ASTM E1557-2009 Standard Classification for Building Elements and Related Sitework-UNIFORMAT II《建筑构件及有关现场工作标准分类 统一格式Ⅱ》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1557 09Standard Classification forBuilding Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT II1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard establishes a classification of buildingelements and related sitework. Elements, as defined here, aremajor componen

3、ts common to most buildings. Elements usu-ally perform a given function, regardless of the design speci-fication, construction method, or materials used. The classifi-cation serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation,and monitoring during the feasibility, planning, and designstages of

4、 buildings. Using UNIFORMAT II ensures consis-tency in the economic evaluation of buildings projects overtime and from project to project. It also enhances reporting atall stages in constructionfrom feasibility and planningthrough the preparation of working documents, construction,maintenance, rehab

5、ilitation, and disposal.1.2 This classification applies to buildings and related sitework. It excludes specialized process equipment related to abuildings functional use but does include furnishings andequipment.1.3 The classification incorporates three hierarchical levelsdescribed as Levels 1, 2, a

6、nd 3. Appendix X1 presents a moredetailed suggested Level 4 classification of sub-elements.1.4 UNIFORMAT II is an elemental format similar to theoriginal UNIFORMAT2elemental classification. UNIFOR-MAT II differs from the original UNIFORMAT, however, inthat it takes into consideration a broader range

7、 of buildingtypes and has been updated to categorize building elements asthey are in current building practice.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 833 Terminol

8、ogy of Building EconomicsE 917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building SystemsE 1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return andAdjusted Internal Rate of Re

9、turn for Investments in Build-ings and Building SystemsE 1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Sav-ings for Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE 1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments inBuildings and Building SystemsE 1185 Guide for Selecting Economic Methods for Ev

10、alu-ating Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE 1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 1804 Practice for Performing and Reporting Cost Analy-sis During the Design Phase of a ProjectE 2083 Classifica

11、tion for Building Construction Field Re-quirements, and Office Overhead it provides the basis for the preparation of moredetailed elemental estimates during the early concept andpreliminary design phases, and it enhances communicationsamong designers and other building professionals by providinga cl

12、ear statement of the designers intent. See Appendix X3 fora sample preliminary project description (PPD) based onUNIFORMAT II.4.3.8 Coding and referencing standard details in computer-aided design systems. This allows an architect, for example, toreference an exterior wall assembly according to UNIF

13、OR-MAT II element designations and build up a database ofstandard details structured according to the classification.4.4 UNIFORMAT II, as described in this classification,includes sitework normally related to buildings but does notapply to major civil works. It is also unsuitable for processapplicat

14、ions or for preparing trade estimates.5. Basis of Classification5.1 What part of the built environment is included? Theframework in Fig. 1 shows how buildings and related siteworkfit in with the rest of the built environment. This classificationdescribes exclusively the elements that make up the blo

15、cksshaded under the building block, that is, construction ofbuildings and related sitework. UNIFORMAT II does not treatother aspects of buildings or other features of the builtenvironment, which are indicated by the non-shaded blocks.NOTE 1The other features of the built environment in Fig. 1 are li

16、stedfor illustrative purposes and are not intended to be a comprehensive list ofother features.5.2 Criteria for the ClassificationThe selected classifica-tion, what items to include in it, and in which parts of theclassification to include them are based on the followingcriteria:5.2.1 The classifica

17、tion will be applicable to any buildingtype, while at the same time allowing for details desirable forspecialized buildings. The classification of building elementswill be separate from the classification of building-relatedsitework. The classifications will be hierarchical to allowdifferent levels

18、of aggregation and summarization. And theywill relate to other elemental classifications6such as UNIFOR-MAT and the classification of the Canadian Institute ofQuantity Surveyors.75.2.2 Items in the classification will have significant influ-ence on cost and a high frequency of occurrence. Categories

19、will be defined so as to provide a framework for cost control.The decision as to where among the classification elements toinclude specific items is to rely on professional judgment as towhere building professionals in current practice normally lookfor such items.5For a more comprehensive discussion

20、 of the uses of UNIFORMAT II, seeBowen, Charette, and Marshall, UNIFORMAT IIA Recommended Classificationfor Building Elements and Related Sitework, National Institute of Standards andTechnology Special Publication 841, Gaithersburg, MD, 1992, and Charette andMarshall, UNIFORMAT II Elemental Classifi

21、cation for Building Specifications,Cost Estimating, and Cost Analysis, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNISTIR 6389, Gaithersburg, MD, 1999.6For more information on other elemental classifications, see Brian Bowen andRobert Charette, “Elemental Cost Classification Standard for Building

