ASTM D5519-2014 Standard Test Methods for Particle Size Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Riprap Materials《天然和人工粗石材料粒径分析的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5519 07D5519 14Standard Test Methods forParticle Size Analysis of Natural and Man-Made RiprapMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the particle size and mass analysis of natural and man-made riprap and related material

3、s, includingfilter stone or coarse bedding materials.1.2 These test methods are generally intended for riprap and related materials. They are applicable for mixtures of stonesscreened from natural deposits, blast rock, processed materials from quarried rock, or recycled concrete. They are applicable

4、 forsizes 3 in. (75 mm) and above, with the upper size limited only by equipment available for handling and weighing the determiningthe mass of the individual particles.1.3 Four alternate procedures are provided. There is a wide range in the level of effort and the precision of the test procedures.I

5、t is important for specifiers to indicate the test procedure. Test reports should clearly indicate which procedure was used.NOTE 1While conducting these test methods, it may be convenient to collect data on other attributes, such as the amount of slab pieces and deleteriousmaterials.1.4 All observed

6、 and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.4.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shallbe rounded to th

7、e nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industrystandard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained.

8、 The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives;and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.It is beyon

9、d the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units valuesgiven in parentheses may be approximate.are mathematical conver

10、sions to SI units that are provided for information only and arenot considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices

11、 and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesD422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD653 Termin

12、ology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion ControlD5240 Test Method for Testing

13、Rock Slabs to Evaluate Soundness of Riprap by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for ErosionControl.Current edition approved July 1, 2007Nov.

14、1, 2014. Published August 2007November 2014. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20012007as D5519 94 (2001).D5519 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5519-07.10.1520/D5519-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.

15、org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becausei

16、t may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears a

17、t the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5312 Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing ConditionsD5313 Test Method for Evaluation of Durability o

18、f Rock for Erosion Control Under Wetting and Drying ConditionsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6825 Guide for Placement of Riprap RevetmentsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terminology used within the

19、se test methods is in accordance with Terminology D653 with the addition of the following:3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bedding (riprap)an aggregate mixture placed bel

20、ow the riprap. (See D6825 for further information.)3.2.2 slab piecespieces of riprap that exhibit dimensional ratios of the thickness to width or width to length, or both, in excessof a specified ratio. The specified ratios typically range from 1:4 to 1:3 or less.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The fol

21、lowing four test methods for evaluating particle size distribution are available: Methods A and B involve weightingthe material, determining the mass of the material. Methods C and D involve measuring the sizes. Generally, the precision ishighest for Method A, and consecutively lowest for Method D.

22、The advantages to using different methods depend on resources,sampling frequency and quantity, and to some extent the material size uniformity.4.1.1 Test Method AA sample of the material is obtained, the mass of each individual particle is weighteddetermined andrecorded. Test Method A is the most ri

23、gorous. It is most easily implemented for small sized rock that can be handled manually,or for very limited samples of large pieces.4.1.2 Test Method BAsample of the material is obtained, grouped into weight ranges, and each mass ranges. Each pile withina weight range is weighted.given range has its

24、 mass determined.4.1.3 Test Method CA sample of the material is obtained, the size of each particle is measured and grouped into size ranges,and the size ranges are converted to mass.4.1.4 Test Method DA sample of the material is partitioned within a revetment, particle sizes are measured and groupe

25、d intosize ranges, and the size ranges are converted to mass.5. Significance and Use5.1 Riprap is commonly used to prevent erosion of underlying materials due to the effects of rain runoff, wind, flowing water,or wave action. The particle size distribution (mass of particles) is an important physica

26、l characteristic of riprap, as discussed inGuide D6825. These test methods provide a gradation of the material graphically represented as percent finer than the particlemass. If a gradation can be established or accepted on the basis of only maximum and minimum particle sizes, then it may notbe nece

27、ssary to establish the complete gradation in accordance with these test methods.5.2 These test methods can be used during evaluation of a potential source, as a means of product acceptance, or for assessmentof existing installations. Method D is not recommended as a means of product acceptance.5.3 O

28、ther characteristics of interest, such as particle shape, particle angularity, or visually evident rock durability characteristicsmay be determined during the performance of these test methods.5.4 Interpretation of test results must consider the representativeness of the sample.NOTE 2The agency perf

29、orming these test methods can be evaluated in accordance with Practice quality D3740. Not withstanding statements onprecision and bias contained in these test methods: The precision of these test methods is dependent onof the result produced by this standard is dependentupon the competence of the pe

30、rsonnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of PracticeD3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing.testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of these test methods this standard arecautioned that complianc

31、e with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable testing.results. Reliable testing dependsresults depend on many factors;Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Scales, of adequate capacity to determine the mass of the sorted riprap pieces either i

