ASTM D6113-2009 1875 Standard Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimeter to Determine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fi.pdf

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1、Designation: D 6113 09An American National StandardStandard Test Method forUsing a Cone Calorimeter to Determine Fire-Test-ResponseCharacteristics of Insulating Materials Contained inElectrical or Optical Fiber Cables1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6113; the number immediately

2、 following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This is a

3、fire-test-response standard.1.2 Several fire-test-response characteristics, including thetime to sustained flaming, heat release rate, total heat released,effective heat of combustion, and specific extinction area; aremeasured or calculated by this test method at a constant radiantheating flux. For

4、specific limitations see also 5.7 and Section 6.1.3 The tests are conducted by burning the electrical insu-lating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cableswhen the cable test specimens, excluding accessories, aresubjected to radiant heat.1.4 This standard measures and describes the r

5、esponse ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be r

6、egarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det

7、ermine the applica-bility or regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscur

8、ation of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD 5485 Test Method for Determining the Corrosive Effectof Combustion Products Using the Cone CorrosimeterD 5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread,Smoke Obscuration,

9、 and Mass Loss Testing of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 906 Test Method for He

10、at and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using a ThermopileMethodE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE 1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upholstered Furniture and Matt

11、ress Components orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter2.2 CSA Standard:CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, FT4, Vertical Flame Tests: Cables inCable Trays, Section 4.11.4 in C22.2 No. 0.3, TestMethods for Electrical Wires and Cables32.3 IEC Standards:IEC 60695-4 Fire Hazard Testing. Part 4: T

12、erminologyConcerning Fire Tests4IEC 60695-5-2 Fire Hazard Testing. Part 5: Assessment ofPotential Corrosion Damage by Fire Effluent - Section 2:Guidance on the Selection and Use of Test Methods42.4 IEEE Standard:IEEE 1202 Standard for Flame Testing of Cables for Use inCable Tray in Industrial and Co

13、mmercial Occupancies,IEEE Standard 120251This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.21 on Fire Performance Standards.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009

14、. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6113 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag

15、e onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue deVaremb, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.5Availab

16、le from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

17、 19428-2959, United States.2.5 ISO Standards:ISO 13943 Fire Safety: Vocabulary6ISO 11907-4 PlasticsSmoke GenerationDeterminationof the Corrosivity of Fire EffluentsPart 4: DynamicDecomposition Method Using a Conical Radiant Heater62.6 NFPA Standard:NFPA 262 Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel a

18、ndSmoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-HandlingSpaces72.7 OSHA Standard:OSHA 191.1450 Occupational Exposure to HazardousChemicals in Laboratories82.8 UL Standards:ANSI/UL 1581 Reference Standard for Electrical Wires,Cables, and Flexible Cords9ANSI/UL 1666 Standard Test for Flame Propagation Heig

19、htof Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables Installed Verticallyin Shafts9ANSI/UL 1685 Standard Vertical Tray Fire Propagation andSmoke Release Test for Electrical and Optical FiberCables93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with fire issue

20、s use Terminology E 176, ISO 13943and IEC 60695-4. Where differences exist in definitions, thosecontained in Terminology E 176 shall be used. Use Terminol-ogy D 1711 for definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with electrical insulation materials.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific

21、 to This Standard:3.2.1 cone calorimeter, nthe apparatus which is used inTest Method E 1354 to determine heat release rate, by theprinciple of oxygen consumption calorimetry, and other fire-test-response characteristics.3.2.2 effective heat of combustion, nthe ratio of themeasured heat release to th

22、e mass loss, under specified testconditions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe effective heat of combustion is afunction of the test conditions, including heating flux, exposuretime and test specimen geometry.3.2.3 heat release rate, nthe calorific energy released perunit time by the combustion of a material und

23、er specified testconditions.3.2.4 heating flux, nthe prescribed incident power per unitarea of test specimen, the power being imposed externally fromthe heater onto the test specimen at the initiation of the test.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe test specimen, once ignited, is alsoheated by its own flame.3.2.5

24、 ignitability, nthe measure of the ease with which aspecimen can be ignited due to the influence of an externalenergy source, under specified test conditions.3.2.6 net heat of combustion, nthe quantity of heat re-leased by the complete combustion of a unit mass of thematerial, the water produced bei

25、ng in the vapor state.3.2.7 orientation, nthe plane in which the exposed face ofthe test specimen is located during testing, which is horizontalfacing up for this test.3.2.8 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression ofthe relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the

26、heat released.3.2.9 smoke obscuration, nthe reduction in visibility dueto the smoke.3.2.10 specific extinction area, na measure of smokeobscuration potential per unit mass lost, determined as theproduct of the extinction coefficient and the volumetric massflow rate, divided by the mass loss rate.3.2

27、.11 sustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or overthe surface of the test specimen for periods of4sormore.3.2.11.1 DiscussionFlaming of less than 4 s duration isidentified as flashing or transitory flaming.3.2.12 total heat released, nintegrated value of the rate ofheat release, for a specified t

