ASTM D6838-2004 Standard Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot Test《Cummins M11浓积炭试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 6838 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCummins M11 High Soot Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6838; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Cum-mins M11 High Soot Test (HST). The test method defines aheavy-duty diesel

3、engine test procedure conducted under highsoot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard tovalve train wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthesis are for informationonly.1.3 This standa

4、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 forgeneral safet

5、y precautions.1.4 Table of Contents:Subject SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Test Engine Configuration 6.1Test Engine 6.1.1Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, and BlockOff Plate6.1.2Oil Pan Modification 6.1.3Engine Control Modu

6、le 6.1.4Air Compressor and Fuel Pump 6.1.5Test Stand Configuration 6.2Engine Mounting 6.2.1Intake Air System 6.2.2Aftercooler 6.2.3Exhaust System 6.2.4Fuel Supply 6.2.5Coolant System 6.2.6Pressurized Oil Fill System 6.2.7External Oil System 6.2.8Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.9Subject SectionBlowby Rate 6

7、.2.10System Time Responses 6.3Oil Sample Containers 6.4Mass Balance 6.5Engine and Cleaning Fluids 7Test Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Solvent 7.4Preparation of Apparatus 8Cleaning of Parts 8.1Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.6Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.7Engine Assembly 8.

8、2General 8.2.1Parts Reuse and Replacement 8.2.2Build-Up Oil 8.2.3Coolant Thermostat 8.2.4Oil Thermostat 8.2.5Fuel Injectors 8.2.6New Parts 8.2.7Operational Measurements 8.3Units and Formats 8.3.1Instrumentation Calibration 8.3.2Temperatures 8.3.3Pressures 8.3.4Flow Rate 8.3.5Engine/Stand Calibration

9、 and Non-ReferenceOil Tests9General 9.1Calibration Configuration 9.2New Test Stand 9.3Engine/Stand Calibration Period 9.4Change of Calibration Configuration 9.5Stand Modification and Calibration Status 9.6Test Numbering System 9.7Reference Oil Test Acceptance 9.8Unacceptable Reference Oil Test 9.9Re

10、ference Oil Accountability 9.10Non-Reference Oil Tests 9.11Test Procedure 10Engine Installation and Stand Connections 10.1Coolant System Fill 10.2Oil Fill for Break-in 10.3Fuel Samples 10.4Engine Warm-up 10.5Engine Break-in 10.6Shutdown and Maintenance 10.7200-h Test Procedure 10.8Oil Fill for Test

11、10.8.2Zero-h Oil Sample 10.8.3.1Operating Conditions 10.8.4Injection Timing Change 10.8.5%Soot Validity 10.8.6Test Timer 10.8.7Operational Data Acquisition 10.8.8Oil Purge, Sample and Addition 10.8.91This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants

12、 and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 683802.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this testmethod by

13、means of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions in allInformation Letters through No. 03-1. Information letters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,Attention: Administrator.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri

14、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Subject SectionFull and Drain Weight 10.8.9.2End of Test (EOT) 10.9Engine Disassembly 10.9.4Calculations, Ratings and Test Validity 11Crosshead Mass Loss 11.1Rod Bearing Mass Loss 11.2Sludge Ratings 11.3Piston Ratings 11.4Oil Filter Pl

15、ugging 11.5Oil Analyses 11.6Oil Consumption 11.7Fuel Analyses 11.8Ring Mass Loss 11.9Assessment of Operational Validity 11.10Assessment of Test Interpretability 11.11Test Report 12Precision and Bias 13Keywords 14AnnexesSafety Precautions Annex A1Mandatory Supplier List Annex A2Engine Build Parts Kit

16、 Annex A3Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4External Oil System Annex A5Fuel Specification Annex A6Cummins Service Publications Annex A7Specified Units and Formats Annex A8Report Forms Annex A9Sludge Rating Forms Annex A10Piston Rating Locations Annex A11Oil Analyses Annex A12Oil Filter P

17、lugging Annex A13Determination of Operational Validity Annex A14AppendixesNon-Mandatory Suppliers List Appendix X1Typical System Configurations Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD92 Test Method for Flash

18、 and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen CupD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion fromPetroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish TestD 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum an

19、dPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane N

20、umber of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Pe

21、troleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2896 Test method for Base Number of Petroleum Prod-ucts by Potentionmetric Perchloric Acid TitrationD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engin

22、e OilsD 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric TitrationD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected El

23、ements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, LightDut

24、y Conditions4D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4D 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD 6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust PreventiveCharacteristics of Automotive Engine OilsE29 Practice for Us

25、ing Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry in Hydro-mometry2.2 Coordinating Research Council:5CRC Manual No. 12CRC Manual No. 18 (Revised May, 1994)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil,

26、 the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility. D 58443.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 53023.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a

27、 standard. E 3443.1.4 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximum.D 44853.1.5 heavy-duty engine, adjin internal combustion en-gines, one that is designed to allow operation co

