ASTM D6560-2000(2005) Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products《原油和石油产品中沥青质(庚烷不溶物)测定的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D6560-2000(2005) Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products《原油和石油产品中沥青质(庚烷不溶物)测定的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D6560-2000(2005) Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products《原油和石油产品中沥青质(庚烷不溶物)测定的标准试验方法》.pdf(5页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 6560 00 (Reapproved 2005)Designation: IP 143/01An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in CrudePetroleum and Petroleum Products1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6560; the number immediately followin
2、g the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method co
3、vers a procedure for the determina-tion of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil,diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, andcrude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of260C (see A1.2.1.1).1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and30.0
4、 % m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid butmay not give the same precision values.1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does n
5、ot purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
6、ds:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Dig
7、ital Density MeterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 IP Standard:4Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 asphaltenes, nwax-free organic material ins
8、olublein heptane, but soluble in hot toluene (benzene).NOTE 1Benzene is included in this definition solely on the basis of itsclassical references in the definition of asphaltenes. The precision of thistest method when using toluene has been found to be the same as whenusing benzene.4. Summary of Te
9、st Method4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane andthe mixture heated under reflux, and the precipitated asphalt-enes, waxy substances, and inorganic material are collected ona filter paper. The waxy substances are removed by washingwith hot heptane in an extractor.4.2 After removal
10、of the waxy substances, the asphaltenesare separated from the inorganic material by dissolution in hottoluene, the extraction solvent is evaporated, and the asphalt-enes weighed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest mo-lecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio norm
11、ally occurring incrude petroleum and petroleum products containing residualmaterial. They may give problems during storage and handlingif the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants a
12、nd is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 6560 00.2This standard is based on material published in the IP S
13、tandard methods forAnalysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000Parts, copyright Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR.Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
14、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR,UK.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
15、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.excess stress or incompatibility. They are also the last mol-ecules in a product to combust completely, and thus may beone indicator of black smoke propensity. Their compositionnormally includes a disproportionately high quantity of thesulfur, nitrogen
16、, and metals present in the crude petroleum orpetroleum product.6. Apparatus6.1 GeneralGround-glass joints from different sourcesmay have one of two diameter to length ratios. For thepurposes of this test method, either is suitable, and for someapplications, the diameter itself can be one of two . H
17、owever,it is critical that the male and female parts of each joint arefrom the same series to avoid recession or protuberance.6.2 Condenser, with a coil or double surface, fitted with a34/45 or 34/35 ground-glass joint at the bottom to fit the top ofthe extractor. Minimum length is 300 mm.6.3 Reflux
18、 Extractor, conforming to the dimensions given inFig. 1. Tolerances are 61 mm on the height and outer diameter(OD) of the extractor body and 60.5 mm on all otherdimensions. The female ground-glass joint at the top shallmatch the male at the bottom of the condenser, and the maleground-glass joint at
19、the bottom shall match the female of theconical flask.6.4 Conical Flasks, of borosilicate glass of appropriatecapacity (see 11.2 and Table 1), with ground-glass joints to fitthe bottom of the extractor.NOTE 2Sizes 24/39, 24/29, 29/43, or 29/32 are suitable.6.5 Stopper, of borosilicate glass of a siz
20、e to fit the conicalflask.6.6 Evaporating Vessel, of borosilicate glass. Either a hemi-spherical dish of approximately 90 mm diameter, or anothersuitable vessel used in conjunction with a rotovapor.NOTE 3A rotovapor in conjunction with a nitrogen atmospherereduces the hazard of toluene evaporation (
21、see 11.7).6.7 Filter Funnel, of borosilicate glass, approximately100 mm diameter.6.8 Filter Papers, Whatman5Grade 42, 110 or 125-mmdiameter.6.9 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing with an accu-racy of 0.1 mg.6.10 Forceps, of stainless steel, spade ended.6.11 Timing Device, electronic or manual,
22、accurate to 1.0 s.6.12 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature from 100to 110C.6.13 Graduated Cylinders, of 50 and 100 mL capacity.6.14 Stirring Rods, of glass or polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), 150 by 3-mm diameter.6.15 Cooling Vessel, consisting of either a dessicator with-out desiccant, or anot
23、her suitable tightly-stoppered vessel.6.16 Mixer, high-speed, nonaerating.7. Reagents7.1 Toluene (methylbenzene) C6H5CH3, analytical reagentor nitration grade.7.2 Heptane C7H16, analytical reagent grade.8. Sampling8.1 Unless otherwise specified, take samples by the proce-dures described in Practice
24、D 4057 or D 4177.9. Test Portion Preparation9.1 Test portions from the laboratory samples shall bedrawn after thorough mixing and subdivision. Heat viscoussamples of residual fuels to a temperature that renders thesample liquid, but not above 80C, and homogenize, using themixer (see 6.16) as necessa
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