ASTM E1590-2016 Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses《床垫着火试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: E1590 13E1590 16 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Testing of Mattresses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la

2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior o

3、f mattresses used in public occupancies bymeasuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen, a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a specifiedflaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with foundations

4、.1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior, following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition untilall burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of mattr

5、esses under fire conditions other than thosespecified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.12 for furtherinformation.1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.

6、4 for furtherinformation.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in thecombustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further information.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.1.9 Use the S

7、I system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate a

8、ll factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conductingthese tests.1.12 This standard does not purport to

9、address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Termino

10、logy Relating to TextilesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases

11、 Present or Generated During Fires1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings andContents.Current edition approved April 1, 2013Nov. 15, 2016. Published April 2013December 2016. Originally

12、 approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20122013as E1590 12.E1590 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1590-13.10.1520/E1590-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refe

13、r to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all cha

14、nges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Ba

15、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Comp

16、onents or CompositesUsing a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption CalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered FurnitureE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and AssembliesIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Int

17、ernational System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and Textile ProductsVocabularyISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Test for Surface ProductsISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary2.3 UL Standards:4UL 1056 Fire Test of Upholstered Furniture (wi

18、thdrawn)UL 1895 Fire Test of Mattresses (withdrawn)2.4 CA Standards:5CA Technical Bulletin 121 Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public OccupanciesCA Technical Bulletin 129 Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 Flammabilit

19、y Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies2.5 Other Documents:CFR Part 1632 Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads (formerly DOC FF4-72, 40 FR 59940)6Nordtest Method NT Fire 032 Upholstered Furniture: Burning BehaviorFull Scale Test72.6 NFPA Standards

20、:8NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full HeightPanels and WallsNFPA286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definit

21、ions of terms used in this test method and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminologycontained in Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail. Fordefinitions of terms used in this test method and associated with textile issu

22、es, refer to the terminology contained in TerminologyD123 and ISO 4880. In case of conflict, the definitions given in Terminology D123 shall prevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 product, nmattress, or mattress with foundation, for which fire-test-response characteristics

23、are to be measured.3.2.2 specimen, nthe manufactured item of the product, or representative prototype of the product.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This fire-test-response test method determines a number of fire-test-response characteristics associated with a full-scale testspecimen, mattress or mattr

24、ess with foundation, ignited with a propane gas burner. Measurements to be made include the rate ofheat and smoke release, total amount of heat released, rates and concentrations of carbon oxides released, and rates and amountsof mass of test specimen lost. Other optional measurements are also descr

25、ibed.4.2 In Test ConfigurationsAand B, the test specimen is placed on a weighing platform located in a test room.An exhaust hood,connected to a duct, is located at the doorway of the room.4.3 In Test Configuration C, the test specimen is placed on a weighing platform located directly under a hood.4.

26、4 Heat, smoke, and combustion gas release instrumentation is placed in the duct.4.5 Additional (optional) instrumentation placed in the test room is also described.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring a variety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from

27、 burning a testspecimen, mattress or mattress with foundation. After ignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen is permitted to burn3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www

28、.iso.ch.4 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5 Available from Bureau of Electronic andAppliance Repair, Home Furnishings andThermal Insulation, State of California, Dept. of ConsumerAffairs, 3485 Orange GroveAve., North Highlands, CA 9

29、5660-5595, www.bhfti.ca.gov.6 Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 East West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.7 Available from Nordtest, P.O. Box 22, SF-00341, Helsingfors, Finland.8 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch

30、 Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.E1590 162freely under well-ventilated conditions. The most important fire-test-response characteristic measured in this test method is the rateof heat release, which quantifies the intensity of the fire generated.5.2 The rate of heat release is measur

31、ed by the principle of oxygen consumption. Annex A3 discusses the assumptions andlimitations.5.3 This test method also provides measures of other fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (as the rateof smoke release, total smoke released, or optical density of smoke), combusti

32、on gas release (as concentrations of combustiongases), and mass loss, which are important to making decisions on fire safety.5.4 In the majority of fires, the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. Theyare indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere

33、and of the completeness of combustion. Measurement of concentrations of carbonoxides are useful for two purposes: (1) as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and (2) to improve the accuracy of heat releasemeasurements. Other toxic combustion gases, which are specific to certain materials, are

