ASTM D5864-2017 1905 Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components《测定润滑油或其成分水中好氧生物降解的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D5864-2017 1905 Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components《测定润滑油或其成分水中好氧生物降解的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D5864-2017 1905 Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components《测定润滑油或其成分水中好氧生物降解的标准试验方法》.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D5864 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricantsor Their Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degreeof aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated
3、 lubri-cants or their components on exposure to an inoculum underlaboratory conditions.1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address thedifficulties associated with testing water insoluble materialsand complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.1.3 This test method is designed
4、to be applicable to alllubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the testconcentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stand
5、ard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards arediscussed in Section 10.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD4447 Guide
6、 for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals andSamplesD5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental Fate2.2 ISO Standard:34259:1992(E) Petroleum ProductsDetermination
7、and Ap-plication of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test2.3 APHA Standard:42540B Total Solids Dried at 103105C9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method thatare not described herein appear in the ASTM Online Dictiona
8、ryof Engineering Science and Technology5or Terminology E943.3.1.2 aerobic, adj(1 ) taking place in the presence ofoxygen, (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.3.1.3 biodegradation, nthe process of chemical break-down or transformation of a material caused by organisms ortheir enzymes.3.1.3
9、.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only one mechanismby which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.4 biomass, nbiological material including any mate-rial other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism orcomponent or product of a living organism.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn biology and en
10、vironmental science,biomass is typically expressed as density of biological materialper unit sample volume, area, or mass (g biomass/g(or/mLor / cm2) sample); when used for products derived fromorganisms biomass is typically expressed in terms of mass (kg,MT, etc.) or volume (L, m3, bbl, etc.).3.1.4
11、.2 DiscussionProducts of living organisms includethose materials produced directly by living organisms asmetabolites (for example, ethanol, various carbohydrates andfatty acids), materials manufactured by processing livingorganisms (for example: pellets manufactured by shreddingand pelletizing plant
12、 material) and materials produced by1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published F
13、ebruary 2017. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5864 11. DOI:10.1520/D5864-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t
14、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4From Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, latestedition. Available from the American Public H
15、ealth Association, 1015 18th St.,N.W., Washington, DC 20036.5ASTM Online Dictionary of Engineering Science and Technology(Stock#DEFONLINE) is available on theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standa
16、rdCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Int
17、ernational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1processing living organisms, their components or metabolites(for example, transesterified oil; also called biodiesel).3.1.5 blank, na flask containing the test medium
18、and theinoculum with no additional carbon source added.3.1.6 inoculum, nspores, bacteria, single celledorganisms, or other live materials, that are introduced into atest medium.3.1.7 lag phase, nthe period of physiological activity anddiminished cell division following the addition of microorgan-ism
19、s to a new culture medium.63.1.8 log phase, nthe period of growth of microorganismsduring which cells divide at a constant rate.63.1.9 mixed liquor, nthe contents of an aeration tankincluding the activated sludge mixed with primary effluent orthe raw wastewater and return sludge.3.1.10 pre-adaptatio
20、n, nthe pre-incubation of an inocu-lum in the presence of the test material under conditions similarto the test conditions.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThe aim of pre-adaptation is to im-prove the precision of the test method by decreasing variabilityin the rate of biodegradation produced by the inoculum.Pre-
21、adaptation may mimic the natural processes which causechanges in the microbial population of the inoculum leading tomore rapid biodegradation of the test material but not to achange in the final degree of biodegradation.3.1.11 supernatant, nthe liquid above settled solids.3.1.12 theoretical CO2,nthe
22、 amount of CO2which couldhypothetically be produced from the complete biologicaloxidation of all of the carbon in a substance.3.1.13 ultimate biodegradation, ndegradation achievedwhen the test substance is totally utilized by microorganismsresulting in the production of CO2, (and possibly methane in
23、the case of anaerobic biodegradation), water, inorganiccompounds, and new microbial cellular constituents (biomassor secretions, or both).3.1.14 ultimate biodegradation test, na test that estimatesthe extent to which the carbon in a product has been convertedto CO2or methane, either directly, by mea
24、suring the produc-tion of CO2or methane, or indirectly, by measuring theconsumption of O2.3.1.14.1 DiscussionThe measurement of new biomass isnot attempted.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Biodegradation of a lubricant or the component(s) of alubricant is measured by collecting and measuring the CO2prod
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