ASTM D5088-2015a Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites《在废弃物场地上使用现场设备净化的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5088 15aStandard Practice forDecontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equip-ment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surfacewater, and gr

3、oundwater at waste sites which are to undergoboth physical and chemical analyses.1.2 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical(organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern. It is not intendedfor use at radiological, mixed (chemical and radiological), orbiohazard sites. This practice do

4、es not address regulatoryrequirements for the handling, labeling, shipping, or storing ofwastes or samples.1.3 Practices are included for the decontamination of equip-ment which comes into contact with the sample matrix (samplecontacting equipment) and for ancillary equipment that has notcontacted t

5、he portion of sample to be analyzed (non-samplecontacting equipment), but which must be cleaned to avoidspreading of contamination.1.4 This practice is intended for use when field equipmentused for sampling will be decontaminated in the field orreturned from the field. Information on the constructio

6、n of fielddecontamination facilities and non-sample contacting equip-ment decontamination is also provided.1.5 This practice is based on commonly recognized methodsby which equipment may be decontaminated. The practicesdescribed for sample contacting equipment are commonlyprescribed. Background stud

7、ies are included in the Referencesat the end of this standard (12345). The user is reminded of theimportance of proper decontamination planning to minimizethe amount of decontamination wastes generated and to reduceor eliminate the use of cleaning agents that are themselveshazardous. Quality Assuran

8、ce/Quality Control (QA/QC)samples that document decontamination effectiveness can beused to modify or enhance decontamination techniques. De-contamination at radiologically contaminated sites should referto Practice D5608.1.6 This practice is applicable to most conventional sam-pling equipment const

9、ructed of metallic and synthetic materi-als. The manufacturer of a specific sampling apparatus shouldbe contacted or the manufacturers manuals reviewed if there isconcern regarding the reactivity of a decontamination rinsingagent or the temperatures that could affect the equipment.Plastic components

10、 and gasket materials could be damaged bysome of the stronger reagents or high temperatures.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-tion or a series of opti

11、ons and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable inall circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended torepresent or replace th

12、e standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without consideration of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus

13、 process.1.9 This standard does not purport to address the safetyproblems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2

14、.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct

15、 responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5088 15. DOI:10.1520/D5088-15A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi

16、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr

17、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 For definitions of general technical terms used withinthis Practice refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions Specific to this Practice:3.2.1 equipment rinsate blanka sample collected by usinganalyte-free water rinsed over/throu

18、gh equipment that has beendecontaminated, and is analyzed for the parameters of interest.3.2.2 field cleaningthe process of cleaning dirty samplingequipment so it can be returned or moved to a final decontami-nation in a condition that will minimize the potential ofcontaminant transfer from a site.

19、At a minimum, this shouldconsist of washing with soap and water, and rinsing with tapwater.3.2.3 sample contacting equipmentequipment that comesin direct contact with the sample or portion of sample that willundergo chemical analyses or physical testing (for example, abailer used to sample a groundw

20、ater well, split-spoon sampler,soil gas sampling probe, tubing used to bring a groundwatersample to the surface, etc.).4. Summary of Practice4.1 When decontaminating equipment, the user will need toevaluate whether the equipment materials are plastics ormetals, the types of contaminants (inorganic v

21、s. organic) thatwill be analyzed for, whether the equipment contacts thesample, the type of exposure (for example, whether exposed tooils, grease, tars, soils, or simply water), and the data-qualityobjectives. These issues will help to determine the practices tobe used to decontaminate the equipment

22、. The decontaminationprocess should use the minimum effort and materials demon-strated to satisfy that the required decontamination has beenachieved. The use of hazardous materials should be used onlywhen additional rinses, heat, and other techniques have beenfound inadequate and the equipment canno

23、t be substituted withdisposable or dedicated equipment.4.2 Two different practices are presented for the decontami-nation of sample-contacting and non-sample contacting equip-ment. The practices have been developed based on a review ofresearch studies, current state and federal guidelines. Ingeneral

24、, sample contacting equipment should be washed with adetergent solution followed by a series of control water anddeionized water rinses. Non-sample contacting equipmentshould be washed with water or without a detergent solutiondepending on the type and degree of contaminants and rinsedwith control w

25、ater. Although such techniques may be difficultto perform in the field, they may be necessary to mostaccurately evaluate low concentrations of the chemical con-stituent(s) of interest. Additional enhancements to the decon-tamination process include the use of hot water or steam forcleaning and or ri

26、nsing the equipment, and in some cases theuse air drying or the use of heat near 100C for a period of time4.3 Prior to initiating a field program that will involveequipment decontamination, a site specific equipment decon-tamination protocol should be prepared for distribution to theindividuals invo

27、lved with the particular sampling program.Information to be presented in the protocol should include:4.3.1 Site location and description,4.3.2 Statement of the sampling program objectives anddesired precision and accuracy, that is, is sampling effort forgross qualitative evaluation or for trace conc

28、entration, param-eter specific evaluations,4.3.3 Summary of available information regarding soiltypes, hydrogeology and anticipated chemistry of the materialsto be sampled,4.3.4 Listing of equipment that will be used for samplingand the materials or equipment that will be needed fordecontamination,4

29、.3.5 An evaluation of the costs of the decontaminationprocess including disposal, personnel time, Personal ProtectiveEquipment (PPE) and other costs versus the use of lesshazardous materials, the use of dedicated equipment, or use ofdisposable equipment.4.3.6 Detailed step by step procedure for equi

