ASTM D6798-2002(2018) 9375 Standard Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen.pdf

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1、Designation: D6798 02 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Terminology Relating toFlax and Linen1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical termsrelated to flax and linen.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance wit

3、h internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards

4、:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD7879 Test Method for Determining Flax Fiber WidthsUsing Image Analysis3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:average fiber width (m), nthe arithmetic mean width of aselected group of fibers in a two-dimensional image plane.DISCUSSIONThe selected group of fibers is depe

5、ndent upon thecapturing device and software parameters as set by the opeator. D7879bast fibers, n in flax stems, fibers found in the layer ofphloem of the flax stem between the inner xylem tissue andthe epidermis tissue.breaking, nin flax stems, the crushing of the structure of thestem; loosening th

6、e bond between the fiber bundles andshives and breaking the shives into short pieces to facilitateits bing, nin flax, the processing of tow so as to producetops or silver which have the staple length and width suitablefor use in the worsted spinning system.cottonizing, n in flax, the processing of f

7、lax fiber so as tomake it suitable for use in the cotton spinning system.decorticating, n in flax, the process of mechanically sepa-rating fiber bundles from straw.de-seeding, nin flax, the process of removing seeds andseed-holding structures from plants.dew retting, nin flax, the process of pulling

8、 or cutting flaxstraw and leaving on the soil for a period of time to allowpartial degradation of straw to effect retting.enzyme retting, nin flax, the process of mechanically addingenzyme formulations under precise conditions to pulled orcut flax straw for a period of time to effect retting.fiber b

9、undle, n in flax, group of ultimate fibers which areheld together in the flax stem by pectins, lignins or anycombination thereof.flax, nthe generic name for plants that are botanicallyclassified as Linum usitatissimum, which are cultivated forseed and/or fiber.hackling, nin flax, the process of clea

10、ning and aligninglong-line fibers to improve fineness and remove non-fibrousmaterials and short fibers.linen, na yarn or fabric made solely from flax fibers.linen blend, na yarn or fabric made from a combination offlax and other fibers.long line, nin flax, flax fiber bundles that have a minimumlengt

11、h of 50 cm.over-retting, n in flax, indicates that decomposition hascaused excessive deterioration of bast fibers. (See retting andunderretting)retting, nin flax, the process of partial biological or chemicaldecomposition of pectins and other components which bindthe fiber, fiber bundles, and the no

12、n-fiber structures, therebyfacilitating removal of bast fibers from stems. (See under-retting and over-retting)scutching, nthe mechanical beating and scraping of flaxstraw subsequent to breaking to separate the shives and towfrom the long line flax fiber.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction o

13、fASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6798 02(2013)2.DOI: 10.1520/D6798-02R18.2For referenced ASTM s

14、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken

15、, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizati

16、on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1shives, nthe woody parts of the flax plant which are notfibers.straw, nin flax, refers to dried stems and plant parts such asroots, leaves, and seed holding structures.tow, nin flax fibers, a combination of fiber bundles andultimate fibers that have a

17、maximum length of 50 cm.DISCUSSIONTow can be made during any stage of processing. Forexample, breaker, scutched and hackled tow are respectively createdsubsequent to breaking, scutching and hackling.trash, nin flax fiber, any non-fibrous material.ultimate fiber, n in flax, an individual bast fiber.u

18、nder-retting, n in flax, indicates that decomposition isinsufficient to allow fiber bundles to be easily removed fromthe non-fibrous parts of the stem. (See retting and over-retting)water retting, nin flax, the process of immersing flax strawfor a period of time in water to effect retting.3.2 Other

19、DefinitionsFor the definitions of other textileterms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D123.4. Keywords4.1 definitions; flax; linen; terminologyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.

20、Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed ev

21、ery five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible tech

22、nical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc

23、ken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 02 (2018)2