ASTM D5013-1989(2003) Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges《管道和其他地点排放的废弃物的取样》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 5013 89 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practices forSampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Those practices provide guidance for obtaining samplesof waste at discharge points from pipes, sluiceways, condu

3、its,and conveyor belts. The following are included:SectionsPractice ALiquid or Slurry DischargesPractice BSolid or Semisolid Discharges7 through 910 through 121.2 These practices are intended for situations in whichthere are no other applicable ASTM sampling methods (seePractices D 140 and D 75) for

4、 the specific industry.1.3 These practices do not address flow and time-proportional samplers and other automatic sampling devices.1.4 Samples are taken from a flowing waste stream ormoving waste mass and, therefore, are descriptive only withina certain period. The length of the period for which a s

5、ample isdescriptive will depend on the sampling frequency and com-positing scheme.1.5 It is recommended that these practices be used inconjunction with Guide D 4687.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th

6、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 5 formore information.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 140 Practice for Sampling Bitumino

7、us MaterialsD 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingE 882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in theChemical Analysis Laboratory2.2 Other Document:EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Physical/Chemical Methods33. Summary of Practices3.1 The variability of the waste

8、stream is first determinedbased on (1) knowledge of the processes producing the stream,or (2) the results of a preliminary investigation of the wastestreams variability. A sampling design is then developed thatconsiders the waste streams variability, the time frame thesample is to represent, and the

9、 precision and accuracy requiredfor waste analysis or testing. The actual sampling procedureconsists of obtaining several grab samples from the movingstream or mass for analysis or testing.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedure outlined in these practices are guides forobtaining descriptive sample

10、s of solid, semisolid and liquidwaste from flowing streams, and incorporate many of the sameprocedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Docu-ments. These practices by themselves will not necessarilyresult in the collection of samples representative of the totalwaste mass. The degree to which

11、samples describe a wastemass must be estimated by application of appropriate statisticalmethods and measures of quality assurance. It is recommendedthat those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.5. Hazards5.1 In all sampling practices, safety should be the firstconsideration. Personne

12、l involved in the sampling should befully aware of, and take precautions against, the presence oftoxic or corrosive gases, the potential for contact with toxic orcorrosive liquids or solids, and the dangers of moving belts,conveyors, or other mechanical equipment. Guidance on wastesampling safety ca

13、n be found in Guide D 4687.6. Sampling Design6.1 The frequency of sampling and the number of compos-ites required to obtain a sample of the waste will depend on thefollowing:6.1.1 Time variability of the waste composition,1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteMana

14、gement and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 onMonitoring.Current edition approved Nov. 24, 1989. Published January 1990.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo

15、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.2

16、 Time span which the sample is to represent, and6.1.3 Precision of waste analysis that is required, for ex-ample, if a hazardous constituent is present in the waste atlevels near the regulatory limit or another limit of concern, thenbetter precision will be required than if the levels are wellbelow

17、or well above the limits of concern.6.2 The processes that produce the waste will largely dictatethe variability in the composition of the waste. If the processesare known to be constant and reliable, then fewer samplesshould be required than from a highly variable process.6.3 To obtain a descriptiv

18、e sample of the waste, the concen-tration levels and approximate variation in the waste compo-sition should first be estimated. In some cases, a rough estimatecan be made based on knowledge of the processes that producethe waste. In other cases, results from previous sampling effortscan be used to e

19、stimate waste composition and variability. Apreliminary pilot sampling effort may be necessary to establishthe waste composition prior to designing the primary samplingprogram. Procedures for estimating sample variability and forestablishing a sampling design are provided in Guide D 4687.6.4 The sam

20、pling design should include quality assuranceprocedures. At the least, this should include the following:6.4.1 Sample handling quality control by carrying a blanksample through all of the sampling and analytical steps, and6.4.2 User should be aware of the laboratories internalquality control procedu

21、res. More rigorous quality control/quality assurance procedures may be required depending on theparticular goals of the sampling program. For further informa-tion on quality control/quality assurance, see Guide E 882 andEPA SW-846.6.5 A sampling plan should be prepared prior to sampling.The plan sho

22、uld describe such things as (a) safety procedures;( b) sampling design, including number and location ofsamples; (c) quality assurance procedures; (d) apparatus; (e)sampling procedures; and ( f) sampling labeling. The details ofthe sampling procedure should consider all aspects of thespecific discha

23、rge, including pipe diameter, velocity, rate ofdischarge, solids content of the discharge, requirements forgrab or composite samples, and ultimate use of the analyticaldata.PRACTICE ALIQUID OR SLURRY DISCHARGES7. Apparatus7.1 Dipper Sampler For slurry and liquid discharges, adipper type sampler shou

