthe ability of an analytical procedure to distinguish between two items of different origin.3.2.6 known samplea coating sample o
20、f established origin.3.2.7 meaningful differencea feature or property of a sample that does not fall within the variation exhibited by the comparisonsample, considering the limitations of the sample or technique, and therefore indicates the two samples do not share a commonorigin. The use of this te
21、rm does not imply the formal application of statistics.3.2.8 paintcommonly known as a pigmented coating (see 3.2.3).3.2.9 pigmenta finely ground, inorganic or organic, insoluble, dispersed particle. Besides color, a pigment maycan providemany of the essential properties of paint, such as opacity, ha
22、rdness, durability, and corrosion resistance. The term pigment includesextenders.3.2.10 questioned samplea coating sample whose original source is unknown.3.2.10 significant differencea difference between two samples that indicates that the two samples do not have a commonorigin.4. Quality Assurance
23、 Considerations4.1 Aquality assurance program must be used to ensure that analytical testing procedures and reporting of results are monitoredby means of proficiency tests and technical audits. General quality assurance guidelines may be found in “Trace Evidence QualityAssurance Guidelines” (1).35.
24、Summary of PracticeGuide5.1 Paint films are characterized by a number of physical and chemical features. The physical characteristics maycan includecolor, layer sequence and thickness, surface and layer features, contaminants, and weathering. Chemical components maycaninclude pigments, polymers, add
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