22、Design,”1991 AACE Transactions, 1991.7Available from the Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (CIQS), 90 NolanCourt, Unit 19, Markham, ON, Canada, L3R 4L9, http:/www.ciqs.org.FIG. 1 Possible Framework of the Built EnvironmentE15570925.2.3 Classification of Building ElementsFig. 2 presentsthe UNI

23、FORMAT II classification of building elements. Itcomprises three hierarchical levels: Major Group Elements forLevel 1, Group Elements for Level 2, and Individual Elementsfor Level 3. See Section 6 for detailed lists of specific itemsthat are included and excluded under each individual elementlisted

24、in the Level 3 category. A list of suggested level 4building sub-elements is presented in Table X1.1.5.2.4 Classification of Building-Related SiteworkFig. 3presents the UNIFORMAT II classification of building-relatedFIG. 2 UNIFORMAT II Classification of Building Elements with Alpha-Numeric Designati

25、onsE1557093sitework. See Section 7 for detailed lists of specific items thatare included and excluded under each individual element listedin the Level 3 category. A list of suggested Level 4 building-related sitework sub-elements is presented in Table X1.1.5.2.4.1 UNIFORMAT II is not intended to cla

26、ssify elementsof major civil works. Rather, it is provided for exclusive use insupport of the construction of buildings. Buildings are usuallyconstructed with roads, utilities, parking areas, and othernon-building features. The UNIFORMAT II classification ofbuilding-related sitework provides guidanc

27、e so that planners donot have to resort to multiple elemental classifications for oneproject.6. Description of Building Elements6.1 The following lists show what items are included andexcluded in the recommended classification at Level 3. Notethat the listings of inclusions and exclusions are not in

28、tended tobe an exhaustive listing. Rather, they provide a general outlineof what to expect in that element consistent with the selectioncriteria outlined in 5.2. Exclusions are listed to help readersfind items quickly. For example, an elemental format mightshow exterior load bearing walls under Exte

29、rior Walls orSuperstructure. UNIFORMAT II puts them under ExteriorWalls based on technical judgment and current practice.Putting under Superstructure a cross-reference to ExteriorWalls directs the person who looks first under Superstructure tothe appropriate element. Note that the table in Fig. 2 in

30、corpo-rates an alphanumeric designation for the classification: asingle character letter code for Level 1 Major Group Elements,a three character alphanumeric code for Level 2 GroupElements, and a five character alphanumeric code for Level 3Individual Elements.6.2 Foundations (A10):6.2.1 Standard Fou

31、ndations (A1010):6.2.1.1 Includes:(1) Wall and column foundations;(2) Foundation walls up to level of top of slab on grade;(3) Pile caps;(4) Foundation excavation, backfill, and compaction;(5) Footings and bases;(6) Perimeter insulation;(7) Perimeter drainage;(8) Anchor plates; and(9) Dewatering.6.2

32、.1.2 Excludes:(1) General excavation to reduce levels (see G1030, SiteEarthwork),(2) Excavation for basements (see A2010, Basement Ex-cavation),(3) Basement walls (see A2020, Basement Walls), and(4) Under-slab drainage and insulation (seeA1030, Slab onGrade).6.2.2 Special Foundations (A1020):6.2.2.1

33、 Includes:(1) Piling,(2) Caissons,(3) Underpinning,(4) Dewatering,(5) Raft foundations,(6) Any other special foundation conditions, and(7) Grade beams.6.2.2.2 Excludes:(1) Pile caps (see A1010, Standard Foundations), and(2) Rock excavation (unless associated with Special Foun-dations) (see A1010, St

34、andard Foundations, and A2010, Base-ment Excavation).6.2.3 Slab on Grade (A1030):6.2.3.1 Includes:(1) Standard,(2) Structural,(3) Inclined slabs on grade,(4) Trenches,FIG. 3 UNIFORMAT II Classification of Building Related Sitework with Alpha-Numeric DesignationsE1557094(5) Pits,(6) Bases,(7) Under-s

35、lab drainage, and(8) Under-slab insulation.6.2.3.2 Excludes:(1) Applied floor finishes (see C3020, Floor Finishes), and(2) Hardeners and sealers to the slab (see C3020, FloorFinishes).6.3 Basement Construction (A20):6.3.1 Basement Excavation (A2010):6.3.1.1 Includes:(1) Additional excavation require

36、d for construction ofbasement,(2) Backfill and compaction, and(3) Excavation support system.6.3.1.2 Excludes:(1) General grading to reduce levels over site (see G1030,Site Earthwork).6.3.2 Basement Walls (A2020):6.3.2.1 Includes:(1) Basement wall construction,(2) Moisture protection, and(3) Basement

37、 wall construction below grade.6.3.2.2 Excludes:(1) Walls above grade that enclose basements (see B2010,Exterior Walls), and(2) Perimeter drainage (see A1010, Standard Foundations).6.4 Superstructure (B10):6.4.1 Floor Construction (B1010):6.4.1.1 Includes:(1) Floor structural frame,(2) Interior stru

