ASTM D4682-2018 Standard Specification for Miscibility with Gasoline and Fluidity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants.pdf

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1、Designation: D4682 13D4682 18Standard Specification forMiscibility with Gasoline and Fluidity of Two-Stroke-CycleGasoline Engine Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca

2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four categories of lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cy

3、cle spark-ignition gasoline enginesbased on their miscibility with gasoline and their low-temperature fluidity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the te

4、st methods described in this specification. This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the a

5、pplicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby th

6、e World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline (Withdrawn 1990)3D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids

7、 (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and AdditivesD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants usinga Rotational Viscometer3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific t

8、o This Standard:3.1.1 fluidityfluidity, nof two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine lubricants, following industry practice, this term is used todesignate the absolute viscosity in millipascalseconds (centipoises) of the lubricant under test. In general usage, fluidity is thereciprocal of absolute viscosit

9、y.3.1.2 miscibilitymiscibility, nof two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine lubricants, an inverse function of the time required for afuel and lubricant introduced into the apparatus as separate phases to produce a single-phase mixture by agitation under controlledconditions.4. Classification4.1 The candid

10、ate oils are classified into Categories 1 through 4 according to the temperature at which the tests are conducted;respectively, 0 C, 10 C, 25 C, and 40 C. Each category has its own reference oil that is the same for both the miscibilityand fluidity tests.1 This specification is under the jurisdictio

11、n ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.Current edition approved June 15, 2013July 1, 2018. Published July 2013August 2018. Originally approved in 1987.

12、 Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asD4682 08.D4682 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4682-13.10.1520/D4682-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards

13、 Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Be

14、causeit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section app

15、ears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Qualification Requirements5.1 MiscibilityWhen tested in accordance with Section 6, candidate oils that mix with the gasoline in not more than 110 %of t

16、he number of inversions of the apparatus required to mix the reference oil, and that do not separate on standing, qualify asmiscible.5.2 FluidityWhen tested in accordance with Section 7, candidate oils meet the requirements for fluidity if their viscosity isnot more than 10 % higher than that of the

17、 reference oil.TEST METHODS6. Miscibility Test Method6.1 Summary of Test MethodThe candidate oil and gasoline are placed as separate phases in a stoppered-glass cylinder andmixed by end-over-end rotation of the cylinder under controlled conditions at the temperature appropriate to the category of th

18、eoil.NOTE 1This procedure specifies that the lubricant be mixed with gasoline. Some fuels in current use are partially or predominately composed ofoxygenated compounds such as alcohols, and some lubricants that mix readily with gasoline may not mix with such fuels. A variant procedure can berun to d

19、etermine the ability of a lubricant to mix satisfactorily with a fuel consisting partially or wholly of oxygenates. In this case, run the miscibilitytest using the candidate oil in the oxygenate or oxygenate-containing fuel against the reference oil in gasoline.6.2 Significance and Use:6.2.1 The lub

20、ricants used in two-stroke-cycle gasoline engines normally reach the surfaces to be lubricated as a mixture withthe fuel. This mixture can either be prepared in advance, usually in the engine fuel tank, or can be produced by the meteredinjection of oil into the fuel stream at some point before its e

21、ntry into the engine crankcase. In either case, the fuel and lubricantshall be readily miscible, and if the lubricant is metered into the fuel stream, it shall be readily pumpable. As it cannot be knownin advance whether a given lubricant will be mixed with the fuel in advance or be injected into th

22、e fuel stream by a metering pump,both miscibility and fluidity shall be determined.6.2.2 The temperature at which the miscibility and fluidity of an oil is determined does not necessarily reflect the expectedtemperature of use. For example, outboard motor manufacturers normally require the use of oi

23、ls of Category 3 that are tested at25 C, even though outboards are rarely used at such temperatures. The reason is that Category 3 oils are readily pumpable andwill mix quite rapidly with gasoline at temperatures above about 5 C with little or no agitation. This is an important considerationfor boat

24、s with outboard motors using a fuel-oil mix that is made up in large built-in tanks that cannot readily be stirred or shaken.6.3 Apparatus:6.3.1 RotatorThis consists of three or four standard apparatus clamps to carry the cylinders specified in 6.3.2 mounted on ahorizontal shaft of about (12 to 14)

25、mm diameter and about 300 mm long mounted between antifriction bearings, driven by anelectric motor, and provided with a revolution counter. The shaft is rotated at about (10 to 14) rpm so that the cylinders arecontinuously being inverted as the shaft rotates. A maximum of three candidate oils can b

26、e run against one reference oil. Whileit would be possible to design apparatus to handle a greater number of samples, four appears to be a practical limit for ease ofoperation. In Fig. 1 a photograph of a suitable rotator is shown.6.3.2 Four (or Fewer) Graduated Cylinders, 500 mL, capable of remaini

27、ng securely stoppered in any attitude. Thelength-to-diameter ratio of the cylinders may be in the range from 10 to 12:1, but all cylinders used in the same test shall beidentical within normal commercial glassware tolerance.6.3.3 Stoppered Flask of about 500 mL capacity for each graduated cylinder.6

28、.3.4 Freezer capable of maintaining a temperature controllable within 61 C in the range from (0 to 40) C. Provide thefreezer with a transparent cover and be capable of accommodating the complete rotator assembly while in operation, together withspace for the storage of additional cylinders and flask

