ASTM D7139-2005 Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers《棉纤维的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 7139 05Standard Terminology forCotton Fibers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates th

2、e year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminologydeveloped by Subcommittee D-13.11 on Cotton Fibers.1.2 This terminology is unique to the Cotton Fibers industry.Meani

3、ngs of the same terms used outside the industry can befound in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D 7139 isalso a tool for managing the Subcommittees terminology. Thisincludes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies,tha

4、t is, where two or more terms relating to the same conceptare defined in different words.1.4 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of SubcommitteeD13.11.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see TerminologyD 123.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles

5、.D 1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution ofCotton Fibers (Array Method)D 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for TestingD 1442 Test Method of Maturity of Cotton Fibers (SodiumHydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures)D 1445 Test Method for Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat

6、Bundle Method)D 1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity ofCotton Fibers by Fibrograph MeasurementD 1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of CottonFibersD 1464 Test Method for Differential Dyeing Behavior ofCottonD 1684 Practice for Lighting Cotton Classing Rooms forColor GradingD 2495 Te

7、st Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-DryingD 2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of CottonD 3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Resultsby Use of Calibration Cotton StandardsD 5332 Test Method for Fiber Length and Length Distribu-tion of Cotton FibersD 5426 Practices for Visual In

8、spection and Grading ofFabrics Used for Inflatable RestraintsD 5867 Test methods for Measurement of Physical Proper-ties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments.3. TerminologyA-tuft, na single-pass process for aligning hook free fiberson the Fibroliner FL-101. D 5332amount, nin cotton fiber test

9、ing with the Length Analyzer,ameasure of the thickness or pneumatic density of the testbeard, proportional to the number of fibers present at variousdistances from the base of the specimen clamp jaws.D 5867amount, nin cotton length testing with the Fibrograph,ameasure of the thickness, or optical de

10、nsity, of the test beard,proportional to the number of fibers present at variousdistances from the comb(s). D 1447B-tuft, na two-pass process for aligning hooked fibers on theFibroliner FL-101. D 5332blending plan, nthe instructions for mixing fibers duringspecimen preparation. D 5332calibration cot

11、ton standards, ncotton samples taken fromblended bulk source on which fiber properties have beendetermined under the International Calibration Cotton Stan-dards Program. D 1448, D 3025D 5867coefficient of length variation, na measure of fiber lengthdistribution. D 1440, D 5332color grading, nthe act

12、 of identifying a specimen by a colorgrade or color score that is specific to the color and thematerial graded. D 1684color lamp, nin color determination of cotton with a ColorMeter, a lamp with a specific energy output function used inconjunction with special tristimulus filters to obtain a desired

13、response function. D 5867color meter, nan instrument which measures the fibersample color as presented in the viewing window, in terms ofthe tristimulus values Y and Z and transmits these values tothe IC/TC for further processing. D 58671This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD1

14、3 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. .2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda

15、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.color space, nspecific to this standard, the daylight color ofopaque specimens are represented by

16、 points in a space interms of three color scales: reflectance, Rd, and the chroma-ticity coordinates for redness or greenness, 6a, and yellow-ness or blueness, ber/brusher, nan instrument which prepares the testbeard of fibers for length, length uniformity, strength, andelongation measurements by co

17、mbing the test specimen toremove loose or unclamped fibers and paralleling the indi-vidually clamped fibers, and by brushing the clamped fibersto remove fiber crimp and smooth the test beard of cotton.D 5867control limits, npredetermined ranges based on the variabil-ity of past observations between

18、which the instrument datafor a test must fall to be considered valid. D 5867cotton, na vegetable seed fiber consisting of unicellular hairsattached to the seed of several species of the genus Gos-sypium of the family Malvaceae. D 1445cotton color diagram, na diagram showing the color rangesof standa

19、rds officially established by the U.S. Department ofAgriculture for the various grades of cotton in relation toscales of reflectance. Rd, on the vertical axis, and yellowness,+ b, on the horizontal axis. D 5867cotton maturity, nthe degree of fiber wall development.D 1442cotton waste, nmaterial remov

20、ed from seed cotton, ginnedlint, or stock in process by any cleaning or processingmachinery and usually consisting of undesirable fibers or amixture of cotton fibers with foreign matter. D 2495differential dyeing behavior, nof cotton, the tendency ofcotton fibers to absorb and retain selectively var