24、ld be employed. One example of thistype of sampler is depicted in Fig. 1. The dipper can be variedin size depending on the flow rate from the pipe or sluiceway.This procedure should not be used for high stream flowvelocities or rates (100 gal/min) because problems will arisein physically holding the

25、 dipper in the stream. Stream dimen-sions, size and shape of pipe, should also be considered inaddition to flow rate. The sample should be taken across thefull opening of the stream in as short a time as possible. Thiswill minimize the effect of changes in composition of the wastestream due to densi

26、ty differentiation, laminar flow, and the like.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the beaker and container for compositing sampleby methods appropriate for the analysis to be performed.Cleaning the equipment is especially important to prevent crosscontamination between different waste types. In some cases, itmay

27、 be necessary or simpler to dedicate equipment to a specificwaste type.8.2 Assemble the sampler by clamping the beaker to thepole.8.3 Make sure that the sampler matches the dimensions ofthe discharge stream if at all possible. If not, pass the dipper inone sweeping motion through the discharge strea

28、m at a ratesuch that the dipper is filled in one pass. Make enough passesto cover the entire cross sectional area of the discharge stream.8.4 If the entire discharge width cannot be covered in onepass additional passes will be needed. Begin each additionalpass at the ending point of the previous pas

29、s. It may benecessary to make a few trial passes or practice runs beforeactually sampling the discharge. If compositing of samples isrequired by the sampling plan it may be preferable andsometimes necessary to have compositing performed in thelaboratory. Include specific procedures for compositing i

30、n thesampling plan. If samples have not been appropriately com-posited in the field, clearly indicate this information on thesample label, in the field log book, and on the analytical requestform.8.5 In cases of high flow (100 gal/min), a probe may beinserted upstream of the discharge to obtain a sa

31、mple. Designthe probe to collect a representative cross section of the flowingstream. See Fig. 2 for an example sampling probe.8.6 Use preservation techniques appropriate for the analysesor testing to be conducted.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 An indelible label should be secured to the contai

32、neridentifying the sample. The label should contain or referencethe following information:9.1.1 Name and location of site,9.1.2 Date and time of sampling,9.1.3 Location of sampling,9.1.4 Sample number,FIG. 1 Dipper Sampler (Source: Test Methods for EvaluatingSolid Wastes, U.S. EPA, S2846, July 1982)

33、D 5013 89 (2003)29.1.5 Description and disposition of sample,9.1.6 Name of sampling personnel,9.1.7 Type of preservative, and9.1.8 Sampling conditions, and analytical requirements.9.2 Pack the sample container securely in a shipping con-tainer. If required for preservation of analytes, the samplecon

34、tainer should be packed in ice and cooled to 4C. Aminimum-maximum thermometer should be packed with thesamples.9.3 Follow DOT (Department of Transportation) shippingregulations.9.4 Make arrangements for handling, logging in, adequatestorage and analysis of the sample at its destination. Ifwarranted,

35、 follow chain-of-custody protocol.PRACTICE BSOLID OR SEMISOLID DISCHARGES10. Apparatus10.1 Scoop or Shovel SamplerFor solid or semisoliddischarges from belts, a scoop or shovel should be used, madeof material compatible with the waste stream and inert to theanalytes. Where routine sampling is to be

36、performed, a scoopmay be designed to match the width and contour of the belt. Inthis way, a single time increment sample may be taken in onescoop.11. Procedure11.1 Clean the scoop or shovel as appropriate for the desiredchemical analysis to prevent cross contamination. In somecases, it may be necess

37、ary to dedicate equipment to specificwaste types or waste strata.11.2 Sample at a convenient point along the belt.11.3 Sample the waste with the scoop or shovel making sureto sample across the entire width of the belt. Be sure all finesand any liquid are also included representatively in the scooped

38、sample.11.4 Repeat sampling depending on the uniformity of thewaste. Composite the grab samples and transfer a well-mixedportion to a chemically compatible container and seal. It maybe preferable or necessary to have compositing performed inthe laboratory. Include specific procedures for compositing

39、 inthe sampling plan.11.5 If compositing has not been appropriately accom-plished prior to shipment, clearly indicate on the sample label,in the field log book, and on the analytical request form.12. Sampling Labeling and Shipping12.1 Refer to Section 9.ASTM International takes no position respectin

40、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa

41、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa

42、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Th

43、is standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 2 InPipe Sampling ProbeD 5013 89 (2003)3