ASTM D5854-1996(2015) 3287 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products《混合和处理石油和石油产品液体样品的标准实践规程》.pdf

《ASTM D5854-1996(2015) 3287 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products《混合和处理石油和石油产品液体样品的标准实践规程》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ASTM D5854-1996(2015) 3287 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products《混合和处理石油和石油产品液体样品的标准实践规程》.pdf（19页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Designation: D5854 96 (Reapproved 2015)Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.3Standard Practice forMixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum andPetroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5854; the number immediately following the designatio

2、n indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the handling, m

3、ixing, and condi-tioning procedures that are required to ensure that a represen-tative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product isdelivered from the primary sample container/receiver into theanalytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers.1.2 Annex A2 covers acceptance test crit

4、eria for powermixer and sample container combinations, while Annex A3and Annex A4 detail acceptance tests for mixing systems.Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting sample containers.1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D4057 (APIMPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).Practice D5

5、842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) covers sampling andhandling of light fuels for volatility measurement.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health

6、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel S

7、ample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by CoulometricKarl Fischer TitrationD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility Measurement2.2 API Documents:3MPMS Chapter 8.1 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petro-leum and Petrole

8、um Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2 Practice for Automatic Sampling ofPetroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD4177)MPMS Chapter 8.4 Practice for Sampling and Handling ofFuels for Volatility Measurement (ASTM Practice D5842)MPMS Chapter 10.9 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils b

9、yCoulometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM Test MethodsD4928)Recommended Practice 2003, Protection Against IgnitionsArising Out of Static, Lighting, and Stray CurrentsPublication 2026, Safe Access/Egress Involving FloatingRoofs of Storage Tanks in Petroleum ServicePublication 2217, Guideline for Conf

10、ined Space Work in thePetroleum Industry2.3 Department of Transportation:4Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Section 1732.4 Occupational Safety and Health Standards:429 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart Z, “Toxic andHazardous Substances,” Part 1910.1000 and following3. Terminology3.1 Definiti

11、ons of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 intermediate containerthe vessel into which all orpart of the sample from a primary container/receiver istransferred for transport, storage, or ease of handling.3.1.2 petroleumdenotes petroleum crudes, as well as pe-troleum products, normally associated w

12、ith the petroleumindustry.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02.08 the jointASTM-API committee on Sampling (API MPMS Chap

13、ter 8.0).Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5854 96 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D5854-96R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or

14、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.4Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Pr

15、intingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 primary container/receiverthe vessel in which asample is initially collected.3.1.3.1 DiscussionExamples of primary sample contain-ers include gla

16、ss and plastic bottles, cans, and fixed andportable sample receivers.3.1.4 samplingall the steps required to obtain a samplethat is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or othervessel, and to place that sample in a container from which arepresentative test specimen can be taken for anal

17、ysis.3.1.5 test specimenthe representative sample taken fromthe primary or intermediate sample container for analysis.4. Significance and Use4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleumproducts are required for the determination of chemical andphysical properties used to establish standard

18、volumes, prices,and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.The treatment of samples from the time of collection until theyare analyzed requires care and effort to maintain their compo-sitional integrity.5. Safety and Health Precautions5.1 In view of the potential health and safety

19、hazardsassociated with the handling and mixing of petroleum samples,only qualified personnel should be involved.5.2 All sample handling and mixing equipment should beapproved by the parties involved. All equipment should beinstalled, operated, and maintained in a manner to minimizepotential health a

20、nd safety hazards.6. Sample Containers6.1 No single container type will meet requirements of allpetroleum sampling operations. The following are generaldesign and construction considerations for sample containers.6.2 Container Configuration:6.2.1 Containers should drain continuously toward the out-l

21、et to ensure complete liquid withdrawal.6.2.2 Cylindrical containers are better suited for samplesthat are to be tested for free water or sediment and water.6.2.3 Containers should not have internal pockets or deadspots.6.2.4 Internal surfaces of containers should minimizecorrosion, incrustation, wa

22、ter, and sediment clingage.6.2.5 Container configuration should allow for the transferof samples from one container to another or to the analyticalapparatus while maintaining the integrity of the samplescomposition.6.2.6 Containers should have an inspection cover/closure/cap of sufficient size to fa

23、cilitate filling, inspection, andcleaning. A means of installing security seals should beprovided.6.2.7 Containers should allow for the preparation of ahomogeneous mixture of the sample while preventing the lossof any constituents which affect the representativeness of thesample and the accuracy of

24、the analytical tests.6.2.8 Containers should be made so as to avoid contamina-tion from external water or other foreign material.6.2.9 Containers used with closed loop mixers may beequipped with a discharge line inside the container which hasmultiple outlet ports.Another method of achieving the effe

25、ct ofmultiple discharge ports is to split the discharge stream comingfrom the mixing pump into two or more separate streams witheach having its own inlet into the sample container.6.2.10 Containers used with closed loop mixers should beequipped with a pressure/vacuum relief valve set so as not toexc

26、eed the design pressure of the container. A pressure gageshould also be provided.6.2.11 Containers used with closed loop mixers may havemultiple suction ports. As a minimum there should be onesuction port at the lowest point in the container.6.3 Container Size:6.3.1 A general rule is that both prima

27、ry and intermediatecontainers should be large enough to hold the required samplesize within 80 % of the total capacity to facilitate mixing andto provide for thermal expansion.6.3.2 The size of primary containers is determined from thesampling operation as described in Practices D4057 (APIMPMS Chapt

28、er 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).6.3.3 The size of intermediate containers should be as largeas practical to minimize surface tension effects with dueconsideration given to storage space requirements, shippingrules and regulations, costs, availability, and other practicalconsiderations.6.4 C

