ASTM E1557-2009(2015) Standard Classification for Building Elements and Related Sitework&x2014 UNIFORMAT II《建筑构件和相关现场工程的标准分类 统一格式II》.pdf

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1、Designation: E1557 09 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Classification forBuilding Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT II1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification establishes a classification of buildingelements and related sitework. Elements, as defined h

3、ere, aremajor components common to most buildings. Elements usu-ally perform a given function, regardless of the designspecification, construction method, or materials used. Theclassification serves as a consistent reference for analysis,evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility, planning, a

4、nddesign stages of buildings. Using UNIFORMAT II ensuresconsistency in the economic evaluation of buildings projectsover time and from project to project. It also enhancesreporting at all stages in constructionfrom feasibility andplanning through the preparation of working documents,construction, ma

5、intenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.1.2 This classification applies to buildings and related sitework. It excludes specialized process equipment related to abuildings functional use but does include furnishings andequipment.1.3 The classification incorporates three hierarchical levelsdescribed a

6、s Levels 1, 2, and 3. Appendix X1 presents a moredetailed suggested Level 4 classification of sub-elements.1.4 UNIFORMAT II is an elemental format similar to theoriginal UNIFORMAT2elemental classification. UNIFOR-MAT II differs from the original UNIFORMAT, however, inthat it takes into consideration

7、 a broader range of buildingtypes and has been updated to categorize building elements asthey are in current building practice.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards

8、:3E833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building SystemsE1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return andAdjusted Interna

9、l Rate of Return for Investments inBuildings and Building SystemsE1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savingsfor Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments inBuildings and Building SystemsE1185 Guide for Selecting Economic Methods f

10、or Evaluat-ing Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildingsand Building SystemsE1804 Practice for Performing and Reporting Cost AnalysisDuring the Design Phase of a ProjectE2083 Classifica

11、tion for Building Construction FieldRequirements, and Office Overhead it provides the basis for the preparation of moredetailed elemental estimates during the early concept andpreliminary design phases, and it enhances communicationsamong designers and other building professionals by providinga clea

12、r statement of the designers intent. See Appendix X3 fora sample preliminary project description (PPD) based onUNIFORMAT II.4.3.8 Coding and referencing standard details in computer-aided design systems. This allows an architect, for example, toreference an exterior wall assembly according to UNIFOR

13、-MAT II element designations and build up a database ofstandard details structured according to the classification.4.4 UNIFORMAT II, as described in this classification,includes sitework normally related to buildings but does notapply to major civil works. It is also unsuitable for processapplicatio

14、ns or for preparing trade estimates.5. Basis of Classification5.1 What part of the built environment is included? Theframework in Fig. 1 shows how buildings and related siteworkfit in with the rest of the built environment. This classificationdescribes exclusively the elements that make up the block

15、sshaded under the building block, that is, construction ofbuildings and related sitework. UNIFORMAT II does not treatother aspects of buildings or other features of the builtenvironment, which are indicated by the non-shaded blocks.NOTE 1The other features of the built environment in Fig. 1 are list

16、edfor illustrative purposes and are not intended to be a comprehensive list ofother features.5.2 Criteria for the ClassificationThe selectedclassification, what items to include in it, and in which parts ofthe classification to include them are based on the followingcriteria:5.2.1 The classification

17、 will be applicable to any buildingtype, while at the same time allowing for details desirable forspecialized buildings. The classification of building elements5For a more comprehensive discussion of the uses of UNIFORMAT II, seeBowen, Charette, and Marshall, UNIFORMAT IIA Recommended Classification

18、for Building Elements and Related Sitework, National Institute of Standards andTechnology Special Publication 841, Gaithersburg, MD, 1992, and Charette andMarshall, UNIFORMAT II Elemental Classification for Building Specifications,Cost Estimating, and Cost Analysis, National Institute of Standards a

19、nd TechnologyNISTIR 6389, Gaithersburg, MD, 1999. FIG. 1 Possible Framework of the Built EnvironmentE1557 09 (2015)2FIG. 2 UNIFORMAT II Classification of Building Elements with Alpha-Numeric DesignationsE1557 09 (2015)3will be separate from the classification of building-relatedsitework. The classif

20、ications will be hierarchical to allowdifferent levels of aggregation and summarization. And theywill relate to other elemental classifications6such as UNIFOR-MAT and the classification of the Canadian Institute ofQuantity Surveyors.75.2.2 Items in the classification will have significant influ-ence

21、 on cost and a high frequency of occurrence. Categorieswill be defined so as to provide a framework for cost control.The decision as to where among the classification elements toinclude specific items is to rely on professional judgment as towhere building professionals in current practice normally

