ASTM D5088-2015 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites《在废弃物场地上使用现场设备净化的标准实践规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5088 02 (Reapproved 2008)D5088 15Standard Practice forDecontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t

2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equipment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas,

3、 sludges, surface water,and groundwater at waste sites which are to undergo both physical and chemical analyses.1.2 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern. It is not intended foruse at radiological, mixed (chemical and radiological), or

4、biohazard sites. This practice does not address regulatory requirementsfor the handling, labeling, shipping, or storing of wastes or samples.1.3 ProceduresPractices are included for the decontamination of equipment which comes into contact with the sample matrix(sample contacting equipment) and for

5、ancillary equipment that has not contacted the portion of sample to be analyzed (non-samplecontacting equipment).equipment), but which must be cleaned to avoid spreading of contamination.1.4 This practice is intended for use when field equipment used for sampling will be decontaminated in the field

6、or returned fromthe field. Information on the construction of field decontamination facilities and non-sample contacting equipment decontaminationis also provided.1.5 This practice is based on commonly recognized methods by which equipment may be decontaminated. The procedure-spractices described fo

7、r sample contacting equipment are commonly prescribed, however there is a minimum of scientific data thatsupports these methods (Mickam et al. 1989prescribed. Background studies are included in the References at the end of thisstandard (1,23Parker45, 1995). Therefore the ). The user is reminded of t

8、he importance of QA/QC proper decontaminationplanning to minimize the amount of decontamination wastes generated and to reduce or eliminate the use of cleaning agents thatare themselves hazardous. QualityAssurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) samples that document decontamination effectiveness andthat th

9、ese samples can be used to modify or enhance decontamination techniques. Decontamination at radiologically contaminatedsites should refer to Practice D5608.1.6 This practice is applicable to most conventional sampling equipment constructed of metallic and synthetic materials. Themanufacturer of a sp

10、ecific sampling apparatus should be contacted or the manufacturers manuals reviewed if there is concernregarding the reactivity of a decontamination rinsing agent with the equipment.or the temperatures that could affect the equipment.Plastic components and gasket materials could be damaged by some o

11、f the stronger reagents or high temperatures.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This practice offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof

12、 action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgement.judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intendedto represent or replace the standard of care by which the ad

13、equacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this documentmeans only that the documentsdocument has been approved through the ASTM consensus processprocess.1.9 Th

14、is standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user ofthis standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.1 This practice is under the jurisdicti

15、on of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and VadoseZone Investigations.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008Jan. 15, 2015. Published October 2008February 2015. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 200

16、22008as D5088 02.D5088 02(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D5088-02R08.10.1520/D5088-15.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately

17、depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Interna

18、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites3. Termi

19、nology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general technical terms used within this Practice refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions:Definitions Specific to this Practice:3.2.1 contaminantequipment rinsate blankan undesirable substance not normally present or an unusually high concentrationof

20、a naturally occurring substance in water or soil.a sample collected by using analyte-free water rinsed over/through equipmentthat has been decontaminated, and is analyzed for the parameters of interest.3.1.2 control rinse waterwater used for equipment washing and rinsing having a known chemistry.3.2

21、.2 decontaminationfield cleaningthe process of removing or reducing to a known level undesirable physical or chemicalconstituents, or both, from a sampling apparatus to maximize the representativeness of physical or chemical analyses proposed fora given sample.cleaning dirty sampling equipment so it

22、 can be returned or moved to a final decontamination in a condition thatwill minimize the potential of contaminant transfer from a site.At a minimum, this should consist of washing with soap and water,and rinsing with tap water.3.1.4 non-sample contacting equipmentrelated equipment associated with t

23、he sampling effort, but that does not directlycontact the sample (for example, augers, drilling rods, excavations machinery).3.2.3 quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)potable waterthe efforts completed to evaluate the accuracy and precisionof a sampling or testing procedure, or both.water that

24、is safe and satisfactory for drinking and cooking.3.2.4 sample contacting equipmentequipment that comes in direct contact with the sample or portion of sample that willundergo chemical analyses or physical testing (for example, groundwater well bailer, a bailer used to sample a groundwater well,spli

25、t-spoon sampler, soil gas sampling probe).probe, tubing used to bring a groundwater sample to the surface, etc.).3.1.7 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, see Terminology D653.4. Summary of Practice4.1 When decontaminating equipment, the user will need to evaluate whether the equip

26、ment materials are plastics or metals,the types of contaminants (inorganic vs. organic) that will be analyzed for, whether the equipment contacts the sample, the typeof exposure (for example, whether exposed to oils, grease, tars, soils, or simply water), and the data-quality objectives.These issues

27、will help to determine the practices to be used to decontaminate the equipment. The decontamination process should use theminimum effort and materials demonstrated to satisfy that the required decontamination has been achieved. The use of hazardousmaterials should be used only when additional rinses

28、, heat, and other techniques have been found inadequate and the equipmentcannot be substituted with disposable or dedicated equipment.4.2 Two different procedurespractices are presented for the decontamination of sample-contacting and non-sample contactingequipment. The procedurespractices have been

