ASTM D6837-2009a 7500 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIB Spark Igniti.pdf

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1、Designation: D6837 09aStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks inSequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6837; the number immediately following the designation in

2、dicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe test method described in this standa

3、rd can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, withoutoutside assistance. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)3provides reference oils andassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A1). By this means,the laboratory will know whether their use of

4、 the test method gives results statistically similar to thoseobtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMCservices in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the American PetroleumInstitute (API) imposes such a requ

5、irement, in connection with several U.S. Army engine lubricatingoil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories, which utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the

6、TMC.This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method. Users of this test methodshall contact the TMC, Attention: Administrator, to obtain the most recent of these.1. Scope1.1 This test

7、 method covers an engine test procedure for themeasurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on thefuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks withgross vehicle weight of 3856 kg or less. The tests are conductedon a dynamometer test stand using a specified spark-ignitionengine with a

8、 displacement of 4.6-L. It applies to multiviscos-ity grade oils used in these applications.1.2 This test method also provides for the running of anabbreviated length test that is referred to as the VIBSJ. Theprocedure for VIBSJ is identical to the Sequence VIB with theexception of the items specifi

9、cally listed in Annex A13. Theprocedure modifications listed in Annex A13 refer to thecorresponding section of the Sequence VIB test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no di

10、rect SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubingsize, or single source supply equipment specifications. BrakeSpecific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms perkilowatthour. In Figs. A2.4, A2.5, and A2.8, inch-pound unitsare to be regarded as standard.1.4 This stan

11、dard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This test method is arra

12、nged as follows:Subject SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 61This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.0

13、1 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D683709. DOI:10.1520/D6837-09a.2The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed in 1956 byanASTM Committee D02 group

14、. Subsequently, the procedures were published in anASTM special technical publication. The Sequence VIB was published as ResearchReport D02-1469 dated April 8, 1999.3ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.For other information, refer to Research Report D02-1469, Seque

15、nce VIB TestDevelopment. This research report and this test method are supplemented byInformation Letters and Memoranda issued by the ASTM TMC. This editionincorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 081.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho

16、hocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Subject SectionGeneral 6.1Test Engine Configuration 6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3Engine Speed and Torque Control 6.4Dynamometer 6.4.1Dynamometer Torque 6.4.2Engine Cooling System 6.5External Oil System 6.6Fuel System 6.7Fuel Flow Measurement 6.7.2Fuel Temp

17、erature and Pressure Control tothe Fuel Flowmeter6.7.3Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control toEngine Fuel Rail6.7.4Fuel Supply Pumps 6.7.5Fuel Filtering 6.7.6Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8Intake Air Humidity 6.8.1Intake Air Filtration 6.8.2Intake Air Pressure Relief 6.8.3Temperature Measurement 6.9The

18、rmocouple Location 6.9.5AFR Determination 6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11Exhaust Manifolds 6.11.1Laboratory Exhaust System 6.11.2Exhaust Back Pressure 6.11.3Pressure Measurement and Pressure SensorLocations6.12Engine Oil 6.12.2Fuel to Fuel Flowmeter 6.12.3Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail

19、6.12.4Exhaust Back Pressure 6.12.5Intake Air 6.12.6Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure 6.12.7Coolant Flow Differential Pressure 6.12.8Crankcase Pressure 6.12.9Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus 6.13Test Engine Configuration 6.13.1ECM/EEC (Engine Control) Module 6.13.2Thermostat/Orifice Plate

20、 6.13.3Intake Manifold 6.13.4Flywheel 6.13.5Wiring Harnesses 6.13.6EGR Block-Off Plate 6.13.7Oil Pan 6.13.8Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube 6.13.9Idle Speed Control Solenoid (ISC) Block-OffPlate6.13.10Engine Water Pump 6.13.11Thermostat Housing 6.13.12Oil Filter Adapter 6.13.13Fuel Rail 6.13.14Miscel

21、laneous Apparatus Related to EngineOperation6.14Timing Light 6.14.1Reagents and Materials 7Engine Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Preparation of Apparatus 8Test Stand Preparation 8.2Engine Preparation 9Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.2Engine Assembly Procedure 9.3General Assem

22、bly Instructions 9.3.1Bolt Torque Specifications 9.3.2Sealing Compounds 9.3.3Harmonic Balancer 9.3.5Oil Pan 9.3.6Intake Manifold 9.3.7Camshaft Covers 9.3.8Thermostat 9.3.9Thermostat Housing 9.3.10Coolant Inlet 9.3.11Oil Filter Adapter 9.3.12Subject SectionDipstick Tube 9.3.13Water Pump 9.3.14Sensors

23、, Switches, Valves, and Positioners 9.3.15Ignition System 9.3.16Fuel Injection System 9.3.17Intake Air System 9.3.18Engine Management System (Spark and FuelControl)9.3.19Accessory Drive Units 9.3.20Exhaust Manifolds 9.3.21Engine Flywheel and Guards 9.3.22Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.3.23Engine Mou