38、ctural walls,(3) Floor slabs and decks,(4) Inclined and stepped floors,(5) Expansion and contraction joints,(6) Balcony construction,(7) Suspended ramps,(8) Exterior stairs and fire escapes, and(9) Other floor construction (for example, catwalks, spaceframes, etc.).6.4.1.2 Excludes:(1) Exterior load

39、 bearing walls (see B2010, ExteriorWalls),(2) Applied and suspended ceiling and floor finishes (seeC3020, Floor Finishes and C3030, Ceiling Finishes),(3) Stair construction (see C2010, Stair Construction), and(4) Balcony walls and railings (see B2010, Exterior Walls).6.4.2 Roof Construction (B1020):

40、6.4.2.1 Includes:(1) Roof structural frame;(2) Structural interior walls supporting roof;(3) Roof decks, slabs, and sheathing;(4) Canopies; and(5) Other roof construction.6.4.2.2 Excludes:(1) Roof coverings (see B3010, Roof Coverings),(2) Skylights and roof openings (see B3020, Roof Open-ings), and(

41、3) Stair construction (see C2010, Stair Construction).6.5 Exterior Enclosure (B20):6.5.1 Exterior Walls (B2010):6.5.1.1 Includes:(1) Exterior wall construction with facing materials, exte-rior applied finishes, back-up construction, framing, sheathing,wallboard, parapets, insulation, and vapor retar

42、ders;(2) Exterior load-bearing wall construction;(3) Exterior louvers and screens;(4) Exterior sun control devices;(5) Balcony walls and railings; and(6) Exterior soffits.6.5.1.2 Excludes:(1) Applied finishes to interior faces of exterior walls (seeC3010, Wall Finishes),(2) Columns and beams in exte

43、rior walls (see B10, Super-structure),(3) Venetian blinds (see E20, Furnishings),(4) Other interior sun control devices (see E20, Furnish-ings),(5) Roof eaves and eaves soffits (see B3010, Roof Cover-ings), and(6) Glazed curtain walls (see B2020, Exterior Windows).6.5.2 Exterior Windows (B2020):6.5.

44、2.1 Includes:(1) Windows;(2) Storefronts;(3) Curtain walls;(4) Exterior painting of windows; and(5) Wall opening elements such as lintels, sills, flashings,etc.6.5.2.2 Excludes:(1) Window treatments (see E20, Furnishings).6.5.3 Exterior Doors (B2030):6.5.3.1 Includes:(1) Personnel doors,(2) Revolvin

45、g doors,(3) Overhead doors, and(4) Other doors (for example, hanger doors, blast-resistantdoors, and so forth).6.6 Roofing (B30):6.6.1 Roof Coverings (B3010):6.6.1.1 Includes:(1) Roofing membranes, shingles, and tiles;(2) Traffic coatings;(3) Waterproof membranes below paving;(4) Expansion joints;(5

46、) Vapor retarders;8(6) Roof and deck insulation;(7) Roof fill;(8) Flashings and trim;(9) Gutters and downspouts; and(10) Eaves and eaves soffits.6.6.1.2 Excludes:(1) Roof openings (see B3020, Roof Openings),(2) Roof drains (see D2040, Rain Water Drainage), and8A vapor retarder was formerly referred

47、to as a vapor barrier.E1557095(3) Parapets (see B2010, Exterior Walls).6.6.2 Roof Openings (B3020):6.6.2.1 Includes:(1) Skylights,(2) Area glazing,(3) Roof hatches,(4) Gravity roof ventilators, and(5) Smoke vents.6.6.2.2 Excludes:(1) Powered and ducted ventilators (see D3040, Distribu-tion Systems).

48、6.7 Interior Construction (C10):6.7.1 Partitions (C1010):6.7.1.1 Includes:(1) Fixed partitions,(2) Demountable partitions,(3) Retractable and movable partitions,(4) Operable partitions,(5) Interior balustrades and screens, and(6) Interior window and storefronts.6.7.1.2 Excludes:(1) Stair balustrades

49、 (see C2010, Stair Construction),(2) Interior load bearing and shear walls (see B10, Super-structure), and(3) Applied wall finishes (see C3010, Wall Finishes).6.7.2 Interior Doors (C1020):6.7.2.1 Includes:(1) Standard swinging doors,(2) Glazed doors,(3) Sliding and folding doors,(4) Fire doors,(5) Other doors,(6) Door frames,(7) Door hardware,(8) Door opening elements,(9) Door painting and staining, and(10) Hatches and access doors.6.7.2.2 Excludes:(1) Vault doors (see E10, Equipment), and(2) Operable partitions (see C1010, Partitions).6.7.3 Fittings (C1030):6.7.3.1 Includes:(