ASTM D6567-2018 5625 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Light Penetration of a Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP).pdf

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1、Designation: D6567 18Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Light Penetration of a Rolled Erosion ControlProduct (RECP)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring the amount ofincandescent light that penetrates through a rolled erosioncontr

3、ol product.1.2 This test method does not provide light penetrationvalues for RECPs under variable normal sun and soil condi-tions. This test method determines nominal light penetration.1.3 This test method is not to be used to determine a percentground cover value for RECPs, as the amount of lightpe

4、netration may include light passing through translucentmaterial or reflecting off surfaces.1.4 The values stated as a percentage are to be regarded asthe standard. The values provided in footcandles are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a

5、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internatio

6、nally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Termi

7、nology Relating to TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine

8、the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 light penetration, nthe percent of light incident onthe front surface of a material that is emitted from the backsurface of the material.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.3.3

9、 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles andgeomembranes used in this test method, refer to TerminologyD4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The nominal light penetration of RECPs is determinedby the meter reading in footcandles with and without place-ment of the specimen in a determined

10、 location between thelight source and the meter.5. Significance and Use5.1 Light penetration may be used to control the quality ofmany RECPs. Light penetration has not been proven to relateto field performance for all materials.5.2 The light penetration of RECPs may vary considerably,depending on th

11、e composite materials used in the matrix of themat or due to inconsistency within a given mat. To minimizevariation, specific sample size and procedures are indicated inthis test method to help ensure comparable results.5.3 This test method may be used to determine the effect ofdifferent composite m

12、aterials and makeup of RECPs on thepenetration of light.5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of RECPs. Comparative tests as di-rected in 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test m

13、ethod for acceptance1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-thetic Erosion Control.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition

14、 approved in 2017 as D6567 17. DOI:10.1520/D6567-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright

15、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International

16、Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent

17、 statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.At a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that areformed from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbe

18、rs toeach laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be corrected,or the purchaser and supplier must agree upon the

19、known bias.NOTE 1The light penetration has no definitive relationship to theamount of ground cover provided by a RECP, as the amount of lightpenetration may include light passing through translucent elements orlight deflecting off of elements of the RECP structure. Thus, this testmethod is not inten

20、ded to be used to determine a percent ground covervalue for RECPs.NOTE 2The user should be aware that the makeup and possiblemovement of the composite materials, and the like, may affect the RECPsfollowing the time when they are rolled up on rolls, shipped, and stored.6. Apparatus6.1 Light Penetrati

21、on BoxSee Fig. 1 (length view), andFig. 2 (width view).NOTE 3The light penetration box shown in Fig. 1 is built from34-in.wood.6.2 Adjustable Rod with Light BulbSee Fig. 3.6.3 Light MeterThe light meter must measure in foot-candles and be capable of measuring determined open areafootcandle reading a

22、s well as determined area with denseRECP material in place. A meter with a digital readout such asExtech Instruments Model 407026 Heavy Duty Light Meter isrecommended.36.4 Cutting DiesThe cutting dies must be capable ofcutting specimen dimensions at least 200 mm (8 in.) by at least250 mm (10 in.).NO

23、TE 4Due to possible loss of loose internal components duringcutting and handling of many RECPs, care should be exercised tominimize these effects.7. Sampling7.1 Sample by LotIn the absence of other guidelines,divide the product into lots and take lot samples in accordancewith Practice D4354.7.2 Labo

24、ratory SampleFor the laboratory sample, take afull-width sample of sufficient length in the machine directionso that the required size and number of specimens can beobtained. Exclude the inner and outer layers or wraps of theroll or any material containing folds, crushed areas, or otherdistortions n

25、ot representative of the sampled lot.7.3 Remove test specimens from the laboratory sample sothat each specimen will contain different machine and cross-machine elements with no specimen taken nearer than 100 mm(4 in.) from the roll sides or ends, unless otherwise specified.7.4 Test SpecimensTest spe

26、cimens from the sample shallbe at least 250 by 200 mm (10 by 8 in.). Handle the specimensin a manner to avoid the loss of loose filler and weavingcomponents.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Extech Instruments Corporation, 9 Townsend West, Nashua, NH 0

27、3063. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Light Penetration BoxD6567 1827.5 Number of SpecimensU

28、nless otherwise agreed upon,as when provided in an applicable material specification, takethe number of test specimens per laboratory sample as follows:7.5.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is a reliableestimate of v based upon extensive part records for similarmaterials tested in the users laborat