24、nts 9.3.24Calibration 10Stand/Engine Calibration 10.1Procedure 10.1.1Reporting of Reference Results 10.1.2Analysis of Reference/Calibration Oils 10.1.3Instrument Calibration 10.2Engine Torque Measurement System 10.2.1Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.2.2Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.2.3Thermocoup

25、le and Temperature MeasurementSystem10.2.4Humidity Measurement System 10.2.5Other Instrumentation 10.2.6Test Procedure 11Preparation for Initial Start-up of New Engine 11.1External Oil System 11.1.1Flush Effectiveness Demonstration 11.1.2Preparation for Oil Charge 11.1.3Oil Charge for Coolant Flush

26、11.1.4Engine Coolant Charge for Coolant Flush 11.1.5Initial Engine Start-up 11.2Coolant Flush 11.3New Engine Break-In 11.4Oil Charge for Break-In 11.4.2Break-In Operating Conditions 11.4.3Routine Test Operation 11.5Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures 11.5.8Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures 11.5.9Tes

27、t Operating Stages 11.5.10Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.5.11Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.5.12Data Logging 11.5.13BC Oil Flush Procedure for BC Oil Before TestOil11.5.14BSFC Measurement of BC Oil Before Test Oil 11.5.15Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.5.16Test Oil Aging 11.5.17BSFC Measurem

28、ent of Aged (Phase I) Test Oil 11.5.18Aging Phase II 11.5.19BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase II) Test Oil 11.5.21BC Oil Flush Procedure for BC Oil After Test Oil 11.5.22BSFC Measurement for BC Oil After Test Oil 11.5.23General Test Data Logging Forms 11.5.24Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.5.25Determi

29、nation of Test Results 12FEI1 and FEI2 Calculations 12.1Final Test Report 13Validity Statement 13.1Report Format 13.2Precision and Bias 14Precision 14.1Validity 14.2Test Stand Calibration Status 14.2.1Validity Interpretation of Deviant OperationalConditions14.2.2Bias 14.3Keywords 15AnnexesRole of AS

30、TM TMC Annex A1Detailed Specifications and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A2Oil Heater Cerrobase Refill Procedure Annex A3Engine Part Number Listing Annex A4D6837 09a2Subject SectionFlying Flush Checklists Annex A5Safety Precautions Annex A6Report Format Annex A7Statistical Equations for Mean and Stand

31、ardDeviationsAnnex A8Oil Sump Full Level Determination ConsumptionMeasurement Calibration ProcedureAnnex A9Fuel Injector Evaluation Annex A10Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A11Blow-by Ventilation System Requirements Annex A12VIBSJ Abbreviated Length Test Requirements Annex A13AppendixProcuremen

32、t of Test Materials Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocar

33、bon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of T

34、ransparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spar

35、k-Ignition Engine FuelD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Ab-sorption SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive

36、 X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty C

37、onditions5D5533 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIE, Spark-Ignition Engine5D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)5D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V9

38、2TA DieselEngineD6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in theSequence VIA Spark Ignition EngineD6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust PreventiveCharacteristics of Automotive Engine OilsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test

39、 Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE191 Specification for Apparatus For Microdeterminationof Carbon and Hydrogen in Organic and Organo-MetallicCompoundsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 SAE Standards:6J304 Engine Oil

40、TestsJ1423 Classification of Energy-Conserving Engine Oil forPassenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks2.3 API Publication:7API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System2.4 ANSI Standard:8ANSI MC96.1-1975 Temperature Measurement Thermo-couples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, ni

41、n internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being induced into thecombustion chambers. D53023.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D44853.1.3 blowby, nin internal com

42、bustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D53023.1.4 BTDC, adjabbreviation for Before Top Dead Cen-ter, used with the degree symbol to indicate the angularposition of the crankshaft relative to its position at the point ofuppermost travel of

43、 the piston in the cylinder. D55333.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device or a given engine with respect to astandard. D58623.1.6 calibration oil, nan oil that is used to determine theindication or output of a measuring device or a given enginewith respect to a s

44、tandard. D62023.1.7 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts of an engine; removes heat,4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor

45、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. This standard is not available

46、 separately. Eitherorder the SAE Handbook Vol. 3, or the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Standards ManualHS-23.7Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.8Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10

47、036.D6837 09a3particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as acombustion gas sealant for the piston rings. D58623.1.8 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D58623.1.9 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a refere

48、nceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D58443.1.10 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, a person or organi-zation that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on aspecified product.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThe preferred term is purchaser. Dep-recated terms that have been us

49、ed are client, requester, sponsor,and customer. D62023.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics used as a basis for comparison. D58443.1.12 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure. D65573.1.13 test start, nintroduction of test oil into the engine.D55333.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aged test oil, nan engine oil to be tested that hasbeen previously subjected to use in a spark-ignited operatingengine for a prescribed length of service under prescribedconditions.3.2.2 aging, nthe subje