ASTM D5207-2014 Standard Practice for Confirmation of 20–mm (50–W) and 125–mm (500–W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials.pdf

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1、Designation: D5207 09D5207 14Standard Practice forConfirmation of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) TestFlames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti

2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the confirmation of test flames for small-scale burn

3、ing tests on plastic materials using the laboratoryburner described in Specification D5025. Back pressures and flow rates for methane, propane, and butane supply gases are givenfor specific test flames. This practice describes a procedure to confirm the heat evolution of the test flame.1.2 The value

4、s stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment o

5、f the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.NOTE 1There is no similar ISO standard. This practice is equivalent in technical content to, but not fully corresponding in presentation with, theconfirmatory procedures of IEC/TS 60695-11-3, Method A and IEC/TS 60695-11-4, Method

6、A.1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to est

7、ablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale

8、Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison TechniquesE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE608 Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Bas

9、e Metal Thermocouples2.2 IEC Standards:3IEC/TS 60695-11-3 Ed. 1: Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11: Test Flames-Section 3: 500 W Flames: Apparatus and ConfirmationalTest MethodsIEC/TS 60695-11-4 Ed. 2: Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11: Test Flames-Section 4: 50 W Flame:Apparatus and Confirmational TestMethods3

10、. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of Terms: For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D883.3.1.1 For definitions of terms related to plastics used in this test method, refer to Terminology D883. For definitions of termsrelated to fire used in this test method, refer

11、to Terminology E176.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009May 1, 2014. Published September 2009May 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previou

12、s edition approved in 20032009 asD5207 03.D5207 09. DOI: 10.1520/D5207-09.10.1520/D5207-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Sum

13、mary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been ma

14、de to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A

15、Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Practice4.1 Atest flame of specified height and color is obtained with gas supplied at a suggested back pressu

16、re and flow rate.Athermalsensor is then positioned over the flame, and the time for the temperature of the sensor to increase from 100 to 700C is determined.The time is used to confirm the heat-evolution profile of the test flame.5. Significance and Use5.1 The flame height and color (indicative of a

17、ir-to-gas ratio) for a test flame have traditionally been specified in the individualtest method. The energy content of the flame has also been addressed by reference to a specific supply gas. It has been determinedthat the supply-gas back pressure and flow rate can be varied without affecting the h

18、eight and color of the flame. However, theenergy content of the flame is affected. This practice provides the back pressure and flow rate of the supply gas for a 20-mm(50W) and a 125-mm (500W) test flame, and a procedure for confirming the heat-fluxheat-evolution profile of the test flame.5.2 Inform

19、ation is provided for test flames using methane, propane, or butane. Using this information, these supply gases canbe used interchangeably with a standardized burner to produce essentially the same test flame.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosure or laboratory hood, free of induced or forced draft

20、, having an internal volume of at least 0.5 m3for the 20mm (50W) flame or 0.75 m3 for the 125mm (500W) flame.6.2 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance with Specification D5025.6.3 Manometer/Pressure Gauge, capable of measuring to 800 mm of water, with increments of 5 mm.6.4 Flow MeterA rotame

21、ter calibrated in accordance with Practice D3195, with correlation curves appropriate for the gas, ora mass flow meter with at least 2 % accuracy.6.5 Thermal Sensor (Copper Slug and Thermocouple)A slug constructed of high conductivity (electrolytic) copper withdimensions as shown in Fig. 1. A 1.76 6

22、 0.01-g slug is used for the 20-mm (50W) flame, and a 10.0 6 0.05-g slug is used forthe 125-mm (500W) flame.AType K thermocouple with a 0.5-mm diameter stainless steel sheath constructed in accordance withSpecification E608 shall be peened into the top of the slug.FIG. 1 CopperCopper Slug for Therma

23、l SensorD5207 1426.6 Temperature IndicatorA potentiometer or temperature indicator for Type K thermocouples capable of reading to 800C.Calibrate the combination thermal sensor and temperature indicator in accordance with the general procedures outlined in MethodE220. The initial calibration toleranc

24、e is defined in Tables E230.6.7 Ring Stand, with a clamp or equivalent device, adjustable for positioning of the thermal sensor.6.8 Timer, stop watch or other suitable timing device capable of timing to the nearest 0.1 s.6.9 Gas SupplyA supply of methane, propane, or butane, with suitable regulator

25、and meter for uniform gas flow.6.9.1 Methane, Technical grade, 98 % minimum purity, having a heating value of 37 6 1 MJ/m3 at 25C. Natural gas with acertified heating value of 37 6 1 MJ/m3 will likely provide similar results.6.9.2 Propane, Technical grade, 98 % minimum purity, having a heating value

26、 of 94 6 2 MJ/m3 at 25C.6.9.3 Butane, CP grade, 99 % minimum purity, having a heating value of 120 6 3 MJ/m3 at 25C.7. Confirmation Procedure7.1 Locate the burner in a draft-free enclosure or hood. Connect the burner to the gas supply, in line with a control valve,flowmeter and manometer. See Fig. 2