29、s.Acover with two panes of glass or plastic separated by an air space of about(10 to 15) mm is advised.6.4 Reagents and Materials:6.4.1 Reference OilsA different reference oil is required for each miscibility/fluidity category. These are: for Category 1,ASTM reference oil VI-GG;4 for Category 2, AST

30、M reference oil VI-FF; for Category 3, ASTM reference oil VI-D;5 and forCategory 4, ASTM reference oil VI-II. See Annex A1 for information on the composition and properties of these oils.6.4.2 Any full-boiling-range gasoline meeting the general requirements of Specification D439 volatility Classes A

31、, B, or C canbe used. When this procedure is run in conjunction with an engine performance test, it is the normal practice to use the gasolinespecified for the performance test. Do not use oxygenate blends and other fuels containing non-hydrocarbon blending components.4 The sole source of supply of

32、the reference oil known to the committee at this time is Lubrizol Corp., 29400 Lakeland Blvd, Wickliffe, OH 44092. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the respon

33、sibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.5 The sole source of supply of the reference oil known to the committee at this time is Citgo No. 93734 from Citgo Petroleum Corp., 555 E. Butterfield Rd., Lombard,IL 60148. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to

34、ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.D4682 1826.5 Calibration and Standardization As a reference oil is tested simultaneously with each set of candidate oils, no otherstandardization

35、 procedure is required.6.6 Procedure:6.6.1 Approximately 25 mLof the oil to be tested and 450 mLof gasoline shall be available for each sample to be run, includingthe reference oil.6.6.2 Pour (19 to 21) mL each of the reference oil and of the candidate oil(s) into separate 500 mL mixing cylinders an

36、d inserttheir stoppers.6.6.3 It is preferred, but not mandatory, to purge the cylinders with nitrogen before inserting the stoppers.FIG. 1 RotatorD4682 1836.6.4 Prepare one (395 to 405) mL sample of gasoline in a stoppered flask for each oil sample to be tested, including thereference oil.6.6.5 Plac

37、e the cylinders and the gasoline samples with the rotator into a freezer at the required test temperature for a minimumof 16 h. The cylinders may be attached to the rotator or may be stored separately in the freezer at this time.6.6.6 At the end of the soak period (if this has not already been done)

38、, mount the mixing cylinders onto the rotator at about 30to the vertical, clamping them at about the 350 mL mark.6.6.7 Remove the stopper and empty one of the gasoline samples into each cylinder in turn, pouring carefully down the sideso as to minimize mixing. Replace and secure the stopper of each

39、cylinder as soon as it has been filled.6.6.8 When all cylinders are charged with gasoline, replace the freezer cover and start the rotator.6.6.9 Watch the cylinders, and record for each the number of revolutions required for complete mixing of the gasoline and oil(no unmixed oil visible on the botto

40、m with the cylinder upside down). If difficulty is experienced with fogging of the transparentfreezer cover, proprietary antifogging compounds are usually effective.6.6.10 After the test is completed, leave the cylinders in the freezer in the upright position for a 48 h minimum and check forphase se

41、paration. The cylinders may be left in place or may be removed from the rotator during this portion of the test.6.6.11 Any candidate oil that requires over 10 % more revolutions to mix than is required by the reference oil or that separatesfrom the gasoline on standing fails. Otherwise pass.6.7 Repo

42、rtReport the temperature at which the test was conducted and the number of inversions (complete rotations of therotator shaft) required to produce mixing of the candidate oil and of the reference oil used (identify the reference oil). Note thecategory assigned. If separation is observed, report the

43、degree of separation and the number of hours standing.6.8 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about either the precision or the bias of the miscibility test, as no acceptedmethod is available to determine these in the case of pass-fail results.7. Fluidity Test Method7.1 Summary of Test MethodThe

44、viscosity of the candidate oil is determined by Test Method D2983 (Brookfield(rotationalviscometer) at the same temperature as used for the miscibility test, and compared with that of the reference oil. See 3.1.1 regardingthe use of the word fluidity in this context.NOTE 2The fluidity test is quite

45、frequently used as a screen or as a control check for miscibility. Determine the miscibility-fluidity relationshipexperimentally for any specific lubricant, but in most cases it has been found that a candidate oil does not qualify in a miscibility category if it does notmeet the fluidity requirement

46、s of that category. For mixtures involving oxygenate-containing fuels or nonhydrocarbon lubricants such as esters orpolyglycols, the low-temperature viscosity cannot be used safely to predict miscibility, but can be used as a control after the ability of the componentsto mix satisfactorily has been

47、established.7.2 Significance and UseSee 6.2.7.3 ApparatusThe Brookfieldrotational viscometer and its associated equipment are described in Section 6 of Test MethodD2983.7.4 Reagents and MaterialsSee 6.4.7.5 Calibration and StandardizationAs the results obtained from the Brookfieldrotational viscomet

48、er are critically dependenton its correct setup and functioning, run the reference oil appropriate to the temperature of the test immediately before or after,preferably both before and after, any candidate oils tested. If the viscometer is being used on a continuing basis for controlpurposes, make a

49、 reference oil check at frequent and regular intervals.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 About 50 mL of oil is required for each test.7.6.2 Use the procedure of Test Method D2983 to determine the viscosity of the oil under test at the temperature appropriateto the category desired, or at the lowest standard test temperature above the pour point of the oil if the category of the candidateis unknown. The revolutions per minute of the Brookfieldrotational speed used by the rotational viscometer shall be reported, andshall be set in accordance with Section 8 of