29、ontainer Material:6.4.1 Sample containers are normally made of glass, metal,or plastic. Exercise care in the selection of container materialas it could affect the test results obtained from the sample.Containers acceptable for samples to be tested immediatelymay not be acceptable for storage of samp

30、le.6.4.2 Glass containers are suitable for many sample test andstorage requirements. Clear glass bottles may be examinedvisually for cleanliness and allow for visual inspection of thesample for free water or solid impurities. Some petroleumsamples are affected by exposure to sunlight if clear glass

31、isused. In these cases, brown glass bottles may afford thenecessary protection.6.4.3 Cans coated with tin must have seams that have beensoldered on the exterior surfaces with a flux of rosin cleaned ina suitable solvent. Such a flux is easily removed with gasoline,whereas many others are very diffic

32、ult to remove. Minutetraces of flux may contaminate the sample so that resultsobtained on tests such as dielectric strength, oxidationresistance, and sludge formation may be erroneous. Exercisecare also to ensure that samples containing free or entrainedwater are not corrosive to the metal. Internal

33、ly epoxy-lined tincans may have residual contamination and precaution shouldbe taken to ensure its removal.6.4.4 Cans made of stainless steel with welded seams aresuitable for many sampling operations. Other than ensuring thecleanliness, use of these containers presents no unusual con-cerns.D5854 96

34、 (2015)26.4.5 Plastic bottles must be of a material that is imperviousto attack from the sample. This is especially a considerationwhen using plastic for long term storage of certain petroleumproducts. Clear plastic bottles are unsuitable for samplessensitive to light.6.4.6 When sampling aviation fu

35、els, Practice D4306 shouldbe consulted for guidance on container selection. This practicegives information on the types of containers that have beenfound satisfactory for tests to determine water separation,copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal stability,lubricity, and trace metal conte

36、nt.6.4.7 Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting the material ofwhich sample containers may be made. It is impossible tocover all petroleum sampling container requirements;therefore, when questions arise as to a containers suitabilityfor a given application, experience and testing should be reliedupon.

37、6.5 Container Closures:6.5.1 For glass bottles, stoppers or screw caps made of amaterial that will not deteriorate or contaminate the samplemay be used. Care must be used when using cork stoppers.Situations where corks should not be used include liquidswhere loss of light ends may affect the tests r

38、esults and liquidswhich are hydroscopic or which have a low water contentspecification. Rubber stoppers should never be used.6.5.2 Cans and plastic bottles should be closed with screwcaps made of the same material as the container. Caps shouldprovide a vapor tight seal.6.5.3 Screw caps for cans used

39、 to store or transport samplesmust be protected by a disk faced with a material that will notdeteriorate or contaminate the sample. Consideration of closuretype is important for samples where vapor loss will affect thetest results.6.6 Federal Container Requirements In addition to therequirements lis

40、ted above, any sample container that containshazardous materials or the residue of hazardous materialoffered for shipment or transportation by air, public roadway,rail, or water, or any combination thereof, must meet therequirements set forth in applicable regulations such as DOTregulations in the C

41、ode of Federal Regulations, Title 49,Section 173.6.7 Container Cleanliness:6.7.1 Sample containers must be clean and free from allsubstances which might contaminate the material beingsampled (such as water, dirt, lint, washing compounds, naphthaand other solvents, soldering fluxes, acids, rust, and

42、oil). Priorto further use, reusable containers such as cans and bottlesshould be rinsed with a suitable solvent. Use of sludge solventsto remove all traces of sediments and sludge may be necessary.Following the solvent wash, the container should be washedwith a strong soap solution, rinsed thoroughl

43、y with tap water,and given a final rinse using distilled water. Dry the containereither by passing a current of clean warm air through thecontainer or by placing it in a hot dust-free cabinet at 40C(104F) or higher. When dry, stopper or cap the containerimmediately. Normally, it is not necessary to

44、wash newcontainers.6.7.2 Depending on service, receivers used in conjunctionwith automatic samplers may need to be washed with solventbetween uses. In most applications, it is not desirable orpractical to wash these receivers using soap and water asoutlined above for cans and bottles. The cleanlines

45、s andintegrity of all sample containers/receivers must be verifiedprior to use.6.7.3 When sampling aviation fuel, Practice D4306 shouldbe consulted for recommended cleaning procedures for con-tainers that are to be used in tests for determination of waterseparation, copper corrosion, electrical cond

46、uctivity, thermalstability, lubricity, and trace metal content.6.8 Labels:6.8.1 Each sample container is to have a label attached to itwhich meets the requirements of the parties involved.6.8.2 Fig. 1 is an example of a label which shows the typicalinformation needed to properly identify the sample.

47、 In additionto this basic information, certain governmental agencies suchas DOT and OSHA have additional labeling requirements withwhich personnel involved in the handling and shipping ofsamples must be familiar.6.9 Shipping EnclosuresMany sample containers requirespecial shipping enclosures before

48、they can be transportedfrom the point of collection. Regulations covering the transportof samples should be consulted (see the Code of FederalRegulations, Title 49, Section 173).6.10 Storage and Disposal:FIG. 1 Typical Sample LabelD5854 96 (2015)36.10.1 Except when being transferred, samples should

49、bemaintained in a closed container in order to prevent loss oflight components. Samples should be protected during storageto prevent weathering or degradation from light, heat, or otherpotential detrimental conditions.6.10.2 There are many governmental agencies and jurisdic-tions that have regulations governing the storage and disposalof petroleum samples and containers that can be classified ashazardous materials or hazardous wastes. Those who handlepetroleum samples must be familiar with these regulations inaddition to their own company policies and procedures.7. H