27、.7.2 Connect the leads of the Type K thermocouple to the temperature indicator. Clamp the thermocouple sheath above theburner, along its central axis, so that the copper slug is suspended 75 mm minimum from the clamp. See Fig. 3.7.2.1 20-mm (50W) Test FlamePosition the slug 10 6 1 mm from the top of

28、 the burner.7.2.2 125-mm (500W) Test FlamePosition the slug 55 6 1 mm from the top of the burner.7.3 Move the burner away from the copper slug to ensure no influence of the flame on the slug during the preliminaryadjustment of the test flame.7.4 If the copper slug has not been used before, conduct a

29、 preliminary run to condition the surface of the slug. Discard this firstresult. The slug shall not be polished or cleaned for subsequent use. The presence or absence of an oxide coating affects the thermalresponse of the slug to the flame. It is recommended that laboratories maintain a standard ref

30、erence slug and a working slug tocompare their thermal response working and verify that the oxide coating is not affecting the working slugs thermal response.7.5 Start with the needle valve on the burner completely open, and the air-inlet openings closed or reduced to the smallestsetting. Set the ga

31、s-flow rate and back pressure for the type of flame and gas supply. Ignite the flame.7.5.1 20-mm (50W) Test FlameSet the gas flow rate as shown in Table 1. Adjust the needle valve so that the back pressureis also as shown in Table 1. Adjust the barrel air supply so that a blue flame with no inner co

32、ne and an overall height of 20 6 1mm is produced, when viewed in subdued light.NOTE 2If alternate fuel gases such as propane or butane are used, ensure that a stable flame is obtained and the heat-evolution profile complies with7.10.1. It is possible the yellow tip will not disappear when using prop

33、ane or butane.7.5.2 125-mm (500W) Test FlameSet the gas flow rate as shown in Table 2.Adjust the needle valve so that the back pressureis also as shown in Table 2. Adjust the barrel air supply so that a flame having an inner blue cone of 40 6 2 mm and an overallheight of 125 6 10 mm is produced, whe

34、n viewed in subdued light.7.6 Extinguish the flame and reposition the copper slug, if necessary.7.7 Reignite the flame and allow the burner to operate for 5 min to stabilize the working temperature.7.8 The initial temperature of the slug shall be less than 50C.7.9 Reposition the burner under the slu

35、g. Start the timer when the temperature of the slug reaches 100 6 2C. Stop the timerwhen the temperature of the slug reaches 700 6 3C. Record this time. Remove the burner and allow the slug to cool in air to lessthan 50C between determinations.NOTE 3It is optional to use a small fan to reduce the ti

36、me to cool the slug.FIG. 2 BurnerBurner Supply ArrangementD5207 143NOTE 4To avoid damage to the thermocouple, immediately remove or extinguish the flame once the slug has reached 700C.7.10 Report the individual determinations.7.10.1 20-mm (50W) Test FlameThe time for the temperature to rise from 100

37、 6 2 to 700 6 3C shall be 44 6 2 s.7.10.2 125-mm (500W) Test FlameThe time for the temperature to rise from 100 6 2 to 700 6 3C shall be 54 6 2 s.7.11 If the temperature-rise time falls outside the specified range, adjust the gas-flow rate and repeat the calibration procedurefrom 7.5. If the tempera

38、ture-rise time is within the specified range, repeat the heating procedure (see 7.7) two additional times toconfirm the heat-evolution profile of the test flame.7.12 An example of a typical temperature response is shown in Fig. 4.8. Keywords8.1 confirmation; flammability; laboratory burner; small-sc

39、ale burning tests; test flamesFIG. 3 ConfirmatoryConfirmatory Test ArrangementTABLE 1 20-mm (50W) Test FlameGas Type MethaneFlow rate mL/min 105 5Back pressure mm water 10TABLE 2 125-mm (500W) Test FlameGas Type Methane Propane ButaneFlow rate mL/min 965 30 380 15 300 10Backpressuremm water 125 25 5

40、50 100 600 125D5207 144SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5207 - 03D5207 - 09) that may impact the use of this standard. (September (May 1, 20141, 2009)(1) Updated caveats for fire test methodsAdded standard edition

41、number to IEC/TS60695-11-3 (1.32.2 and 1.4).(2) Removed nonmandatory language (Revised 6.53.1, .6.9.1, 7.8, Notes 2, 3, and 4).(3) Moved text on preconditioning of the copper slug from a Note to Revised the term “heat flux” to “heat evolution” (7.45.1) toalign with 1.1, 4.1, and 7.11.(4) Updated pro

42、cedure to report individual determinations and require three repetitions within the specified range instead of anaverage (7.10 and 7.11).(4) Added tolerance for methane gas flow rate of 20-mm test flame the replacement criteria for copper slug to minimize variationin results (Table 17.4).ASTM Intern

43、ational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely t

44、heir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should

45、 be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standa

46、rds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 4 TypicalTypical Temperature ResponseD5207 145