21、ying propor-tions of different dyes from a binary dye bath. D 1464elevator, na general term describing a mechanical device onthe Motion Control, Inc. Fiber Information System whichmoves the specimen clamp while preparing the specimen orwhile taking a length/uniformity index or strength/elongation me

22、asurement. D 5867elongation at breaking force, nin fiber strength testing ofcotton, the elongation corresponding to the maximum force,and expressed as a percentage of the 1/8-in. (3.2-mm) gagelength. D 1445, D 5867Fiberweigh, nan instrument having a capacity for weighinga 51-grain (3.30-g) specimen

23、with a sensitivity of at least0.2 % of the mass being weighed. D 5867fibrogram, nin testing cotton fibers for length, the curverepresenting the second cumulation of the length distributionof the fibers sensed by the length measuring instrument inscanning the fiber board. D 1447, D 5867Fibronaire, na

24、n instrument which determines the micron-aire reading of raw cotton fibers using the “porous-plug” airflow technique. D 5867foreign matter, nin cotton, non-lint material commonlyreferred to as waste or trash such as dust, sand, seed-coatfragments, leaves, and stems normally present in raw andpartial

25、ly processed cotton. D 2812, D 5426ginned lint, ncotton fibers that have been separated fromtheir seeds by ginning but not subjected to any furtherprocessing after ginning. (See lint cotton.) D 2495hooks, nin fiber testing, curved or bent fiber ends caused bythe carding or specimen preparation proce

26、sses. D 5332horseshoe, na length of sliver folded in a manner such thatthe two ends can be fed simultaneously into the needle fieldof the Fibroliner FL-101. D 5332IC/TC, nabbreviation for Intelligent Color/Trash Coordina-tor. D 5867IDT, nabbreviation for Intelligent Data Terminal. D 5867illumination

27、, nin lighting, the density or flux of light on aunit area of surface. D 1684immature fibers, n(1) (cotton fibers treated with sodiumhydroxide solution)fibers that either (a) have swollen andassumed a spiral form, or (b) remained flat, thinly outlined,and almost transparent. Total wall width is less

28、 than thelumen width.(2) (cotton fibers observed under polarized light)fibersthat appear purple, indigo, or blue, turn orange or yellow-orange upon rotation to the subtractive position, and uponremoval of the selenite plate show parallel extinction.(Compare mature fibers.) D 1442invisible waste, nin

29、 cotton testing, weight loss due to dust,moisture, loose fibers, etc., carried away by the air streamduring the test. D 2812length analyzer, nan instrument which determines theupper-half-mean length and length uniformity index of a testbeard of cotton. D 5867length group, nall fibers, or pulls, whos

30、e lengths fall withina given length interval. D 1440length interval, na class interval of18 in. (3 mm), usuallydesignated by its midpoint length in odd-numbered six-teenths of an inch. D 1440lint, nin loose cotton, fibers mostly of spinnable length. (Seealso linters.) D 2812lint content, nthat porti

31、on of a mass of cotton fiber consist-ing of fiber, including normal moisture content, but exclud-ing foreign matter. D 2812lint cotton, nloose cotton fibers in any form, either raw orprocessed, free of seeds and not bound together in yarn orfabric. (See also ginned lint.) D 2495linters, nthe short f

32、ibrous material adhering to the cottonseed after the spinnable lint has been removed by ginningand which is subsequently recovered from the seed by aprocess called “delinting.” D 5867lot, nin acceptance sampling of cotton, the main stock,supply, or source of fibers to be sampled. D 1441lot sample, n

33、in cotton, a relatively large sample taken in thefield to represent a consignment, shipment, or lot, for use inthe preparation of the laboratory samples. D 1441lumen, nin vegetable fibers, the central canal of the fiber.D 1442mature fibers, ncotton fibers treated with sodium hydroxidesolutionfibers

34、that have swollen into unconvoluted andalmost rod-like shapes, where total wall width is equal to orgreater than the lumen width. D 1442mature fibers, ncotton fibers observed under polarizedlightfibers that appear yellow, yellow green, or green andD7139052are yellow or light yellow upon rotation to

