ASTM D6113-2003 Standard Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimeter to Determine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber C.pdf

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1、Designation: D 6113 03An American National StandardStandard Test Method forUsing a Cone Calorimeter to Determine Fire-Test-ResponseCharacteristics of Insulating Materials Contained inElectrical or Optical Fiber Cables1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6113; the number immediately

2、 following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a

3、fire-test-response standard.1.2 Several fire-test-response characteristics, including thetime to sustained flaming, heat release rate, total heat released,effective heat of combustion, and specific extinction area; aremeasured or calculated by this test method at a constant radiantheating flux. For

4、specific limitations see also 5.7 and Section 6.1.3 The tests are conducted by burning the electrical insu-lating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cableswhen the cable test specimens, excluding accessories, aresubjected to radiant heat.1.4 This standard measures and describes the r

5、esponse ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be r

6、egarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det

7、ermine the applica-bility or regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing2D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation3D 5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscu

8、ration of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration4D 5485 Test Method for Determining the Corrosive Effectof Combustion Products Using the Cone Corrosimeter4D 5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread andMass Loss Te

9、sting of Insulating Materials Contained inElectrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in aVertical Cable Tray Configuration4E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards5E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method6E 906 Test Method for Heat and Visible

10、 Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products5E 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Material snd Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption Calorimeter5E 1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components orComposites Using a B

11、ench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter52.2 CSA Standard:CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, FT4, Vertical Flame Tests: Cables inCable Trays, Section 4.11.4 in C22.2 No. 0.3, TestMethods for Electrical Wires and Cables72.3 IEC Standards:IEC 695-4 Fire Hazard Testing. Part 4: Terminology Con-cerning Fire Tests8IEC 6

12、95-5-2 Fire Hazard Testing. Part 5: Guidance forAssessing Smoke Corrosivity from Burning of Electro-technical Products, Section 2: Test Methods82.4 IEEE Standard:IEEE 1202: Standard for Flame Testing of Cables for Use inCable Tray in Industrial and Commercial Occupancies,1This test method is under t

13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.21 on Fire Performance Standards.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 200

14、2 as D 6113 02.2Annual Book of Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of Standards, Vol 10.01.4Annual Book of Standards, Vol 10.02.5Annual Book of Standards, Vol 04.07.6Annual Book of Standards, Vol 14.02.7Available from Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Missis-sauga, Ontario, Canada, L4

15、W 5N6.8Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 Rue deVarembe, Geneva, Switzerland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.IEEE Standard 120292.5 ISO Standards:ISO 13943 Fire Safety: Vocabulary10ISO C

16、D 11907-4 Dynamic Method for Measuring SmokeCorrosivity Using a Radiant Conical Heater102.6 NFPA Standard:NFPA 262 Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel andSmoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-HandlingSpaces112.7 OSHA Standard:OSHA 191.1450 Occupational Exposure to HazardousChemicals in Labor

17、atories122.8 UL Standards:ANSI/UL 1581 Reference Standard for Electrical Wires,Cables, and Flexible Cords13UL 1666 Standard Test for Flame Propagation Height ofElectrical and Optical-Fiber Cables Installed Vertically inShafts13UL 1685 Standard Vertical Tray Fire Propagation andSmoke Release Test for

18、 Electrical and Optical FiberCables133. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with fire issues use Terminology E 176, ISO 13943and IEC 695-4. Where differences exist in definitions, thosecontained in Terminology E 176 shall be used. Use Term

19、inol-ogy D 1711 for definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with electrical insulation materials.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cone calorimeter, nthe apparatus which is used inTest Method E 1354 to determine heat release rate, by theprinciple of oxygen

20、consumption calorimetry, and other fire-test-response characteristics.3.2.2 effective heat of combustion, nthe ratio of themeasured heat release to the mass loss, under specified testconditions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe effective heat of combustion is afunction of the test conditions, including heating

21、flux, exposuretime and test specimen geometry.3.2.3 heat release rate, nthe calorific energy released perunit time by the combustion of a material under specified testconditions.3.2.4 heating flux, nthe prescribed incident power per unitarea of test specimen, the power being imposed externally fromt

22、he heater onto the test specimen at the initiation of the test.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe test specimen, once ignited, is alsoheated by its own flame.3.2.5 ignitability, nthe measure of the ease with which aspecimen can be ignited due to the influence of an externalenergy source, under specified test con

23、ditions.3.2.6 net heat of combustion, nthe quantity of heat re-leased by the complete combustion of a unit mass of thematerial, the water produced being in the vapor state.3.2.7 orientation, nthe plane in which the exposed face ofthe test specimen is located during testing, which is horizontalfacing

24、 up for this test.3.2.8 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression ofthe relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released.3.2.9 smoke obscuration, nthe reduction in visibility dueto the smoke.3.2.10 specific extinction area, na measure of smokeobscuration po

25、tential per unit mass lost, determined as theproduct of the extinction coefficient and the volumetric massflow rate, divided by the mass loss rate.3.2.11 sustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or overthe surface of the test specimen for periods of4sormore.3.2.11.1 DiscussionFlaming of less than 4

26、 s duration isidentified as flashing or transitory flaming.3.2.12 total heat released, nintegrated value of the rate ofheat release, for a specified time period.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 All fire-test-response characteristics in this test methodare determined using the apparatus and procedures de