29、 developed based on a review of research studies, current state and federalguidelines, as well as a summary of commonly employed procedures. guidelines. In general, sample contacting equipment shouldbe washed with a detergent solution followed by a series of control water, desorbing agents water and

30、 deionized water rinses.NonsampleNon-sample contacting equipment should be washed with water or without a detergent solution and depending on thetype and degree of contaminants and rinsed with control water. Although such techniques may be difficult to perform in the field,they may be necessary to m

31、ost accurately evaluate low concentrations of the chemical constituent(s) of interest. Additionalenhancements to the decontamination process include the use of hot water or steam for cleaning and or rinsing the equipment, andin some cases the use air drying or the use of heat near 100C for a period

32、of time4.3 Prior to initiating a field program that will involve equipment decontamination, a site specific equipment decontaminationprotocol should be prepared for distribution to the individuals involved with the particular sampling program. Information to bepresented in the protocol should includ

33、e:4.3.1 Site location and description,4.3.2 Statement of the sampling program objectiveobjectives and desired precision and accuracy, that is, is sampling effort forgross qualitative evaluation or for trace concentration, parameter specific evaluations,4.3.3 Summary of available information regardin

34、g soil types, hydrogeology and anticipated chemistry of the materials to besampled,2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag

35、e on the ASTM website.D5088 1524.3.4 Listing of equipment to that will be used for sampling and materials the materials or equipment that will be needed fordecontamination,4.3.5 An evaluation of the costs of the decontamination process including disposal, personnel time, Personal ProtectiveEquipment

36、 (PPE) and other costs versus the use of less hazardous materials, the use of dedicated equipment, or use of disposableequipment.4.3.6 Detailed step by step procedure for equipment decontamination for each piece or type of equipment to be utilized andprocedurespractices for rinse fluids containment

37、and disposal as appropriate,4.3.7 Summary of QA/QC procedures and QA/QC samples to be collected to document decontamination completenessincluding specific type of chemical analyses and their associated detection limit, and4.3.8 Outline of equipment decontamination verification report.5. Significance

38、 and Use5.1 An appropriately developed, executed and documented equipment decontamination procedurepractice is an integral andessential part of waste site investigations. The benefits of its use include:5.1.1 Minimizing the spread of contaminants within a study area and from site to site,5.1.2 Reduc

39、ing the potential for worker exposure by means of contact with contaminated sampling equipment, andequipmentor hazardous materials,5.1.3 Improved data quality and reliability.5.1.4 Minimizing the amount of decontamination fluids or wastes generated.5.1.5 Reducing personnel exposures to chemicals use

40、d in, or released by decontamination.5.1.6 Minimizing or eliminating the use of hazardous materials in the decontamination process, and5.1.7 Selecting equipment based on total life-cycle costs including labor, waste containment, disposal, treatment and additionalanalytical costs, such as using dedic

41、ated or disposable equipment rather than decontaminating between uses.5.2 This practice is not a substitute for a well-documented Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program. Because theultimate test of a decontamination procedureprocess is its ability to minimize erroneous data, a reasonable

42、QA/QC program mustbe implemented.5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all waste sites. When a sampling effort is completed to determine only the generalrange of chemical concentrations of interest interest, then less rigorous decontamination proceduresprocesses can be adequate. Lessrigorous de

43、contamination procedures may also be used when cleaning non-porous surfaces, such as metal surfaces as well.Investigators should have the flexibility to modify the decontamination proceduresprocess with due consideration for the samplingobjective or if QA/QC documentation supports alternative decont

44、amination methods.5.4 At sites where the reactivity of sampling equipment to decontamination washes creates concern for the generation ofundesirable chemical by-products, the use of or will potentially damage the equipment surfaces, for example, the use of an acidrinse on metal equipment, then use o

45、f dedicated sampling equipment should be considered.5.5 This practice, where applicable, should be used before, between, and after the completion of sampling events.5.6 This practice is appropriate for use at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) contamination is known or expected. Theapplica

46、tion of this practice to other types of sites radiological, mixed (radiological and chemical), or biohazard contaminated sitesmayis not be applicable. The application of this practice to these types of sites should be undertaken with care and consideration,along with QA/QC documentation that support

47、s the effectiveness of these decontamination techniques.6. Reagents6.1 Detergent, non-phosphate detergent solution.36.2 Acid Rinse (inorganic desorbing agent), 10 % nitric or hydrochloric acid solution-made from reagent grade nitric orhydrochloric acid and deionized water (1 % is to be applied to lo

48、w-carbon steel equipment). These materials are hazardousthemselves and use should be minimized or eliminated when possible.6.3 Solvent Rinse (organic desorbing agent), isopropanol, acetone, or methanol; pesticide grade. These materials are hazardousthemselves and use should be minimized or eliminate

49、d when possible.6.4 Control Rinse Water, preferably from a water system of known chemical composition. In most cases, potable water issuitable for non-contacting equipment.6.5 Deionized Water, organic-free reagent grade.water that is organic-free and deionized. Tap water that has been treated bypassing through a standard deionizing resin column. As a minimum, the finished water should contain no detectable heavy metalsor other inorganic compounds.3 Liquinox or Detergent 8 or similar solution has been found suitable for this purpose. Detergent 8 is recommended for spr