32、ndividually or in whole. For TestMethodA(or calibrations for Test Methods B and C), the scale will be accurate to 1 % of the indicated mass. Calibrated or certifiedcommercial truck or quarry scales of adequate capacity are typically used. For individual particle measurements using Test MethodA, hois

33、t line load cells have been used successfully. For Test Method B, the scale will be accurate to 5% of the indicated mass.If bucket scales are used, they shall be subject to calibration and verification with a certified truck scale.6.2 Sieves or Templates, meeting the requirements of Specification E1

34、1 for sizes up to 5 in. (125 mm). For sizes above 5 in.,larger than 5 in. (125 mm), single-opening templates may be fabricated for the required sizes. Templates may be fabricated fromsteel bar or other sufficiently rigid materials in the sizes required. For templates openings from 5 in. to 16 in. (1

35、25 to 400 mm),D5519 142the openings willshall be within62 % of the size, for templates greater than 16 in., in. (400 mm), the openings willshall be within60.25 in. (6.35(6.3 mm). Sieves and templates should be checked on a regular basis to verify squareness, straightness, andconformance to opening t

36、olerances. Hand grips or handles should be considered for ease of use. For larger sizes, it has been founduseful to fabricate templates in the form of a C-shaped caliper representing the sieve opening and the diagonal of the sieve opening(see Fig. 1).6.3 Transport Vehicle, capable of conveying the i

37、ndividual or groups of the individual sorted riprap pieces from the samplingpoint to the test area, and from the test area to the weighing station. If truck scales are used, the transport vehicle should be taredprior to and after determination of the masses.6.3 Handling Equipment, such as forklifts,

38、 loaders, or like equipment forklifts and loaders for sampling, transporting, assistingin the sorting, loading for transport, weighing, and other tasks involved in the physical performance of the test.6.4 Tape Measures for determining particle size dimensions to estimate mass or determine slab piece

39、s.6.6 Test Area, sufficiently large to allow the placement of the test sample, areas or bins to place the sorted materials, andadequate to allow trucks, loaders, and other required equipment to operate safely. The test area should have a smooth surface,preferably of concrete, to provide a suitable w

40、ork surface and prevent loss of the fines.6.5 Proportional Calipers, fabricated in a sufficient size or sizes for use in determining if pieces meet or exceed dimensionalratios to be considered slab pieces (see Fig. 1).6.6 Miscellaneous Equipment, such as spray paints to mark pieces, rock hammers, ca

41、meras for photo photographic or videodocumentation, sample bags, tags or signs, data-recording forms, heavy work gloves, safety goggles or glasses, respirators or dustmasks, and steel-toed boots or caps, as required for the work.7. Hazards7.1 The test facility needs to be adequately large to allow t

42、rucks, loaders, and other required equipment to operate safely duringtest sample placement within areas or bins for sorting by size or mass.7.2 Performance of these test methods includes the moving, lifting, measurement, and transfer of large pieces of rock. Thispresents the potential for personnel

43、injury from crushing, dropped or rolling of the riprap pieces. Whenever possible, the sampleshould be spread to a single layer depth to reduce personnel hazard from rolling or falling pieces.7.3 Personnel performing these test methods will be in the vicinity of working heavy equipment and precaution

44、s should be takento prevent injury from equipment.7.4 Working with and around the pieces may subject personnel to dust, flying particles, falling pieces, and excessive noise.Personnel should be adequately equipped and trained in the use of personal protective equipment.8. Sampling8.1 The precision a

45、nd representativeness of these test methods is directly related to the sampling process. The sampling shouldbe carefully planned and executed to achieve optimum representativeness. All parties Relevant project stakeholders should beinvolved in the planning process. The sampling plan should be docume

46、nted and included as a part of the final report.FIG. 1 Single-Opening Sieve TemplateRiprap Measuring EquipmentD5519 1438.2 The mass of the total test specimen should be large enough to ensure a representative gradation and should be such that itprovides test results to the desired level of accuracy.

47、 One analogy is to consider a test specimen size of such size that the additionor loss of the largest expected piece will not change the results by more than a specified percentage.3NOTE 3Example: For a test specimen size to achieve a 1 % accuracy, assume that the largest individual piece mass is ex

48、pected to be 150 lb (68 kg).For this piece to represent less than 1 %, the sample mass would be 15 000-lb (6 800-kg) minimum. For this piece to represent less than 5 % accuracy,the sample size would be 3000-lb (1360-kg) minimum.8.3 Take an adequate amount of sample to ensure that the minimum test sp

49、ecimen mass is available, however sampling will notbe to a predetermined exact mass. Composite samples will be allowed only when included in the sample plan.8.4 Composite samples are not recommended, since it is more difficult to trace the sample source and the product that the samplerepresents. Composite samples may provide some efficiency for Test Method B; but composite samples provide little advantagein reducing field measurements for Test Methods A and C.8.5 Sampling from the source material will be in accordance with the sampling plan with the emphasis on obta