28、ntinuously ator close to its peak output. D 44853.1.6 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 58443For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o

29、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 219 PerimeterParkway, Atlanta, GA 30346.D68380423.1.7 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconfor

30、mance with the requirements in the standard testmethod, such as running on uncalibrated test stand usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D 58443.1.8 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used a

31、s a basis for comparison. D 58443.1.9 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D 53023.1.10 test oil, nany

32、 oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure. D 65573.1.11 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.11.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combina

33、tion of me-chanical and chemical actions. D 58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 crosshead, nan overhead component, located be-tween the rocker arm and each intake valve and exhaust valvepair, that transfers rocker arm travel to the opening and closingof each valve pair.3.2.1

34、.1 DiscussionEach cylinder has two crossheads, onefor each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves.3.2.2 overhead, nin internal combustion engines, thecomponents of the valve train located in or above the cylinderhead.3.2.3 overfuel, van operating condition in which the fuelflow exceeds the standar

35、d production setting.3.2.4 valve train, nin internal combustion engines, theseries of components such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms,push rods, and camshaft, that open and close the intake andexhaust valves.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a Cummins M11 330 E dieselengine. Test

36、 operation includes a 25-min. warm-up, a 2-hbreak-in, and 200 h in four 50-h stages. During stagesAand C,the engine is operated with retarded fuel injection timing and isoverfueled to generate excess soot. During stages B and D, theengine is operated at higher load conditions to induce valvetrain we

37、ar.4.2 Prior to each test, the engine is cleaned and assembledwith new cylinder liners, pistons, piston rings, and overheadvalve train components. All aspects of the assembly arespecified.4.3 A forced oil drain, oil sample, and oil addition, equiva-lent to an oil consumption of 0.21 g/kW-h, is perfo

38、rmed at theend of each 25-h period.4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instru-mentation to control engine speed, fuel flow, and other oper-ating parameters.4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing valve cross-head wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging.5. Significance a

39、nd Use5.1 This test method was developed to assess the perfor-mance of an engine oil to control engine wear and depositsunder heavy duty operating conditions selected to acceleratesoot production, valve train wear, and deposit formation in aturbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine.5

40、.2 This test method may be used for engine oil specifica-tion acceptance when all details of this test method are incompliance. Applicable engine oil service categories are in-cluded in Specification D 4485.5.3 The test method was correlated with field service data,determined from side-by-side compa

41、risons of two or more oilsin on-highway service. These data are contained in a researchreport.6These same field service oils were used to develop theoperating conditions of this test method.5.4 The design of the engine used in this test method isrepresentative of many, but not all, modern diesel eng

42、ines. Thisfactor, along with the accelerated operating conditions shouldbe considered when extrapolating test results.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Engine Configuration:6.1.1 Test EngineThe Cummins M11 330 E is an 11 Lin-line turbocharged six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine.The engine features a U.S. 1994

43、emissions configuration withelectronic control of fuel metering and fuel injection timing.Obtain the test engine and the engine build parts kit from thesupplier listed in A2.2. The components of the engine buildparts kit are shown in Table A3.1.6.1.2 Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, and Block-off

44、PlateThe oil heat exchanger is relocated from the stockposition with the use of adapter blocks as shown in Fig. A4.1.Install an oil cooler block-off plate on the back of the coolantthermostat housing as shown in Fig. A4.1. The adapter blocksmay be obtained from the supplier listed in X1.3. Control t

45、heoil temperature by directing engine coolant through the oil heatexchanger (see Fig. A4.2).6.1.3 Oil Pan ModificationModify the oil pan as shown inFig. A4.3. A modified oil pan may be obtained from thesupplier listed in X1.3.6.1.4 Engine Control Module (ECM)Obtain the ECMfrom the supplier listed in

46、 A2.2. The ECM programming hasbeen modified to provide overfueling and retarded injectiontiming to increase soot generation and overhead wear.6.1.5 Air Compressor and Fuel PumpThe engine-mounted air compressor is not used for this test method.Remove the air compressor and install the fuel injection

47、pumpin its place (see Fig. A4.4). The fuel injection pump is drivenwith Cummins coupling P/N 208755. The coupling may beobtained from the supplier listed in X1.1.6.2 Test Stand Configuration:6.2.1 Engine MountingInstall the engine with the crank-shaft in a horizontal orientation. (WarningThe enginem

48、ounting hardware should be configured to minimize engine6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1440.D6838043block distortion when the engine is secured to the mounts.Excessive block distortion may influence test re

49、sults.)6.2.2 Intake Air SystemWith the exception of the air filterand the intake air tube, the intake air system is not specified.Atypical configuration is shown in Fig. X2.1. The air filter shallhave a minimum initial efficiency rating of 99.2 % (specifymicron size). Install the intake air tube (see Fig. A4.5)attheintake of the turbocharger compressor. Construct the system tominimize airflow restriction. A method to cool the intake airmay be required. The intake air system shall allow control ofthe parameters within the ranges listed in Table 5.NOTE 1Difficu