ASTM E1386-2009 Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction.pdf

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1、Designation: E1386 09Standard Practice forSeparation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residuesfrom Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in

2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing smallquantities of ignitable liquid

3、residue from samples of fire debrisusing solvent to extract the residue.1.2 This practice is suitable for successfully extractingignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentra-tions.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures arelisted in the referenced documents (Practices E

4、1388, E1412,E1413, and E2154).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation

5、s prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see Note 1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E752 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Carbon Disulfide3E1388 Practice for Sampling of Headspace Vapors fromFire Debris SamplesE1412 Practice for Separa

6、tion of Ignitable Liquid Residuesfrom Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concen-tration With Activated CharcoalE1413 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dy-namic Headspace ConcentrationE1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling an

7、d RelatedDocumentationE1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, andRetrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science LaboratoryE1618 Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Ex-tracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryE2154 Practice for Separation and Concentratio

8、n of Ignit-able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by PassiveHeadspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microextrac-tion (SPME)E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignit-able Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples3. Summary of Practice3.1 A sample of fire debris is extra

9、cted with an organicsolvent. The extract is filtered and concentrated using drynitrogen, filtered air, or inert gas.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from firedebris for later analysis by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry (GC/MS).4.2 This is a very sensiti

10、ve separation procedure, capable ofisolating quantities smaller than 1 L of ignitable liquid residuefrom a sample.4.3 This practice is particularly useful when the potential forfractionation during separation must be reduced, as whenattempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.4.4 Th

11、is practice is particularly useful for the extraction ofnonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior of burnedcontainers. It is also particularly well suited to the extraction ofmaterials from very small samples.4.5 This practice can be hampered by coincident extractionof interfering compounds

12、present in the fire debris samples.4.6 This practice may not be useful for the extraction ofsome extremely volatile ignitable liquids, which may evaporateduring the concentration step.4.7 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, thistechnique should only be used when a representative port

13、ion ofthe sample can be reserved for reanalysis. Those portions of thesample subjected to this procedure may not be suitable for1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of E30.01 on CriminalisticsCurrent edition approved Nov.

14、 1, 2009 Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E138600(2005) .DOI: 10.1520/E1386-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu

15、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.resampling. If destruction of the sample is an issue, considerusing passive headspace concentra

16、tion as described in PracticeE1412.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. It is intended that all reagents conform to thespecifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society where such specifications areavai

17、lable.4Other grades may be used, provided it is firstascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity topermit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-nation.5.2 SolventA suitable solvent, such as carbon disulfide,pentane, petroleum ether, or diethyl ether.5.2.1 Check solven

18、t purity by evaporating to at least twicethe extent used in the analysis and analyzing the evaporatedsolvent in accordance with Guide E1618.5.2.2 If carbon disulfide is used, read and follow the safetyprecautions described in Practice E752.5.3 Filter Paper, free of extractable hydrocarbons.5.4 Compr

19、essed Dry Nitrogen, Filtered Air, or Inert Gas.see Note 1.NOTE 1Caution: These gases are stored under high pressure.6. Procedure6.1 Observe the appropriate procedures for handling anddocumentation of all submitted samples as described in Prac-tices E1492 and E1413.6.1.1 Open and examine the fire deb

20、ris sample in order todetermine that it is consistent with its description.6.1.1.1 Resolve any discrepancies between the submittingagents description of the evidence and the analysts observa-tion with the submitting agent prior to the completion of thereport.6.2 Select a beaker size which is capable

21、 of holding twicethe volume of the sample.6.3 If possible, select a representative portion of the sampleto extract.6.3.1 Record in the case notes a description of the portion ofthe sample extracted.6.3.2 If only a portion of the sample is subjected toextraction, include in the report a description o

22、f the portion ofthe sample which was extracted.6.4 Add sufficient solvent to thoroughly moisten the sample.6.5 The next smaller size beaker may be used as a plungerto promote extraction of flexible debris.6.6 Mix the solvent and debris. An extraction time of lessthan one minute is usually sufficient

23、.6.6.1 Simple rinsing of nonporous surfaces may be suffi-cient for adequate separation of residues.6.7 Decant the solvent and filter if necessary.6.8 Evaporate the solvent with dry nitrogen, filtered air, orinert gas, without heat, to a volume of approximately 1 mL.6.8.1 Sufficiently concentrated sa

24、mples do not requireevaporation.6.8.2 If only a portion of the sample is subjected toextraction, include in the report of a description of that portionof the sample which was extracted.6.9 Code or label an appropriately sized vial vial in accor-dance with Practice E1459.6.10 Transfer the solvent int

25、o the prepared container andseal.6.11 Follow the evidence documentation and handling pro-cedures described in Guide E1459 and Practice E1492.6.12 Follow the extract storage procedures described inPractice E2451.7. Keywords7.1 fire debris samples; solvent extractionASTM International takes no positio

26、n respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

27、This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM I

28、nternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address sho

29、wn below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832

30、-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.E1386 092