22、lookfor such items.5.2.3 Classification of Building ElementsFig. 2 presentsthe UNIFORMAT II classification of building elements. Itcomprises three hierarchical levels: Major Group Elements forLevel 1, Group Elements for Level 2, and Individual Elementsfor Level 3. See Section 6 for detailed lists of

23、 specific itemsthat are included and excluded under each individual elementlisted in the Level 3 category. A list of suggested level 4building sub-elements is presented in Table X1.1.5.2.4 Classification of Building-Related SiteworkFig. 3presents the UNIFORMAT II classification of building-relatedsi

24、tework. See Section 7 for detailed lists of specific items thatare included and excluded under each individual element listedin the Level 3 category. A list of suggested Level 4 building-related sitework sub-elements is presented in Table X1.1.5.2.4.1 UNIFORMAT II is not intended to classify element

25、sof major civil works. Rather, it is provided for exclusive use insupport of the construction of buildings. Buildings are usuallyconstructed with roads, utilities, parking areas, and othernon-building features. The UNIFORMAT II classification ofbuilding-related sitework provides guidance so that pla

26、nners donot have to resort to multiple elemental classifications for oneproject.6. Description of Building Elements6.1 The following lists show what items are included andexcluded in the recommended classification at Level 3. Notethat the listings of inclusions and exclusions are not intended tobe a

27、n exhaustive listing. Rather, they provide a general outlineof what to expect in that element consistent with the selectioncriteria outlined in 5.2. Exclusions are listed to help readersfind items quickly. For example, an elemental format mightshow exterior load bearing walls under Exterior Walls or

28、Superstructure. UNIFORMAT II puts them under ExteriorWalls based on technical judgment and current practice.Putting under Superstructure a cross-reference to ExteriorWalls directs the person who looks first under Superstructure tothe appropriate element. Note that the table in Fig. 2 incorpo-rates a

29、n alphanumeric designation for the classification: asingle character letter code for Level 1 Major Group Elements,a three character alphanumeric code for Level 2 GroupElements, and a five character alphanumeric code for Level 3Individual Elements.6.2 Foundations (A10):6.2.1 Standard Foundations (A10

30、10):6.2.1.1 Includes:(1) Wall and column foundations;(2) Foundation walls up to level of top of slab on grade;(3) Pile caps;(4) Foundation excavation, backfill, and compaction;(5) Footings and bases;(6) Perimeter insulation;(7) Perimeter drainage;6For more information on other elemental classificati

31、ons, see Brian Bowen andRobert Charette, “Elemental Cost Classification Standard for Building Design,”1991 AACE Transactions, 1991.7Available from the Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (CIQS), 90 NolanCourt, Unit 19, Markham, ON, Canada, L3R 4L9, http:/www.ciqs.org.FIG. 3 UNIFORMAT II Classif

32、ication of Building Related Sitework with Alpha-Numeric DesignationsE1557 09 (2015)4(8) Anchor plates; and(9) Dewatering.6.2.1.2 Excludes:(1) General excavation to reduce levels (see G1030, SiteEarthwork),(2) Excavation for basements (see A2010, BasementExcavation),(3) Basement walls (see A2020, Bas

33、ement Walls), and(4) Under-slab drainage and insulation (seeA1030, Slab onGrade).6.2.2 Special Foundations (A1020):6.2.2.1 Includes:(1) Piling,(2) Caissons,(3) Underpinning,(4) Dewatering,(5) Raft foundations,(6) Any other special foundation conditions, and(7) Grade beams.6.2.2.2 Excludes:(1) Pile c

34、aps (see A1010, Standard Foundations), and(2) Rock excavation (unless associated with Special Foun-dations) (see A1010, Standard Foundations, and A2010, Base-ment Excavation).6.2.3 Slab on Grade (A1030):6.2.3.1 Includes:(1) Standard,(2) Structural,(3) Inclined slabs on grade,(4) Trenches,(5) Pits,(6

35、) Bases,(7) Under-slab drainage, and(8) Under-slab insulation.6.2.3.2 Excludes:(1) Applied floor finishes (see C3020, Floor Finishes), and(2) Hardeners and sealers to the slab (see C3020, FloorFinishes).6.3 Basement Construction (A20):6.3.1 Basement Excavation (A2010):6.3.1.1 Includes:(1) Additional

36、 excavation required for construction ofbasement,(2) Backfill and compaction, and(3) Excavation support system.6.3.1.2 Excludes:(1) General grading to reduce levels over site (see G1030,Site Earthwork).6.3.2 Basement Walls (A2020):6.3.2.1 Includes:(1) Basement wall construction,(2) Moisture protecti

37、on, and(3) Basement wall construction below grade.6.3.2.2 Excludes:(1) Walls above grade that enclose basements (see B2010,Exterior Walls), and(2) Perimeter drainage (see A1010, Standard Foundations).6.4 Superstructure (B10):6.4.1 Floor Construction (B1010):6.4.1.1 Includes:(1) Floor structural fram