30、pment decon-tamination for each piece or type of equipment to be utilizedand practices for rinse fluids containment and disposal asappropriate,4.3.7 Summary of QA/QC procedures and QA/QC samplesto be collected to document decontamination completenessincluding specific type of chemical analyses and t

31、heir associ-ated detection limit, and4.3.8 Outline of equipment decontamination verificationreport.5. Significance and Use5.1 An appropriately developed, executed and documentedequipment decontamination practice is an integral and essentialpart of waste site investigations. The benefits of its use i

32、nclude:5.1.1 Minimizing the spread of contaminants within a studyarea and from site to site,5.1.2 Reducing the potential for worker exposure by meansof contact with contaminated sampling equipment or hazardousmaterials,5.1.3 Improved data quality and reliability.5.1.4 Minimizing the amount of decont

33、amination fluids orwastes generated.5.1.5 Reducing personnel exposures to chemicals used in, orreleased by decontamination.5.1.6 Minimizing or eliminating the use of hazardous ma-terials in the decontamination process, and5.1.7 Selecting equipment based on total life-cycle costsincluding labor, wast

34、e containment, disposal, treatment andadditional analytical costs, such as using dedicated or dispos-able equipment rather than decontaminating between uses.5.2 This practice is not a substitute for a well-documentedQuality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program. Be-cause the ultimate test of a d

35、econtamination process is itsability to minimize erroneous data, a reasonable QA/QCprogram must be implemented.5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all waste sites.When a sampling effort is completed to determine only thegeneral range of chemical concentrations of interest, then lessrigorous d

36、econtamination processes can be adequate. Lessrigorous decontamination procedures may also be used whencleaning non-porous surfaces, such as metal surfaces as well.D5088 15a2Investigators should have the flexibility to modify the decon-tamination process with due consideration for the samplingobject

37、ive or if QA/QC documentation supports alternativedecontamination methods.5.4 At sites where the reactivity of sampling equipment todecontamination washes creates concern for the generation ofundesirable chemical by-products, or will potentially damagethe equipment surfaces, for example, the use of

38、an acid rinse onmetal equipment, then use of dedicated sampling equipmentshould be considered.5.5 This practice, where applicable, should be used before,between, and after the completion of sampling events.5.6 This practice is appropriate for use at sites wherechemical (organic and inorganic) contam

39、ination is known orexpected. The application of this practice to other types of sitesradiological, mixed (radiological and chemical), or biohazardcontaminated sites is not applicable. The application of thispractice to these types of sites should be undertaken with careand consideration, along with

40、QA/QC documentation thatsupports the effectiveness of these decontamination techniques.6. Reagents6.1 Detergent, non-phosphate detergent solution.36.2 Acid Rinse (inorganic desorbing agent), 10 % nitric orhydrochloric acid solution-made from reagent grade nitric orhydrochloric acid and deionized wat

41、er (1 % is to be applied tolow-carbon steel equipment). These materials are hazardousthemselves and use should be minimized or eliminated whenpossible.6.3 Solvent Rinse (organic desorbing agent), isopropanol,acetone, or methanol; pesticide grade. These materials arehazardous themselves and use shoul

42、d be minimized or elimi-nated when possible.6.4 Control Rinse Water, preferably from a water system ofknown chemical composition. In most cases, potable water issuitable for non-contacting equipment.6.5 Deionized Water, water that is organic-free and deion-ized. Tap water that has been treated by pa

43、ssing through astandard deionizing resin column. As a minimum, the finishedwater should contain no detectable heavy metals or otherinorganic compounds.6.6 The use of acids, bases, and organic solvents requiresthat personnel have the appropriate Safety Data Sheets, beproperly trained in their handlin

44、g, have the appropriate PPEincluding appropriate respiratory protection, and have appro-priate first-aid training and response equipment. The shippingand handling of these materials are regulated because of thehazardous nature of these materials. When these materials areused for decontamination, the

45、y can generate larger amounts ofhazardous wastes that must be collected, properlycontainerized, stored and labeled, shipped and/or disposed.7. Apparatus7.1 Pressure Washer (Cold Water) or Steam Cleaner (HotWater)Commercially available washers providing low vol-umes of water at high pressure. The hot

46、 water washers may beelectrically powered or fueled for remote operation. Mostpressure washers have the capability to inject detergents intothe system.NOTE 1The use of pressure washers should consider the safety andprotection of the personnel using them. Manufacturer operating literatureor manuals t

47、ypically contain safety precautions for the use of theequipment. Personnel may be exposed to backsplash, slippery surfaces orother hazards and should be appropriately protected. The use of hightemperature water or steam can also result in burns.7.2 Ovens or Other Heat SourcesFor some equipment,exten

48、ded drying (for example, 24 hours) at higher than roomtemperatures may be needed. Dependent on the equipment sizeand configuration standard laboratory draft ovens may be used.For field use, commercially available heated air handlers canbe used.NOTE 2The use of ovens or air handlers should exchange f

49、resh heatedair to the equipment and not provide air that contains carbon fuelcombustion or other contaminants that will contaminate the equipmentbeing dried. Venting of the heated air should not be into an area occupiedby personnel.7.3 Standpipes, buckets, tubs, portable light-weight sinks,commercially available containers of adequate size forsoaking, cleaning and rinsing equipment.7.4 Scrub brushes, metal brushes.7.5 Decontamination Pad/Materials CollectionImpermeable materials that can be placed on the ground tocapture decontamination fluids of a size appropriate to the