ASTM E1077-2001(2005) Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens《钢试样的脱碳深度估计的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM E1077-2001(2005) Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens《钢试样的脱碳深度估计的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E1077-2001(2005) Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens《钢试样的脱碳深度估计的标准试验方法》.pdf(10页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 1077 01 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forEstimating the Depth of Decarburization of SteelSpecimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThese test methods may b
3、e used to estimate the average or greatest depth of decarburization inhardened or non-hardened steel products. The test methods described range from simple screeningtests to more statistically rigorous test methods depending upon the needs of the investigation.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover pr
4、ocedures for estimating thedepth of decarburization of steels irrespective of the composi-tion, matrix microstructure, or section shape. The followingbasic procedures may be used:1.1.1 Screening methods.1.1.2 Microscopical methods.1.1.3 Microindentation hardness methods.1.1.4 Chemical analysis metho
5、ds.1.2 In case of a dispute, the rigorous quantitative or linealanalysis method (see 7.3.5 and 7.3.6) shall be the refereemethod. These methods can be employed with any cross-sectional shape. The chemical analytical methods generallyreveal a greater depth of decarburization than the microscopi-cal m
6、ethods but are limited to certain simple shapes and byavailability of equipment. These techniques are generallyreserved for research studies. The microindentation hardnessmethod is suitable for accurate measurements of hardenedstructures with relatively homogeneous microstructures.1.3 The values sta
7、ted in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound equivalents are in parentheses andmay be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
8、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys and FerroalloysE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE7 Terminology Relat
9、ing to MetallographyE 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE 350 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Carbon Steel,Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, andWrought IronE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsE 407 Practice for Microetching Metals an
10、d AlloysE 415 Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectro-metric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy SteelE 1951 Guide for Calibrating Reticals and Light Micro-scope Magnifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, seeTerminology E7and Terminolo
11、gy A 941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 average depth of decarburizationthe mean value offive or more measurements of the total depth of decarburiza-tion.3.2.2 average free-ferrite depththe mean value of five ormore measurements of the depth of complete decarburization.1The
12、se test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 onMetallography and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.14 onQuantitative Metallography.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 107
13、7 01e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
14、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 complete decarburizationloss of carbon content atthe surface of a steel specimen to a level below the solubilitylimit of carbon in ferrite so that only ferrite is present.3.2.4 free-ferrite depththe perpendicular distance fromthe sur
15、face of the specimen to that location where the structureis no longer fully ferritic, that is, other transformation productsare observed.NOTE 1The term free ferrite has also been used to describe globular,isolated grains of proeutectoid ferrite in the microstructure of medium-carbon hypoeutectoid st
16、eels.3.2.5 maximum depth of decarburizationthe largest mea-sured value of the total depth of decarburization.3.2.6 partial decarburizationloss of carbon content at thesurface of a steel specimen to a level less than the bulk carboncontent of the unaffected interior but greater than the roomtemperatu
17、re solubility limit of carbon in ferrite.3.2.7 total depth of decarburizationthe perpendicular dis-tance from the specimen surface to that location in the interiorwhere the bulk carbon content is reached; that is, the sum of thedepths of complete and partial decarburization.4. Summary of Test Method
18、4.1 These test methods are designed to detect changes in themicrostructure, hardness, or carbon content at the surface ofsteel sections due to decarburization. The depth of decarbur-ization is determined as the depth where a uniform microstruc-ture, hardness, or carbon content, typical of the interi
19、or of thespecimen, is observed.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are used to detect surface losses incarbon content due to heating at elevated temperatures, as inhot working or heat treatment.5.2 Results of such tests may be used to qualify material forshipment according to agreed upon g
20、uidelines between pur-chaser and manufacturer, for guidance as to machining allow-ances, or to assess the influence of processing upon decarbur-ization tendency.5.3 Screening tests are simple, fast, low-cost tests designedto separate non-decarburized samples from those with appre-ciable decarburizat
21、ion. Based on the results of such tests, theother procedures may be utilized as applicable.5.4 Microscopical tests require a metallographically pol-ished cross section to permit reasonably accurate determina-tion of the depth and nature of the decarburization present.Several methods may be employed
22、for estimation of the depthof decarburization. The statistical accuracy of each varies withthe amount of effort expended.5.5 Microindentation hardness methods are employed onpolished cross sections and are most suitable for hardenedspecimens with reasonably uniform microstructures. This pro-cedure c
23、an be used to define the depth to a specific minimumhardness or the depth to a uniform hardness.5.6 Chemical analytical methods are limited to specimenswith simple, uniform shapes and are based on analysis ofincremental turnings or after milling at fixed increments.5.7 Microscopical tests are genera
24、lly satisfactory for deter-mining the suitability of material for intended use, specificationacceptance, manufacturing control, development, or research.6. Sampling6.1 Samples should be taken at locations that are represen-tative of the bulk specimen. The location and number ofsamples taken depends
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