38、e,(2) Interior structural walls,(3) Floor slabs and decks,(4) Inclined and stepped floors,(5) Expansion and contraction joints,(6) Balcony construction,(7) Suspended ramps,(8) Exterior stairs and fire escapes, and(9) Other floor construction (for example, catwalks, spaceframes, etc.).6.4.1.2 Exclude

39、s:(1) Exterior load bearing walls (see B2010, ExteriorWalls),(2) Applied and suspended ceiling and floor finishes (seeC3020, Floor Finishes and C3030, Ceiling Finishes),(3) Stair construction (see C2010, Stair Construction), and(4) Balcony walls and railings (see B2010, Exterior Walls).6.4.2 Roof Co

40、nstruction (B1020):6.4.2.1 Includes:(1) Roof structural frame;(2) Structural interior walls supporting roof;(3) Roof decks, slabs, and sheathing;(4) Canopies; and(5) Other roof construction.6.4.2.2 Excludes:(1) Roof coverings (see B3010, Roof Coverings),(2) Skylights and roof openings (see B3020, Ro

41、ofOpenings), and(3) Stair construction (see C2010, Stair Construction).6.5 Exterior Enclosure (B20):6.5.1 Exterior Walls (B2010):6.5.1.1 Includes:(1) Exterior wall construction with facing materials, exte-rior applied finishes, back-up construction, framing, sheathing,wallboard, parapets, insulation

42、, and vapor retarders;(2) Exterior load-bearing wall construction;(3) Exterior louvers and screens;(4) Exterior sun control devices;(5) Balcony walls and railings; and(6) Exterior soffits.6.5.1.2 Excludes:(1) Applied finishes to interior faces of exterior walls (seeC3010, Wall Finishes),(2) Columns

43、and beams in exterior walls (see B10,Superstructure),(3) Venetian blinds (see E20, Furnishings),(4) Other interior sun control devices (see E20,Furnishings),(5) Roof eaves and eaves soffits (see B3010, RoofCoverings), and(6) Glazed curtain walls (see B2020, Exterior Windows).6.5.2 Exterior Windows (

44、B2020):6.5.2.1 Includes:(1) Windows;(2) Storefronts;(3) Curtain walls;E1557 09 (2015)5(4) Exterior painting of windows; and(5) Wall opening elements such as lintels, sills, flashings,etc.6.5.2.2 Excludes:(1) Window treatments (see E20, Furnishings).6.5.3 Exterior Doors (B2030):6.5.3.1 Includes:(1) P

45、ersonnel doors,(2) Revolving doors,(3) Overhead doors, and(4) Other doors (for example, hanger doors, blast-resistantdoors, and so forth).6.6 Roofing (B30):6.6.1 Roof Coverings (B3010):6.6.1.1 Includes:(1) Roofing membranes, shingles, and tiles;(2) Traffic coatings;(3) Waterproof membranes below pav

46、ing;(4) Expansion joints;(5) Vapor retarders;8(6) Roof and deck insulation;(7) Roof fill;(8) Flashings and trim;(9) Gutters and downspouts; and(10) Eaves and eaves soffits.6.6.1.2 Excludes:(1) Roof openings (see B3020, Roof Openings),(2) Roof drains (see D2040, Rain Water Drainage), and(3) Parapets

47、(see B2010, Exterior Walls).6.6.2 Roof Openings (B3020):6.6.2.1 Includes:(1) Skylights,(2) Area glazing,(3) Roof hatches,(4) Gravity roof ventilators, and(5) Smoke vents.6.6.2.2 Excludes:(1) Powered and ducted ventilators (see D3040, Distribu-tion Systems).6.7 Interior Construction (C10):6.7.1 Parti

48、tions (C1010):6.7.1.1 Includes:(1) Fixed partitions,(2) Demountable partitions,(3) Retractable and movable partitions,(4) Operable partitions,(5) Interior balustrades and screens, and(6) Interior window and storefronts.6.7.1.2 Excludes:(1) Stair balustrades (see C2010, Stair Construction),(2) Interi

49、or load bearing and shear walls (see B10,Superstructure), and(3) Applied wall finishes (see C3010, Wall Finishes).6.7.2 Interior Doors (C1020):6.7.2.1 Includes:(1) Standard swinging doors,(2) Glazed doors,(3) Sliding and folding doors,(4) Fire doors,(5) Other doors,(6) Door frames,(7) Door hardware,(8) Door opening elements,(9) Door painting and staining, and(10) Hatches and access doors.6.7.2.2 Excludes:(1) Vault doors (see E10, Equipment), and(2) Operable partitions (see C1010, Partitions).6.7.3 Fittings (C1030):6.7.3.1 Includes:(1) Chalk and tack boards,(2) Identifying