ASTM D4924-1989(2005) Standard Classification for Petroleum Waxes for Use in Rubber Compounding《橡胶掺合物用石蜡的分类》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4924 89 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Classification forPetroleum Waxes for Use in Rubber Compounding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification is intended to establish a classifica-tion system and test methods for petroleum waxes used inr
3、ubber compounding primarily as a static protective agent ormaterial for unsaturated rubbers such as styrene-butadienerubber, polyisoprene rubber, natural rubber, chloroprene rub-ber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and polybutadiene rubber.These unsaturated rubbers are subject to ozone cracking. Und
4、ercertain exposure conditions, waxes retard this cracking.1.2 This classification is applicable to petroleum waxes usedas process aids in rubber compounding. It is not applicable tononpetroleum waxes such as carnuba wax, candelille wax, orceresin wax, nor to synthetic hydrocarbon waxes such aspolyet
5、hylene wax. These non-petroleum waxes display a dif-ferent behavior on gas chromatographic analysis than dopetroleum waxes.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro
6、-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D87 Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax(Cooling Curve)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the
7、Calculation of DynamicViscosity)D 721 Test Method for Oil Content of Petroleum WaxesD 938 Test Method for Congealing Point of PetroleumWaxes, Including PetrolatumD 1321 Test Method for Needle Penetration of PetroleumWaxesD 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 17
8、47 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Mate-rialsD 1833 Test Method for Odor of Petroleum WaxD 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD 3944 Test Method for Solidification Point of PetroleumWaxD 4419 Test Method for Measurement of Transitio
9、n Tem-peratures of Petroleum Waxes by Differential ScanningCalorimetry (DSC)2.2 ASTM Committee Proposal:D02 Proposal P167 Test Method for Boiling Range Distri-bution of Crude Petroleum3NOTE 1A procedure using similar gas chromatographic methodologybut designed specifically for waxes is currently bei
10、ng developed byASTMCommittee D02.04.C.3. Summary of Classification3.1 The boiling point range of the petroleum wax is deter-mined by simulated distillation by gas chromatography (TestMethod D 2887). If necessary, an internal standard is used todetermine the amount of material not volatile under thec
11、onditions of the chromatograph.3.2 Classification is made on the basis of the amount of thesample with normal boiling point above 538C (1000F).3.3 Further characterization is then done using other testmethods on the wax. In particular, the melting point behavior,color, odor, and viscosity when melte
12、d and refractive indexwhen melted have been found useful.4. Significance and Use4.1 Petroleum waxes in rubber compounds are commonlyused to provide protection from degradation by ozone understatic conditions, that is, when there is little or no flexing of therubber products. The mode of action for t
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