ASTM D5261-2010(2018) Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles.pdf

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1、Designation: D5261 10 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers and can be used as an index tothe determination of mass per unit area of all geotextiles.1.2 The va

3、lues stated in SI units or other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values stated in parenthe-ses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st

4、andard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision

5、 on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testi

6、ng Tex-tilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 9864:1990 GeotextilesDetermination of Mass perUnit Area3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, nair

7、maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and temperature of 21 62 C (70 6 4 F).3.1.2 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or othergeotechnical-engineering-related material as an integral part ofa manmade project, structure, or system.3.

8、1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile used withfoundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical-engineering-related material as an integral part of a manmadeproject, structure, or system.3.1.3.1 DiscussionCurrent textile manufacturing tech-niques produce: nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics,

9、and wovenfabrics.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles usedin this test method, refer to Terminology D4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The mass per unit area of a geotextile is determi

10、ned byweighing test specimens of known dimensions, cut fromvarious locations over the full width of the laboratory sample.The calculated values are then averaged to obtain the meanmass per unit area of the laboratory sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine if the geot

11、extilematerial meets specifications for mass per unit area. This testmethod can be used for quality control to determine specimenconformance. This measurement allows for a simple control ofthe delivered material by a comparison of the mass per unitarea of the delivered material and the specified mas

12、s per unitarea.5.2 The procedure in this test method may be used foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution isadvised since information about between-laboratory precisionis incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.2.1 areadvisable.5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from dif

13、ferences inreported test results when using the procedures in this testmethod for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current

14、 edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5261 10. DOI: 10.1520/D5261-10R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A

15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

16、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommenda

17、tions issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1purchaser and the manufacturer should conduct comparativetests to determine if there is a statistical bias between theirlaboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommendedfor the investigation of bias

18、. As a minimum, the two partiesshould take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneousas possible and which are from a lot of material of the type inquestion. The test specimen should then be randomly assignedin equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The averageresults from the two labo

19、ratories should be compared using theappropriate Students t-test and an acceptable probability levelchosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the manufacturer must agree to interpret futuretest results in li

20、ght of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, calibrated, capable of weighing to 5000 g, withan accuracy of 0.01 g.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleDivide the test specimens into lots, and forthe lot to be tested, take the lot sample in accordance withPractice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleConsider the units

21、in the lotsample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratorysample, take a full-width swatch of sufficient length along theselvage so that the requirements of 7.3 can be met.7.2.1 The laboratory sample should be free from imperfec-tions or other areas not representative of the material

22、 sampled.7.3 The number of test specimens shall be a minimum offive, cut such that they are representative of the entire rollwidth and with a combined total minimum area of100 000 mm2(155 in.2). Each test specimen shall be equal inarea (not less than 10 000 mm2(15.5 in.2), as described in ISO9864:19

23、90). Cut each test specimen with an accuracy of60.5 % of its area.NOTE 1For test specimens prepared in the field, larger than minimum-sized test specimens will be required to stay within the cutting accuracy(0.5 %). Field experience has shown that a test specimen with an area notless than 90 000 mm2

24、(139.5 in.2) will be necessary to achieve the requiredaccuracy.7.3.1 Cut the test specimens at least one-tenth the width ofthe geotextile from any selvage, unless otherwise specified.7.3.2 If the structure of the geotextile is such that thespecified test specimen size is not representative of thelab

25、oratory sample, a larger size shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium in theatmosphere for testing geotextiles. Equilibrium is considered tohave been reached when the increase in mass of the testspecimen in succes

26、sive weighings, made at intervals of not lessthan 2 h, does not exceed 60.1 % of the mass of the testspecimen. In general practice, the industry approaches equilib-rium from the “as-received” side.NOTE 2It is recognized that, in practice, geotextile materials fre-quently are not weighed to determine

27、 when moisture equilibrium has beenreached. While such a procedure cannot be accepted in cases of dispute,it may be sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standardatmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. A time of at least 24 h has b

28、een found acceptable inmost cases. However, certain fibers may exhibit slow moisture equilibra-tion rates from the “as-received” wet side. When this is known, apreconditioning cycle, in accordance with Practice D1776/D1776M, maybe agreed upon between the contractual parties.9. Procedure9.1 Test the

29、conditioned test specimens in the standardatmosphere for testing geotextiles.9.2 Weigh each of the conditioned specimens separately ona calibrated balance to the nearest 0.01 g.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the mass per unit area of each of thespecimens as follows:m 5 Ms 31 000000/A (1)where:m = mas

30、s per unit area rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/m2,Ms = mass of the specimen, g, andA = area of the specimen, mm2.10.2 Repeat this procedure for each test specimen.10.3 Calculate the average and standard deviation of themass per unit area results for the test specimens.11. Report11.1 Report the followi

31、ng information on mass per unit areaof geotextiles:11.1.1 Type of geotextile tested, sampling method used, thetest specimen size, shape, and the number of test specimenstested,11.1.2 The average mass per unit area and standard devia-tion to three significant figures, and11.1.3 A statement of any dep

32、artures from the suggestedtesting procedures so that the results can be evaluated and used.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is beingestablished.12.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valueof mass per unit area can only be defined in terms of a testmeth

33、od.13. Keywords13.1 geotextile; mass per unit area; weightD5261 10 (2018)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity

34、of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments

35、are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not r

36、eceived a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies

37、) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 10 (2018)3