ASTM D4870-2009 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels《残留燃料中总沉淀物的测定用标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4870 09Designation: 375/99An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of totalsediment up to 0.40 % m/m for dist
3、illate fuel oils containingresidual components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oilshaving a maximum viscosity of 55 cSt (mm2/s) at 100C. Somefuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in thistest method due to factors other than the presence of significantquantities of insoluble organ
4、ic or inorganic material. This testmethod can be used for the assessment of total sediment afterregimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the agingprocess.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This st
5、andard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning state
6、ments, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.6.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1
7、Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 total sedimentthe sum of the insoluble organic andinorganic material that is separated from the bulk of theresidual fuel oil by filtration through a Whatman GF/A filtermedium, and that is also insoluble in a predominantly paraf-finic solvent.4. Su
8、mmary of Test Method4.1 A weighed quantity (10 g) of the oil sample is filteredthrough the prescribed apparatus at 100C. After solventwashing and drying the total sediment on the filter medium isweighed. The test is to be carried out in duplicate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Appreciable amounts of sed
9、iment in a residual fuel oilcan cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problemsin burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storagetanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting inobstruction of the flow of oil from the tank to the burner.6. Apparatus6.1 Filtration Apparatus
10、, constructed of brass, with coppersteam coils attached, suitably supported above a vacuum flaskappropriately protected against the effects of implosion. SeeFigs. 1 and 2.6.2 Temperature Measuring Device, capable of measuringthe temperature in the range from 95 to 105C with an accuracyof 0.5C.6.3 Ov
11、en, electric, capable of maintaining a temperature of110 6 1C. The oven should be capable of safely evaporatingthe solvent without risk of fire.6.4 Stirring Rod, glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)approximately 150 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter.6.5 Beaker, glass, 30 mL capacity, either squat
12、 form with lipor conical.6.6 Small Dishes, such as watch glasses or Petri dishes.6.7 Hotplate, electric.6.8 Steam Generator, to provide steam at 100 6 1C.6.9 Vacuum Source, capable of providing the specifiedvacuum.6.10 Vacuum Gauge, capable of measuring the specifiedvacuum.1This test method is under
13、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2
14、007 as D 487007a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at th
15、e end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.11 Filter Medium, Whatman glass fiber filter medium,Grade GF/A, 47 mm diameter.6.12 High Speed Mixer, any convenient type, minimumspeed 400 rpm.6.13 Desiccator.6
16、.14 Cooling Vessel, a desiccator or other type of tightlycovered vessel for cooling the filter media before weighing.The use of a drying agent is not recommended.6.15 Syringe or Graduated Wash Bottle, minimum capacity25 mL, graduated in 0.5 mL increments.6.16 Forceps, spade-ended.7. Reagents and Mat
17、erials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.3Other grad
18、es may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Normal Heptane, minimum 99.75 % purity.(WarningFlammable, vapor harmful if inhaled. See A1.1.)7.3 Toluene, at least reagent grade pu
19、rity. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful. See A1.2.)7.4 Wash Solvent, consisting of 85 volume % n-heptane(7.2) and 15 volume % toluene (see 7.3).8. Sampling8.1 Sample in accordance with Practice D 4057 or PracticeD 4177.3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Soc
20、iety, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD
21、.FIG. 1 Detail of Filtration CellFIG. 2 Arrangement of Filtration ApparatusD48700929. Procedure9.1 Sample PreparationMix the whole sample, as re-ceived, thoroughly using a high speed mixer when practicable,for 30 s. In all cases a sample taken on a glass or PTFE roddipped to the bottom of the contai
22、ner must show a homoge-neous appearance. For fuels with a high wax content (high pourpoint), or of very high viscosity, the sample must be heatedbefore stirring. The temperature must be either 15C above thepour point in the case of low viscosity fuels, or that equivalentto 150 to 250 cSt in the case
23、 of high viscosity fuels. In no caseshould the temperature exceed 80C.9.2 Filter PreparationFor each test, dry two filter mediafor 20 min in the oven at 110C. Transfer each filter medium,separately, rapidly to a cooling vessel and allow to cool toroom temperature for 20 min. Weigh each filter medium
24、 to thenearest 0.0001 g.NOTE 1The Whatman GF/A filter media are fragile and are to behandled with care. Before use, check each medium for consistency, andthe possible presence of small defects (holes).NOTE 2For convenience, place the filters on numbered small dishes(6.6) during drying and cooling.9.
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