35、the subtractiveposition (through 90) and show little or no parallel extinc-tion on removal of the selenite plate. (Compare immaturefibers.) D 1442maturity index, na relative indication of cotton fiber matu-rity.mean length, nin testing of cotton fibers, the average lengthof all the fibers in the tes

36、t specimen based on mass-lengthdata. D 1440micronaire reading, na relative measurement of fiber fine-ness derived from the porous plug air-flow method.D 1442, D 1448, D 5867mote, na whole, immature cotton seed. D 2496, D 5867non-lint content, nthat portion of a mass of cotton fiberwhich is essential

37、ly foreign matter. D 2812number of pieces of trash, nin testing cotton with the TrashMeter, a number correlated with the total number of piecesof trash on the surface of the sample of cotton over theviewing window. D 5867one-percent length (L1 %N), nin fiber testing, the lengthexceeded by 1 % of the

38、 number of fibers in a test specimen.D 5332percent area, nin testing cotton with the Trash Meter, theratio of total area of trash on the surface of a sample ofcotton to that of the area of the viewing window, expressedin a percentage of the area of the viewing window.D 5867pull, na group of fibers g

39、rasped by the forceps at one timeand drawn from the specimen in the combs. D 1440ratch-setting by number (L1 % N), nthe basis for settingroll spacing in the drafting zone, namely, the length ex-ceeded by1%ofthenumber of fibers in a test specimen.D 5332raw cotton, nginned lint that has not been subje

40、cted to anytextile manufacturing process. (See also ginned lint.)D 2495Rdand +b, nfor the purpose of this test method for color, thedaylight color of opaque cotton specimens represented bypoints in a space as described by Hunter in terms of threecolor scales: reflectance, Rd, and the chromaticity co

41、ordi-nates for redness or greenness, 6 a and yellowness orblueness, 6 b. D 5867reference standard, nin cotton testing, a homogeneous lotof cotton having a known or accepted value for one or morephysical properties. D 3025seed coat fragment, nin cotton, a portion of a cotton seed,usually black or dar

42、k brown in color, broken from a matureor immature seed, and to which fibers and linters may or maynot be attached. D 2496, D 5867seed cotton, ncotton, as harvested and before ginning,consisting of seeds with the fibers attached and usuallyincluding measurable amounts of foreign matter. D 2495short-f

43、iber content (SFC), nthat percentage of fibers (bynumber or by weight) in a test specimen, that is shorter than12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in length. D 5332span length, nin length testing of cotton with the Fib-rograph, the distance spanned by a specified percentage ofthe fibers in the test beard, taking the

44、amount reading at thestarting point of the scanning as 100 %. D 1447specimen clamp, nthe device which is used to transport thefiber test beard of cotton through the gathering, combing,brushing, length, length uniformity, strength, and elongationmeasurement operations. D 5867specimen loader, nan inst

45、rument which obtains the testspecimen by lowering an open specimen clamp onto thesurface of the raw cotton samples, closing the jaws of thespecimen clamp and ascending with a portion of the fibersretained in the jaws awaiting the combing and brushingprocedure. D 5867status switches, nswitches locate

46、d on the mainframe elec-tronic chassis in the console used to set the number ofspecimens tested on each laboratory sample and turn offinstruments not being used in operating the system.D 5867stock in process, nin textiles, staple fibers at any stage ofmanufacture between the opening of the bale and

47、thecompletion of the spinning process. D 2495strength analyzer, nan instrument which determines tensilestrength and elongation at breaking load for a test beard ofcotton. D 5867test beard, nin length testing of cotton, the portion of the testspecimen that has been combed and brushed into a“ beard”wh

48、ich protrudes from the outside of the comb(s) or theclamp(s). D 1447, D 5867, D 5332test specimen, n(Fibrograph), the cotton fibers placedrandomly on a pair of Fibrograph combs for fiber lengthmeasurements. D 1447test specimen, nin cotton length tests with the LengthAnalyzer, the cotton fibers protr

49、uding randomly from thebase of a Motion Control Inc. specimen clamp for fiberlength measurement before being combed or brushed.D 5867test specimen, nin cotton maturity tests, the series of slidesobserved by one technician as one half of the test. D 1442trash, nin cotton , undeveloped seed, motes, small bits ofseed coat, or particles of leaf appearing as specks. D 3990trash, nin testing cotton with the Trash Meter, foreign matterhaving a distinct difference, as seen by a video camera,between light and da