ASTM D4924-1989(2017) Standard Classification for Petroleum Waxes for Use in Rubber Compounding《橡胶配合用石油蜡的标准分类》.pdf
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1、Designation: D4924 89 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Classification forPetroleum Waxes for Use in Rubber Compounding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification is intended to establish a classifica-tion system and test methods for petroleum waxes used inrubb
3、er compounding primarily as a static protective agent ormaterial for unsaturated rubbers such as styrene-butadienerubber, polyisoprene rubber, natural rubber, chloroprenerubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and polybutadiene rub-ber. These unsaturated rubbers are subject to ozone cracking.Under c
4、ertain exposure conditions, waxes retard this cracking.1.2 This classification is applicable to petroleum waxes usedas process aids in rubber compounding. It is not applicable tononpetroleum waxes such as carnuba wax, candelille wax, orceresin wax, nor to synthetic hydrocarbon waxes such aspolyethyl
5、ene wax. These non-petroleum waxes display a dif-ferent behavior on gas chromatographic analysis than dopetroleum waxes.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pr
6、iate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D87 Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax(Cooling Curve)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculat
7、ion of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D721 Test Method for Oil Content of Petroleum WaxesD938 Test Method for Congealing Point of PetroleumWaxes, Including PetrolatumD1321 Test Method for Needle Penetration of PetroleumWaxesD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1747 Test Metho
8、d for Refractive Index of Viscous Mate-rialsD1833 Test Method for Odor of Petroleum WaxD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3944 Test Method for Solidification Point of PetroleumWaxD4419 Test Method for Measurement of Transition Tem-peratures
9、 of Petroleum Waxes by Differential ScanningCalorimetry (DSC)2.2 ASTM Committee Proposal:D02 Proposal P167 Test Method for Boiling Range Distri-bution of Crude Petroleum3NOTE 1A procedure using similar gas chromatographic methodologybut designed specifically for waxes is currently being developed by
10、ASTMCommittee D02.04.C.3. Summary of Classification3.1 The boiling point range of the petroleum wax is deter-mined by simulated distillation by gas chromatography (TestMethod D2887). If necessary, an internal standard is used todetermine the amount of material not volatile under theconditions of the
11、 chromatograph.3.2 Classification is made on the basis of the amount of thesample with normal boiling point above 538C (1000F).3.3 Further characterization is then done using other testmethods on the wax. In particular, the melting point behavior,color, odor, and viscosity when melted and refractive
12、 indexwhen melted have been found useful.4. Significance and Use4.1 Petroleum waxes in rubber compounds are commonlyused to provide protection from degradation by ozone understatic conditions, that is, when there is little or no flexing of therubber products. The mode of action for this protection i
13、s (1)migration of the wax through the rubber to the surface of theproduct and (2) the formation of an ozone impervious film onthe surface.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD11.20 on
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