ASTM D4870-2007a Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels《测定剩余燃料中沉积物总量的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4870 07aDesignation: 375/99An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of totalsediment up to 0.40 % m/m for di
3、stillate fuel oils containingresidual components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oilshaving a maximum viscosity of 55 cSt (mm2/s) at 100C. Somefuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in thistest method due to factors other than the presence of significantquantities of insoluble org
4、anic or inorganic material. This testmethod can be used for the assessment of total sediment afterregimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the agingprocess.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This
5、standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning sta
6、tements, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.6.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.
7、1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 total sedimentthe sum of the insoluble organic andinorganic material that is separated from the bulk of theresidual fuel oil by filtration through a Whatman GF/A filtermedium, and that is also insoluble in a predominantly paraf-finic solvent.4.
8、Summary of Test Method4.1 A weighed quantity (10 g) of the oil sample is filteredthrough the prescribed apparatus at 100C. After solventwashing and drying the total sediment on the filter medium isweighed. The test is to be carried out in duplicate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Appreciable amounts of s
9、ediment in a residual fuel oilcan cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problemsin burner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storagetanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting inobstruction of the flow of oil from the tank to the burner.6. Apparatus6.1 Filtration Apparat
10、us, constructed of brass, with coppersteam coils attached, suitably supported above a vacuum flaskappropriately protected against the effects of implosion. SeeFigs. 1 and 2.6.2 Temperature Measuring Device, capable of measuringthe temperature in the range from 95 to 105C with an accuracyof 0.5C.6.3
11、Oven, electric, capable of maintaining a temperature of110 6 1C. The oven should be capable of safely evaporatingthe solvent without risk of fire.6.4 Stirring Rod, glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)approximately 150 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter.6.5 Beaker, glass, 30 mL capacity, either squ
12、at form with lipor conical.6.6 Weighing Bottles, with ground glass stoppers, num-bered, 80 mm diameter by 40 mm.6.7 Hotplate, electric.6.8 Steam Generator, to provide steam at 100 6 1C.6.9 Vacuum Source, capable of providing the specifiedvacuum.6.10 Vacuum Gauge, capable of measuring the specifiedva
13、cuum.6.11 Filter Medium, Whatman glass fiber filter medium,Grade GF/A, 47 mm diameter.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edit
14、ion approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 487007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information
15、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.12 High Speed Mixer, any convenient type, minimumsp
16、eed 400 rpm.6.13 Desiccator.6.14 Cooling Vessel, a desiccator or other type of tightlycovered vessel for cooling the filter media before weighing.The use of a drying agent is not recommended.6.15 Syringe or Graduated Wash Bottle, minimum capacity25 mL, graduated in 0.5 mL increments.6.16 Forceps, sp
17、ade-ended.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specificati
18、ons are available.3Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Normal Heptane, minimum 99.75 % purity.(WarningFlammable, vapor harmful if inhaled. See A1.1.)7.3 Tolue
19、ne, at least reagent grade purity. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful. See A1.2.)7.4 Wash Solvent, consisting of 85 volume % n-heptane(7.2) and 15 volume % toluene (see 7.3).8. Sampling8.1 Sample in accordance with Practice D 4057 or PracticeD 4177.9. Procedure9.1 Sample PreparationMix the whole sampl
20、e, as re-ceived, thoroughly using a high speed mixer when practicable,for 30 s. In all cases a sample taken on a glass or PTFE rod3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the Americ
21、an Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.FIG. 1 Detail of Filtration CellFIG. 2 Arrangement of Filtration ApparatusD 4870 07a2di
22、pped to the bottom of the container must show a homoge-neous appearance. For fuels with a high wax content (high pourpoint), or of very high viscosity, the sample must be heatedbefore stirring. The temperature must be either 15C above thepour point in the case of low viscosity fuels, or that equival
23、entto 150 to 250 cSt in the case of high viscosity fuels. In no caseshould the temperature exceed 80C.9.2 Filter PreparationFor each test, dry two filter mediafor 20 min in the oven at 110C. Transfer each paper,separately, rapidly to a numbered weighing bottle and allow tocool in the cooling vessel
24、to room temperature (5 to 10 min).Weigh each weighing bottle plus filter medium to the nearest0.0001 g.NOTE 1The Whatman GF/A filter media are fragile and are to behandled with care. Before use, check each medium for consistency, andthe possible presence of small defects (holes).NOTE 2For convenienc
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