ASTM E155-2005 Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings《铝和镁铸件检验用标准基准射线照相术》.pdf
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1、Designation: E 155 05Standard Reference Radiographs forInspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.These Reference Radiographs have been developed in cooperation with the Quality Control Committee and Aerospace Research andTesting Committe
3、e of the Aerospace Industries Association.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate the types anddegrees of discontinuities that may be found in aluminum-alloyand magnesium-alloy castings. The castings illustra
4、ted are inthicknesses of14 in. 6.35 mm and34 in. 19.1 mm. Thereference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document andmust be purchased separately from ASTM International ifneeded.1.2 These film reference radiographs are not intended toillustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found i
5、naluminum-alloy castings when performing digital radiography.If performing digital radiography of aluminum-alloy castings,refer to Digital Refererence Image Standard E 2422.Magnesium-alloy digital reference images are not currentlyavailable from ASTM International.1.3 This document may be used where
6、 no other applicabledocument exists, for other material thicknesses for which it hasbeen found to be applicable and for which agreement has beenreached between the purchaser and the manufacturer.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.5 This standard does not pu
7、rport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Vol I: The set of reference radiograph
8、s consists of 13 platescovering discontinuities in aluminum-alloy castings and 10 plates cover-ing discontinuities in magnesium-alloy castings. Each plate is held in an812 by 11-in. 216 by 279-mm cardboard frame and each plate illustrateseight grades of severity for the discontinuity in approximatel
9、ya2by2-in.51 by 51-mm area. The cardboard frames are contained in a 1012 by1112-in. 267 by 292-mm ring binder.Vol. II: The set of reference radiographs consists of four plates coveringdiscontinuities in magnesium-alloy castings only. Each plate is held in an812 by 11-in. 216 by 279-mm cardboard fram
10、e and illustrates eightgrades of severity for the discontinuity (with the exception of discretediscontinuities, where only one example of each discontinuity is given).NOTE 2Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magne-sium die castings up to 1 in. 25 mm in thickness are contained inReferen
11、ce Radiographs E 505.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE 505 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminumand Magnesium Die CastingE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE 2422 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Alumi-num Castings2
12、.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum andMagnesium Castings:Volume I, Aluminum and Magnesium Castings3Volume II, Magnesium Castings43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms used in this standardmay be found in Terminology E 1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
13、to This Standard:3.2.1 The terms relating to discontinuities used in thesereference radiographs are described based upon radiographicappearance.3.2.2 foreign materialsappear as isolated, irregular, orelongated variations of film density, not corresponding tovariations in thickness of material, nor t
14、o cavities. They may bedue to the presence of sand, slag, oxide or dross, or metal ofdifferent density.1These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeE07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE07.02 on Reference Radiographs.Current editi
15、on approved Nov. 15, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 155 - 00(2005)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu
16、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Reference Radio-graph No. RRE015501.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Reference Radio-graph No. RRE015502.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
17、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 gas holesappear as round or elongated, smooth-edged dark spots, occurring individually, in clusters, or distrib-uted throughout the casting.3.2.4 gas porosityrepresented by round or elongated darkspots corresponding t
18、o minute voids usually distributedthrough the entire casting.3.2.5 microshrinkage (feathery type)microshrinkage hav-ing an elongated appearance resembling feather-like streaks.3.2.6 microshrinkage (sponge type)microshrinkage hav-ing a spongelike appearance, and more massive and equiaxedthan the feat
19、hery type.3.2.7 reacted sand inclusionsappear on radiograph as“spotty segregation,” that is, sharply defined round light areas,about 1 mm in diameter, and often with the rim lighter than thecenter. They are entrapped sand particles that underwentreaction with molten magnesium alloys containing zirco
20、nium(Note 3).3.2.8 segregationsappear as variations in film densitywhich can be explained by segregation of elements of atomicnumbers different from that of the matrix.3.2.8.1 gravity segregationappears white on radiographand may range from a mottling-type effect through white-diffused spots blendin
21、g with the matrix, to a cloud-likeappearance in more severe cases. They are agglomerations ofparticles precipitated at temperatures above liquidus (Note 3).3.2.8.2 eutectic segregationtype of segregation is gener-ally represented when a defect or discontinuity develops duringsolidification and is fe
22、d with a near eutectic residual liquid richwith alloying elements that have a high X-ray attenuation. Oneexception to this enrichment as illustrated in Reference Radio-graphs E 155 is flow line (or eutectic depletion), where there isa local impoverishment of the alloying elements that have ahigh X-r
23、ay attenuation (Note 3).(1) eutectic segregationmicroshrinkage typetype of seg-regation develops when a microshrinkage develops duringsolidification, and is fed with residual liquid rich in densealloying elements such as thorium. The area will show light ona radiograph (Note 3).(2) eutectic segregat
24、ionpipe-shrink typetype of segre-gation develops during solidification when a pipe shrink formsand is immediately filled with eutectic liquid rich in high X-rayattenuation alloying elements. The area shows light on aradiograph as a feathery or dendritic feature (Note 3).(3) eutectic segregationhot-t
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