ASTM D4971-2016 Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Using Diametrically Loaded 76-mm (3-in ) Borehole Jack《用径向加载76 mm(3-in)钻孔顶出装置测量岩石变型模量的标准.pdf
《ASTM D4971-2016 Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Using Diametrically Loaded 76-mm (3-in ) Borehole Jack《用径向加载76 mm(3-in)钻孔顶出装置测量岩石变型模量的标准.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4971-2016 Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Using Diametrically Loaded 76-mm (3-in ) Borehole Jack《用径向加载76 mm(3-in)钻孔顶出装置测量岩石变型模量的标准.pdf(10页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D4971 08D4971 16Standard Test Method forDetermining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock UsingDiametrically Loaded 76-mm (3-in.) Borehole Jack1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4971; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the estimation of in situ modulus of a rock mas
3、s at various depths and orientations. Informationon time-dependent deformation may also be obtained.1.2 This test method covers testing in an N size drill hole and is more relevant to a borehole jack device designed for “hard rock”than for soft rock.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall confo
4、rm to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to theaccuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one ap
5、plies the results obtained using this standardis beyond its scope.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This stan
6、dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
7、M Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6032 Test
8、 Method for Determining Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of Rock Core3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology D653 for general definitions.3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 defor
9、mationdeformation, nchange in shape or size, (see Terminology D653). In this test method deformation is thechange in the diameter of the borehole.3.2.2 modulus of deformationdeformation, nratio of stress to strain for a material under given loading conditions;numerically equal to the slope of the ta
10、ngent or the secant of the stress-strain curve. The use of the term modulus of elasticity isrecommended for materials that deform in accordance with Hookes law, and the term modulus of deformation is recommendedfor materials that deform otherwise, (see Terminology D653). In this test method, the mod
11、ulus of deformation is calculated fromthe applied fluid pressure, the relative change in hole diameter, a function of Poissons ratio, and a constant.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mec
12、hanics.Current edition approved July 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2016. Published July 2008January 2017. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 asD4971 02D4971 08. (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D4971-08.10.1520/D4971-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, o
13、r contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes ha
14、ve been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official do
15、cument.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2.1 DiscussionThe use of the term modulus of elasticity is recommended for materials that deform in accordance
16、 with Hookes law, and the termmodulus of deformation is recommended for materials that deform otherwise, (see Terminology D653). In this test method, themodulus of deformation is calculated from the applied fluid pressure, the relative change in hole diameter, a function of Poissonsratio, and a cons
17、tant.3.2.3 jack effciencyeffciency, nratio of the jack plate pressure to the applied hydraulic pressure.3.2.4 hard rock borehole jack, nthis refers to a specific borehole jack by the manufacture that has platens designed for harderrocks, goes to higher pressures than a soft rock borehole jack and wh
18、ose displacement range is not exceeded at the maximumallowable pressure for the borehole jack.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The drill logs for a drill hole hole to be tested are examined. Specific depths and orientations in the drill hole are selectedbased upon the objectives of the test program.4.2
19、The 76 mm (3.0borehole jack in the fully retracted position is positioned at each location selected in the drill hole for thetest program. The 76 mm (3 in.) jacks, (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), induce undirectionalunidirectional pressure to the walls of a boreholeby means of two opposed curved steel plat
20、ens each covering a 90 sector, over a length of 20.3 cm (8 in.).20 cm (8 in.) and pressureFIG. 1 The 76-mm (3-in.) Borehole JackJack: Assemble (a) and Disassembled (b)D4971 162versus deformation data is collected. Testing is usually done from the deepest test zone in the drill hole and then tested a
21、tsubsequent shallower test intervals to minimize risks to the borehole jack.4.3 Raw data from a test consist of hydraulic-line pressure, Qh, versus readout from linear variable differential transformers(LVDTs) measuring platen movement. Knowing the displacement calibration of the LVDTs, the raw data
22、 can be transformed toa test record of hydraulic pressure versus hole diameter, D. For each increment of pressure, Qh, and hole deformation, D,theoretical data analysis (1),3 assuming rigid jack plates and full 90 contact, give the theoretical rock mass modulus, E (Etheoretical)as a function E = f (
23、 QhD T*), where T* is a coefficient dependent upon Poissons ratio. If E is measured on a linear segmentof the loading curve, common terminology is modulus of deformation. If E is measured on an unloading linear segment, it isreferred to as the recovery modulus.5. Significance and Use5.1 Results of t
24、his test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or fromunderground construction. construction for the load range that the device can apply. It is one of several tests that should beperformed.5.2 Because the jack can apply directed loads, this test meth
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