28、ime period.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 All fire-test-response characteristics in this test methodare determined using the apparatus and procedures described inTest Method E 1354.4.2 The oxygen consumption principle, used in this testmethod, is based on the observation that, generally, the net heato

29、f combustion is directly related to the amount of oxygenrequired for combustion (1).10Approximately 13.1 MJ of heatare released per 1 kg of oxygen consumed. Test specimens inthis test method are burned in ambient air conditions, whilebeing subjected to a prescribed external heating flux. (See alsoX5

30、.1).4.3 The heat release is determined by the measurement ofthe oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen con-centration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream,as described in Test Method E 1354.4.4 The primary measurements are oxygen concentrationand exhaust gas flow rate. Additio

31、nal measurements includethe time to sustained flaming, the smoke obscuration generated,the mass loss rate, and the effective heat of combustion.Ignitability is determined by measuring the time from initialexposure to time of sustained flaming of the test specimen.4.5 A cone calorimeter is used to me

32、asure the consumptionof oxygen during this test; heat release is then calculated, basedon the oxygen consumption principle. The test specimen ismounted horizontally and a spark ignition source is employed.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the heat releaserate and a num

33、ber of other fire-test-response characteristics as6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.7Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy,

34、 MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.8Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.9Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.10The boldface numbers giv

35、en in parentheses refer to a list of references at theend of this test method.D6113092a result of exposing insulating materials contained in electricalor optical cables to a prescribed heating flux in the conecalorimeter apparatus.5.2 Quantitative heat release measurements provide infor-mation that

36、is potentially useful for design of electrical oroptical cables, and product development.5.3 Heat release measurements provide useful informationfor product development by giving a quantitative measure ofspecific changes in fire performance caused by component andcomposite modifications. Heat releas

37、e data from this testmethod will not be predictive of product behavior if theproduct will not spread flame over its surface under the fireexposure conditions of interest.5.4 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by thistest method are affected by the thickness of the material usedas test

38、 specimen, whether as a plaque or as coating on a wireor cable. The diameter of the wire or cable used will also affectthe test results.5.5 A radiant exposure is used as an energy source for thistest method. This type of source has been used for comparisonwith heat release rate and flame spread stud

39、ies of insulatingmaterials constructed into cables when burning in a verticalcable tray configuration (Test Methods D 5424 and D 5537)(2-9). No definitive relationships have been established.5.6 The value of heat release rate corresponding to thecritical limit between propagating cable fires and non

40、-propagating fires is not known.5.7 This test method does not determine the net heat ofcombustion.5.8 It has not been demonstrated that this test method iscapable of predicting the response of electrical or optical fibercables in a full scale fire. In particular, this test method does notaddress the

41、 self-extinguishing characteristics of the cables in afull scale fire.6. Test Limitations6.1 If during the test of one or more of the three replicatetest specimens, any of the following unusual behavior occurs:molten material overflows the specimen holder trough; a testspecimen is displaced from the

42、 zone of controlled irradiance(explosive spalling); or the test specimen swells sufficientlyprior to ignition to touch the spark plug or swells up to theplane of the heater base during combustion; then test anadditional specimen of the identical preconditioned test speci-mens in the test mode in whi

43、ch the unusual behavior occurred.Do not incorporate data obtained from the tests noted above,yielding inadequate results, in the averaged data but report theoccurrence. This test method is not suitable if more than threeout of six test specimens tested show any of the abovecharacteristics.6.2 The ap

44、plicability of this test method to smolderingignition of cables has not been demonstrated. This test methodis not suitable for incident heat fluxes below 10 kW/m2.6.3 The validity of the results of this test method for aparticular scenario depends on the conditions under which thetests are conducted

45、. In particular, it has been established thatthe use of a different heating flux will change relative results.7. Safety Precautions7.1 The test procedures involve high temperatures andcombustion processes. Hazards therefore exist for burns, igni-tion of extraneous objects or clothing, and inhalation

46、 ofcombustion products. The operator must take appropriateprecautions during the insertion and removal of the testspecimens, for example, by using protective gloves. Do nottouch either the cone heater or the associated fixtures while hot,except with the use of appropriate protective gear.7.2 Vent th

47、e combustion products flowing through theexposure chamber through a properly designed exhaust system.An adequate method of venting the combustion productscaptured in the exposure chamber during the test is through anOSHA approved smoke hood11at the end of a test.7.3 Check the exhaust system for prop

48、er operation beforetesting and discharge into a building exhaust system withadequate capacity. Make provisions for collecting and ventingany combustion products that for whatever reason are notcollected by the exhaust system of the apparatus.8. Test Specimen8.1 Size and Preparation:8.1.1 The types o

49、f test specimens permitted are (a) materialsin the form of a flat plaque, or (b) electrical insulating materialscontained in electrical or optical cables. The test specimen shallbe 100 6 2by1006 2 mm (approximately 4 6 0.08 by 4 60.08 in.) in size, or as close to that as possible. Fill thespecimen holder as completely as possible with the cablepieces. Make the thickness of a material test specimen in a flatplaque the same as that of the end use of the material in cableconstruction. If the end use thickness is not known, or if the testis conducted f