29、ory as directed in this testmethod, calculate the required number of specimens as followsso that the user may expect at the 95 % probability level thatthe test result is not more than 5.0 % of the average above orbelow the average of the sample:n 5 tv/A!2(1)where:n = number of test specimens (rounde

30、d upward to a wholenumber),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of theindividual observations on similar materials in theusers laboratory under conditions of single-operatorposition, %,t = the value of Students t for one-sided limits, a 95 %probability level, and the degrees of free

31、dom associatedwith the estimate of v, andA = 5.0 % of the average, the value of the allowablevariation.7.5.2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliableestimate of v for the users laboratory, measurements shall bemade on a minimum of five (5) specimens per laboratorysample.8. Conditioning8.1

32、Bring the specimens to moisture and temperature equi-librium in the atmosphere for testing RECPs, that is, atemperature of 21 6 2 C (70 6 4 F) and relative humidity of60 6 10 %.NOTE 5The positive and negative variations specified, along with thetemperature and relative humidity settings, are the max

33、imum allowedoperational fluctuations from the set points under equilibrium conditions.They do not imply that the set points can be higher or lower than thosespecified.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-spheric condition as set forth in 8.1.9.2 Care should be taken in

34、 handling of the test specimensto avoid altering the natural finished state of the material.9.3 Close the top of the box, cover the slot where the sampleis placed, and turn on the light source. Place the light meter onthe shelf in front of the opening at the end of the box.9.4 Slide the adjustable r

35、od with bulb inside the box toobtain maximum brightness (highest meter reading). Recordthe reading.9.5 Open top of box and insert the specimen into the slottedarea, being sure to leave no area open to avoid false readings.NOTE 6A stiff, opaque border may be use to ensure proper holding ofthe specime

36、n in place if material is flexible. When a border is used, theFIG. 2 End View of BoxFIG. 3 Adjustable Rod and BulbD6567 183meter reading taken before placement of the specimen must include theopen border placed in the slot.9.6 After the top has been closed and the slot openingcovered, obtain meter r

37、eading. Ensure meter is set on theappropriate scale to obtain best reading. Record the results.9.7 Repeat the procedure for each of the remaining speci-mens.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the percent of light penetration as follows inEq 2:% light penetration 5MR2MR13100 (2)where:MR1 = meter reading p

38、rior to placement of specimen, andMR2 = meter reading with specimen in place.10.2 Calculate the average % light penetration for allspecimens.11. Report11.1 The report for the nominal % light penetration shallinclude the following information:11.1.1 Project, type of RECP tested, and test method ofsam

39、pling,11.1.2 Specimen size used in testing if other than standard,11.1.3 Number of tests performed,11.1.4 Type of light source and testing apparatus used,11.1.5 Average nominal % light penetration,11.1.6 Coefficient of variation of light penetration within thesample, in percent (optional), and11.1.7

40、 Any unusual observations or modifications of samplespecimens as manufactured or test method as described.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is basedon two interlaboratory studies of D6567 Standard Test Methodfor Measuring the Light Penetration of a Rolled ErosionC

41、ontrol Product (RECP), conducted in 2013 and 2014. Sevenlaboratories participated in the 2013 study and six laboratoriesparticipated in the 2014 study. Each of the labs reported threereplicate test results for each of the rested RECPs. Every “testresult” reported represents the average of five measu

42、rementstaken from a sample. Practice E691 was followed for thedesign and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTMResearch Report Nos. RR:D35-10184and RR:D35-1027.512.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitiveresults obtained by the same operator in a given laboratoryapplying t

43、he same test method with the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material withinshort intervals of time would, in the long run, in the normal andcorrect operation of the test method, exceed the followingvalues only in one case in 20.12.1.1.1 Repeatability can be inter

44、preted as the maximumdifference between two results, obtained under repeatabilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.12.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 1.12.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between tw

45、osingle and independent results obtained by different operatorsapplying the same test method in different laboratories usingdifferent apparatus on identical test material would, in the longrun, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following values only in one case in 20.

46、12.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as the maximumdifference between two results, obtained under reproducibilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.12.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 1.12.1.3 The

47、 terms repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit are used as specified in Practice E177.12.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with 12.1.1 and 12.1.2will have an approximate 95 % probability of being correct.The precision statistics obtained in this ILS must not be treatedas exact mathematical quantit

48、ies which are applicable to allcircumstances and uses. The limited number of materials testedmay lead to times when differences greater than predicted bythe ILS results will arise, sometimes with considerably greateror smaller frequency than the 95 % probability limit wouldimply.12.2 BiasAt the time

49、 of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod; therefore, no statement on bias is being made.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1018. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1027. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Average Light Penetration (%)NOTE