34、 also indicators of the toxicity of theatmosphere, but are less crucial for determining combustion completeness and are optional measures; however, fire hazardassessment often requires their measurement.5.5 The type of ignition chosen (flaming source) is common in both accidental and intentional fir

35、es in public occupancies. Thetest method is thus applicable to mattresses in public occupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, health-carefacilities, old age convalescent and board and care homes, and college dormitories and residence halls.5.6 One of the following three configura

36、tions is to be used in this test method:5.6.1 Test Configuration AA test room with the following dimensions: 3.66 by 2.44 by 2.44 m (12 by 8 by 8 ft) high.5.6.2 Test Configuration BA test room with the following dimensions: 3.66 by 3.05 by 2.44 m (12 by 10 by 8 ft) high.5.6.3 Test Configuration CAn

37、open calorimeter (or furniture calorimeter).5.7 Rooms of other dimensions are acceptable where it has been shown that equivalent test results are obtained.5.8 Measurements in the three test configurations listed in 5.6 have been shown to give similar results for heat release in theduct, and mass los

38、s, up to a rate of heat release of 600 kW (1).95.9 Measurements of temperatures, gas concentrations, and smoke obscuration in the room are dependent on room size.5.10 This test method has been designed to provide details for the means to build and operate equipment capable of runningtests as require

39、d by CA TB 129. However, this test method is more general than that technical bulletin.5.11 Studies on the flammability performance of mattresses indicate that bench scale fire tests are useful for preliminaryevaluations of component materials for substitution purposes (see Appendix X3).5.12 Limitat

40、ions:5.12.1 This test method is not applicable to ignition by cigarettes, or by any other smoldering source.5.12.2 The ignition source in this test method is a flaming source, and it has been shown that mattresses, particularly in publicoccupancies, are involved in fires with flaming ignition source

41、s. Moreover, this particular ignition source has been shown to beable to provide a distinction between different kinds of mattress items. However, the fraction of actual flaming mattress firesoccurring with ignitions more or less intense than that used here is not known.5.12.3 It is not known whethe

42、r the results of this test method will be equally valid when a mattress is burned under conditionsdifferent from those specified. In particular, it is unclear whether the use of a different ignition source, or the same ignition sourcebut having a different duration of flame exposure or a different g

43、as-flow rate, will change the results.5.12.4 The value of rate of heat release corresponding to the critical limit between propagating mattress fires andnon-propagating fires is not known.5.12.5 As yet, there is not a known direct correlation between smoke obscuration or smoke toxicity measurements

44、in the exhaustduct and overall fire hazard.6. Apparatus6.1 Room Layout and Instrumentation:6.1.1 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration A)The test room shall have dimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mmby 2.44 m 6 25 mm (8 by 12 by 8 ft) high. The room shall have no openings other than a doorwa

45、y opening 0.76 m 6 6.4 mmby 2.03 m 6 6.4 mm (30 by 80 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 1, and other small openings, as necessary, to make testmeasurements. Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, and line it with fire-rated gypsum wallboard or calcium silicatewallboard. Position a hood,

46、as described in Annex A1, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects all of the combustiongases. There shall be no obstructions to the air supply to the test setup.NOTE 1Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wallboard with a thickness of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) have been found a

47、cceptable. Ifthe thickness of the wallboard is larger, it will not affect the results of this test method.9 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.E1590 1636.1.2 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration B)The test room shall have dimensions of

48、3.05 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mmby 2.44 m 6 25 mm (10 by 12 by 8 ft) high. The room shall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m 6 6.4 mmby 2.06 m 6 6.4 mm (38 by 81 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 2, and other small openings, as necessary, to make testmeasurements. Construct the te

49、st room of wooden or metal studs, and line it with fire-rated gypsum wallboard or calcium silicatewallboard. Position a hood, as described in Annex A1, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects all of the combustiongases. There shall be no obstructions to the air supply to the test method setup. (See Note 1.)6.1.3 Open Calorimeter Layout (Test Configuration C):6.1.3.1 The area surrounding the test specimen in an open calorimeter layout shall be sufficiently large that there are no heatradiation effects from the walls or any other nearby obje