ASTM D4332-2013 Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers Packages or Packaging Components for Testing《试验用调节容器、包装件或包装件的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D4332 01 (Reapproved 2006)D4332 13Standard Practice forConditioning Containers, Packages, or PackagingComponents for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case

2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides for standard and special conditioning and testing atmospheres that ma

3、y be used to simulate particularfield conditions that a container, package, or packaging component may encounter during its life or testing cycle.1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioning these containers, packages, or packaging components so that they mayreach equilibrium with the atm

4、osphere to which they may be exposed.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimit

5、ations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for TestingD996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution EnvironmentsE41 Terminology Relating To ConditioningE171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier PackagingE3

6、37 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)2.2 ISO Standard:2233 PackagingComplete, Filled Transport Packages: Conditioning for Testing32.3 Forest Products Laboratory:Moisture Content vs. Relative Humidity Chart Content vs. Relative H

7、umidity Chart43. Terminology3.1 Terms and definitions used in this practice may be found in Terminology D996, Terminology E41, or Specification E171.4. Significance and Use4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages are made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in physicalprop

8、erties as the temperature and the relative humidity (RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the package shouldbe placed and kept in a specified atmosphere for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of physical properties willbe meaningful and reproducible.4.2 The conditions

9、 described in this practice are either historically accepted standard conditions or special laboratory conditionschosen to represent particular phases of the distribution environment. These special conditions do not necessarily duplicate actualfield conditions, but tend to simulate them and have eff

10、ects on packages and materials which may be related to their fieldperformance.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers andSystems - Application of Performance Test Methods.Current editi

11、on approved Nov. 1, 2006March 15, 2013. Published November 2006April 2013. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20012006as D4332 01 (2006).2. DOI: 10.1520/D4332-01R06.10.1520/D4332-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custom

12、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not a

13、n ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate.

14、In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Atmospheric Conditions5.1 Preconditioning Atmosphere20 to 40C (68 t

15、o 104F) and 10 to 35 % relative humidity.5.2 Standard Conditioning Atmosphere 23 6 1C (73.4 6 2F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity.NOTE 1Average values must fall within these limits. Short-term fluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measurements to varyup to 62C (63.6F) and 65 %

16、 relative humidity without significant impairment of test precision.NOTE 2The standard conditioning in the United States is different than in many other countries that use the ISO 2233 preferred conditions (G) of20C (68F) and 65 % relative humidity. conditions.5.3 Special AtmospheresEnvironmental Co

17、nditioning AtmosphereThe special standard atmospheric environmental condi-tions shown in Table 1 may be selected when appropriate.NOTE 3Temperature and humidity tolerances of 61C (61.8F) and 62 % relative humidity are desirable but not always attainable.NOTE 3In the absence of a specific requirement

18、 for a particular atmospheric condition, use the conditioning atmosphere given in 5.2.NOTE 4Conditioning at the desert condition (see Table 1) at a constant temperature of 60C (140F) may have effects on some materials that donot relate to effects of cyclical field conditions.5.3.1 Preferred atmosphe

19、res approved by ISO, but not required in this practice are shown in Table 2.5.4 The measurement of temperature and relative humidity of the conditioning atmosphere shall be made as close to thespecimen being exposed as is possible. (See Test Method E337 for a detailed description of methods.) The te

20、mperature and relativehumidity indicated at the control point, may not be representative of conditions elsewhere in the conditioned space due to localeffects or deficiency in air circulation. Tolerances at the controller usually must be smaller than those at the specimen.6. Apparatus6.1 Room (or Cab

21、inet) of such size that sample containers or packages may be individually exposed to circulating air at thetemperature and relative humidity chosen.6.1.1 Control Apparatus capable of maintaining the room at the required atmospheric conditions within the tolerance limits.6.2 HygrometerThe instrument

22、used to indicate the relative humidity should be accurate to 62 % relative humidity. Apsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement of relative humidity or for checking the hygrometer (see Test MethodE337).6.3 ThermometerAny temperature-measuring device may be used provided it can accuratel

23、y indicate the temperature towithin 0.1C or 0.2F. The dry-bulb thermometer of the psychrometer may be used either for direct measurement or for checkingthe temperature-indicating device.TABLE 1 Special AtmospheresEnvironment(ISO 2233 Condition)Temperature,C (F)RelativeHumidity, %Cryogenic (A) 55 3 (

24、67 6) .Frozen food storage (C) 18 2 (0 4) .Refrigerated storage (D) 5 2 (41 4) 85 5Temperate high humidity (F) 20 2 (68 4) 90 5Tropical (L) 40 2 (104 4) 90 5Desert 60 2 (140 4) 15 2TABLE 1 Environmental ConditionsEnvironmentalConditionTemperature,C (F)RelativeHumidity, %Cryogenic 55 3 (67 6) . . .Ex

25、treme cold 30 2 (22 4) . . .Frozen food storage 18 2 (0 4) . . .Refrigerated storage 5 2 (41 4) 85 5Temperate high humidity 20 2 (68 4) 90 5Tropical 40 2 (104 4) 90 5Desert 60 2 (140 4) 15 5TABLE 2 Preferred Atmospheres Listed in ISO 2233Condition Temperature, C (F) Relative Humidity, %B 35 3 (31 6)

26、 not specifiedE 20 2 (68 4) 65H 27 2 (81 4) 65J 30 2 (86 4) 90K 40 3 (104 6) uncontrolledM 55 2 (131 4) 30D4332 1327. Procedure7.1 Obtain containers, packages, or packaging components in quantity in accordance with the standard governing the test to beperformed. Fiberboard containers (and containers

27、 fabricated from other materials that are affected by changes in humidities greaterthan 40 %) may require preconditioning (see Method D685).7.2 Containers or packages that are sealed with aqueous adhesives should have all seals made sufficiently prior topreconditioning or conditioning so that the wa

28、ter in the adhesive will not be a factor in preconditioning or conditioning of thepackage.7.3 Place the container, package, or packaging component within the conditioning chamber and expose it to the requiredconditions for an amount of time specified in the particular test procedure. If no time peri

29、od is specified, a period of at least 72h or that required to reach equilibrium is recommended. The container, package, or packaging component shall be supported ina manner such that all surfaces have free access to the conditioning atmosphere. Heavier packages may be placed on a pallet orother devi

30、ce that should allow for as much exposure of the bottom surface to the conditioning atmosphere as is possible, so longas the device does not cause a permanent change in the box or affect the final test result.7.4 Wherever possible, the desired test or measurement should be made at the specified cond

31、itioning atmosphere. When this isnot possible, the test shall be performed as quickly as possible after the specimen is removed from the conditioning atmosphere.7.5 Alternatively, the package may be enclosed in a plastic sheet before removal from the conditioning atmosphere, in a mannersuch that the

32、 plastic will not interfere with the particular test, so that the package will neither gain or lose moisture. Here too, thepackage shall be tested as quickly as possible after removal from the conditioning atmosphere.8. Report8.1 The report of the test on the conditioned package shall include the fo

33、llowing:8.1.1 Temperature, relative humidity, and time of exposure.8.1.1.1 Preconditioning atmosphere and time of exposure when used.8.1.2 Statement of compliance with this procedure.8.1.3 Variations from this procedure, including the testing temperature and relative humidity if different from the c

34、onditioningatmosphere, the time elapsed, and so forth.9. Precision and Bias9.1 A statement of precision and bias is not applicable to this practice.10. Keywords10.1 conditioning; conditions; containers; environment; materials; packagesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of a

35、ny patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to re

36、vision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your

37、 comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyr

38、ighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4332 133