27、scribed inTest Method E 1354.4.2 The oxygen consumption principle, used in this testmethod, is based on the observation that, generally, the net heatof combustion is directly related to the amount of oxygenrequired for combustion (1).14Approximately 13.1 MJ of heatare released per 1 kg of oxygen con

28、sumed. Test specimens inthis test method are burned in ambient air conditions, whilebeing subjected to a prescribed external heating flux. (See alsoX5.1).4.3 The heat release is determined by the measurement ofthe oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen con-centration and the flow rate in th

29、e combustion product stream,as described in Test Method E 1354.4.4 The primary measurements are oxygen concentrationand exhaust gas flow rate. Additional measurements includethe time to sustained flaming, the smoke obscuration generated,the mass loss rate, and the effective heat of combustion.Ignita

30、bility is determined by measuring the time from initialexposure to time of sustained flaming of the test specimen.4.5 A cone calorimeter is used to measure the consumptionof oxygen during this test; heat release is then calculated, basedon the oxygen consumption principle. The test specimen ismounte

31、d horizontally and a spark ignition source is employed.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the heat releaserate and a number of other fire-test-response characteristics as9Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Bo

32、x 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-133110Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.11Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.12Available from Occupation

33、al Safety and Health Administration, 200 Consti-tution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20210.13Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd, North-brook, IL, 60062.14The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at theend of this test method.D6113032a result

34、of exposing insulating materials contained in electricalor optical cables to a prescribed heating flux in the conecalorimeter apparatus.5.2 Quantitative heat release measurements provide infor-mation that is potentially useful for design of electrical oroptical cables, and product development.5.3 He

35、at release measurements provide useful informationfor product development by giving a quantitative measure ofspecific changes in fire performance caused by component andcomposite modifications. Heat release data from this testmethod will not be predictive of product behavior if theproduct will not s

36、pread flame over its surface under the fireexposure conditions of interest.5.4 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by thistest method are affected by the thickness of the material usedas test specimen, whether as a plaque or as coating on a wireor cable. The diameter of the wire or cab

37、le used will also affectthe test results.5.5 A radiant exposure is used as an energy source for thistest method. This type of source has been used for comparisonwith heat release rate and flame spread studies of insulatingmaterials constructed into cables when burning in a verticalcable tray configu

38、ration (Test Methods D 5424 and D 5537)(2-9). No definitive relationships have been established.5.6 The value of heat release rate corresponding to thecritical limit between propagating cable fires and non-propagating fires is not known.5.7 This test method does not determine the net heat ofcombusti

39、on.5.8 It has not been demonstrated that this test method iscapable of predicting the response of electrical or optical fibercables in a full scale fire. In particular, this test method does notaddress the self-extinguishing characteristics of the cables in afull scale fire.6. Test Limitations6.1 If

40、 during the test of one or more of the three replicatetest specimens, any of the following unusual behavior occurs:molten material overflows the specimen holder trough; a testspecimen is displaced from the zone of controlled irradiance(explosive spalling); or the test specimen swells sufficientlypri

41、or to ignition to touch the spark plug or swells up to theplane of the heater base during combustion; then test anadditional specimen of the identical preconditioned test speci-mens in the test mode in which the unusual behavior occurred.Do not incorporate data obtained from the tests noted above,yi

42、elding inadequate results, in the averaged data but report theoccurrence. This test method is not suitable if more than threeout of six test specimens tested show any of the abovecharacteristics.6.2 The applicability of this test method to smolderingignition of cables has not been demonstrated. This

43、 test methodis not suitable for incident heat fluxes below 10 kW/m2.6.3 The validity of the results of this test method for aparticular scenario depends on the conditions under which thetests are conducted. In particular, it has been established thatthe use of a different heating flux will change re

44、lative results.7. Safety Precautions7.1 The test procedures involve high temperatures andcombustion processes. Hazards therefore exist for burns, igni-tion of extraneous objects or clothing, and inhalation ofcombustion products. The operator must take appropriateprecautions during the insertion and

45、removal of the testspecimens, for example, by using protective gloves. Do nottouch either the cone heater or the associated fixtures while hot,except with the use of appropriate protective gear.7.2 Vent the combustion products flowing through theexposure chamber through a properly designed exhaust s

46、ystem.An adequate method of venting the combustion productscaptured in the exposure chamber during the test is through anOSHA approved smoke hood15at the end of a test.7.3 Check the exhaust system for proper operation beforetesting and discharge into a building exhaust system withadequate capacity.

47、Make provisions for collecting and ventingany combustion products that for whatever reason are notcollected by the exhaust system of the apparatus.8. Test Specimen8.1 Size and Preparation:8.1.1 The types of test specimens permitted are (a) materialsin the form of a flat plaque, or (b) electrical ins

48、ulating materialscontained in electrical or optical cables. The test specimen shallbe 100 6 2by1006 2 mm (approximately 4 6 0.08 by 4 60.08 in.) in size, or as close to that as possible. Fill thespecimen holder as completely as possible with the cablepieces. Make the thickness of a material test spe

49、cimen in a flatplaque the same as that of the end use of the material in cableconstruction. If the end use thickness is not known, or if the testis conducted for other purposes, use a thickness of 6.3 6 0.5mm (approximately 0.25 6 0.02 in.). Ensure that the overallcharacteristics of the test specimens are those of the wire orcable in its end use (wall thickness and overall diameter).NOTE 1Overall test specimen thicknesses of less than 2 mm (approxi-mately 0.08 in.) are not recommended, because potential testing errorsbecome larger.8.1.2 For test specimens of materials i